Key Result

Author, year Study Design Number of Age Time of Outcome of

City/Country samples group follow-up the studies
 Key Results
Author, Study
Year Design Number of Time of Outcomes of
City/ Country Age Group
samples follow-up the studies

Consumption
of High-Sugar
and High-
Vermeule Saturated-Fat
Amsterdam,
n, et al. Cohort 5188 18-70 4 years foods does
Netherland
2017 (10) increase
depression
symptoms
significantly

Association of
high quartile
of unhealthy
diet ( high-
Le Port, et desert, fat-
al. 2012 Cohort France 20.625 35-50 19 years sweet diet,
(11) high-snack)
was stable for
risk of
depression for
10 years
 Fruit, nuts
and legumes,
potatoes,
whole grain
bread, olive
oil, sugar-
sweetened
beverages,
and coffee
and tea were
not
M. significantly
Elstgeest, associated in
Cohort Italy 1058 20-102 9 years
et al, either
2018 (12) direction.
Fish and
sweet food
intakes were
associated
with 3-year
improvement
and
deterioration
in depressive
symptoms,
respectively.

There is a
positive dose–
response

relationship
between the
consumption
of fast food
and

the risk of
Sa nchez-
depression.
Villegas, (not
Cohort Spain 8964 6,2 years Moreover,
et al, mentioned)
consumption
2011 (5)
of com-

mercial baked
goods was
also positively
associated to
 depressive
disorders but
not linearly.

No significant
association
between
sugar-
sweetened
beverage
consumption
and
depression
risk was
found. Higher
Villegas et Prospectiv Spanish
added sugars
al. (2018). e cohort Spain 15.546 university 10.3 years
(14) study graduates

and lower
quality of
carbohydrate
consumption
were
associated
with
depression
risk

No significant
association
between a
Martin, et dietary
Experime
al, 2012 Dutch 90 18 - 35 15 days pattern high
ntal
(15) in fatty and
sugary food to
depressive
symptom.

High sugary
foods
Vermeule
consumption
n, et al. Cohort London, UK 10308 35 - 55 23 years
increased
2018 (16)
anxiety (p =
0,02).

School-based
educational
and
 behavioral
intervention
focused on
healthy habits
(reducing
junk food)

Pilot Middle
Choi, HY.,
Study Seongnam, School
et al 2016 617 8 months.
(Intervent South Korea Student (aged
(17)
ion) 13-15) may decrease
depressive
symptoms in
adolescents,
combined
with lifestyle
change
(exposure to
sunlight and
improve sleep
quality)

The % UPF
(Ultra
Processed
Food) in the
diet, which is
26.730 high in energy
Adjibade,
(women=20.3 and saturated
M., et al Cohort France 18-86 5,4 years
80, fatty acids,
2019 (18)
men=6.350) was positively
associated
with the risk
of incident
depressive
symptoms

Lower
adherence to
a
Mediterranea
n diet was
associated
with ADHD
diagnosis,
where the
Rios- Mediterranea
Hernande Case- Barcelona, 120 (60 case, Children and (not n diet is a
z, et al, control Spain 60 control) Adolescents mentioned) healthy,
2017 (19)
 Rios-
Hernande Case- Barcelona, 120 (60 case, Children and (not
z, et al, control Spain 60 control) Adolescents mentioned)
2017 (19)

well-balanced
diet that
provides

most of the
nutrients in
their right
proportions
 Citation  Risk of Bias

Less sensitive measurement tool

Vermeulen, et al. 2017 for nutrition intake variable and
depression prevalence.

Homogeneous subject involved

in the study. Inadequate data
taken for the nutritional intake
Le Port, et al. 20112
variabel. non-clinical diagnostic
procedure was done to assess
the prevalence of depression. 

Less sensitive measurement tool

for nutrition intake variable.
Self-report measurement tools
was used to assess depression
M. Elstgeest, et al (2018)
prevalence. Residual
confounding variables was used.
Inadequate sample size due to
loss to follow up.  

Less sensitive measurement tool

for nutrition intake variable and
depression prevalence.
Depression was assessed using
Sanchez-Villegas, et al
self-reporting  instead of using a
(2011)
clinical diagnosis. Data on
exposure was only taken at
baseline and at the end of
study. 

Inadequate sample size. self-

reported measurement tools was
used for nutrition intake and
Villegas et al. (2018).
depression variabel.. Sample are
limited to homogeneous
characteristics.

Martin, et al. (2012) Inadequate sample size

Less sensitive measurement tool

Vermeulen, et al. (2018) for nutrition intake variable and
depression prevalence.
 Non heterogen sample were
taken. the presence of residual
Choi, HY., et al (2016)
confounding. Absense of control
group in the study. 

Presence of residual
Adjibade, M., et al (2019) confounding variables. Sample
size are tend to be homogenous

Less sensitive measurement tool

Hernandez, AR., et al (2017) for nutrition intake variable and
depression prevalence.