TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINE

Outside Air Type IV Fluid Approximate Holdover Times Under Various Weather Conditions (hours: minutes)
Temperature Concentration
Neat-
Degre Degrees Fluid/Water Active Freezing Snow/Sno Freezing Light Rain on Other‡
es Fahrenh (Volume Frost Fog w Grains Drizzle* Freezing Cold
Celsiu eit %/Volume %) Rain Soaked
s Wing**
100/0 12:00 1:15-2:30 0:35-1:15 0:40-1:10 0:25-0:40 0:10-0:50
-3 and 27 and 75/25 5:00 1:05-1:45 0:20-0:55 0:35-0:50 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:35
above above
50/50 3:00 0:15-0:35 0:05-0:15 0:10-0:20 0:05-0:10 CAUTION:
No holdover time
below below 100/0 12:00 0:20-1:20 0:20-0:40 ***0:20- ***0:10-0:25 guidelines exist
0:45
-3 to 27 to 7
-14 75/25 5:00 0:25-0:50 0:15-0:35 ***0:15- ***0:10-0:20
0:30
below below 10 12: 0:1 0:
0/0 00 5-0:40 15-0:30
-14 to 7 to -13
-25
below below 100/0 SAE Type IV fluid may be used below -25 °C (-13 °F) provided the freezing point of the
-25 -13 fluid is at least 7 °C (13 °F) below the OAT and the aerodynamic acceptance criteria are
met. Consider use of SAE Type I when SAE Type IV fluid cannot be used.

* Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible
** This column is for use at temperatures above 0 °C (32 °F) only
*** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F)
‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail

SNOWFALL INTENSITIES AS A FUNCTION OF PREVAILING VISIBILITY

Temp.
Time Visibility (Meters)
Of Degrees  4.000 3.200 2.400 1.600 1.200 800  400
Day Celsius
colder/
Very Very
equal Light Light Moderate Moderate Heavy
Snowfall Intensity

Light Light
-1
Day
warmer
Very
than Light Light Moderate Moderate Heavy Heavy
Light
-1
colder/
Very
equal Light Moderate Moderate Heavy Heavy Heavy
Light
-1
Night
warmer
Very
than Light Moderate Heavy Heavy Heavy Heavy
Light
-1

NOTE 2: This table is to be used with Type I fluid guidelines. It may also be used with Type II, III, or IV fluid
guidelines.

HEAVY = Caution—No Holdover Time Guidelines Exist

 Icing Thickness of
  Intensity Location Layer

None None Up to top of

0 cloud
1 Light Icing   300m/1000’
2 Light Icing In cloud 600m/2000’
In
3 Light Icing precipitation 900m/2000’
4 Moderate   1200m/4000’
5 Moderate In cloud 1500m/5000’
In
6 Moderate precipitation 1800m/6000’
7 Severe   2100m/7000’
8 Severe In cloud 2400m/8000’
In
9 Severe precipitation 2700m/9000’

Turbulenz Weather Thickness of

  Intensity Condition Frequency Layer
None     Up to top of
0 cloud
1 Light     300m/1000’
2 Moderate Clear Occasional 600m/2000’
3 Moderate Clear Frequent 900m/2000’
4 Moderate Cloud Occasional 1200m/4000’
5 Moderate Cloud Frequent 1500m/5000’
6 Moderate Clear Occasional 1800m/6000’
7 Severe Clear Frequent 2100m/7000’
8 Severe Cloud Occasional 2400m/8000’
9 Severe Cloud Frequent 2700m/9000’

5: first digit of the turbulence group is always a 5.

6: first digit of the icing group is always a 6.
Second digit: Type
3.4.5. digit: Layer´s base (100s of ft)
6. digit: Thickness of layer
 OAT TYPE I Approximate Holdover Times Under Various Weather Conditions
(hours: minutes)

Snow/Snow Grains Freezing Light Rain on Cold

Degrees Active Freezing
Drizzle Freezing Soaked Oth
Celsius Frost Fog Li Mo
Very Light Rain Wing
ght derate
-3 and
above 0:45 0:11-0:17 0:18-0:22 0:11-0:18 0:06-0:11 0:09-0:13 0:02-0:05 0:02-0:05

Below -3 CAUTION: No holdov

0:45 0:08-0:13 0:14-0:17 0:08-0:14 0:05-0:08 0:05-0:09 0:02-0:05
to -6 guidelines exis
Below
0:45 0:06-0:10 0:11-0:13 0:06-0:11 0:04-0:06 0:04-0:07 0:02-0:05
-6 to -10
Below
-10 0:45 0:05-0:09 0:07-0:08 0:04-0:07 0:02-0:04

Outside Air One-step Procedure Two-step Procedure

Temperature Deicing/Anti-icing1
First step: Deicing Second step: Anti-icing1, 2,

-3 C (27 F) 50/50 Heated water or a

and above Heated3 Types II, III or IV heated mix of Types I, II, III 50/50 Types II, III, or IV
or IV and water
Below -3 C 75/25 Heated suitable mix of
(27 F) Heated3 Types II, III or IV Types I, II, III or IV, and water 75/25 Types II, III, or IV
with a freezing point not more than
to -14 C (7
3 C (5 F) above actual OAT
F)
below -14 C 100/0 Heated suitable mix of
(7 F) Heated3 Types II, III or IV Types I, II, III or IV, and water 100/0 Types II, III, or IV
with a freezing point not more than
to -25 C (-13
3 C (5 F) above actual OAT
F)

SAE Type II/IV fluid may be used below -25 C (-13 F) provided that the freezing point of the fluid is at least a 7 C (13 F)
Below -25 C below OAT and that aerodynamic acceptance criteria are met.
(-13 F) SAE Type III fluid may be used below -10 C (14 F) provided that the freezing point of the fluid is at least 7 C (13 F) below
OAT and that aerodynamic acceptance criteria are met.
Consider the use of SAE Type I when Types II, III, or IV fluid cannot be used.
1) Fluids must only be used at temperatures above their lowest operational use temperature.
2) To be applied before first step fluid freezes, typically within 3 minutes.
3) Clean aircraft may be anti-iced with unheated Types II, III, or IV fluid.

NOTE: For heated fluids, a fluid temperature not less than 60 C (140 F) at the nozzle is desirable. Upper temperature limit shall not
exceed fluid and aircraft manufacturers’ recommendations.
CAUTIONS:
 Wing skin temperatures may differ and, in some cases, be lower than OAT. A stronger mix (more glycol) can be used under these
conditions.
 As fluid freezing may occur, 50/50 Types II, III, or IV fluid shall not be used for the anti-icing step of a cold-soaked
wing as indicated by frost or ice on the lower surface of the wing in the area of the fuel tank.
 An insufficient amount of anti-icing fluid, especially in the second step of a two-step procedure, may cause a substantial loss of
holdover time, particularly when using a Type I fluid mixture for the first step (deicing) of a two-step procedure.

Outside Air Type II Fluid TYPE II Approximate Holdover Times Under Various Weather Conditions (hours: minutes)
Temperature Concentration
Neat-Fluid/Water

Deg. Degrees (Volume Active Freezing Fog Snow/ Freezing Light Freezing Rain on Cold Other‡
Fahrenheit %/Volume %) Frost Snow Grains Drizzle* Rain Soaked Wing**
Celsius

100/0 8:00 0:35-1:30 0:20-0:45 0:30-0:55 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:40

-3 and 27 and
above above 75/25 5:00 0:25-1:00 0:15-0:30 0:20-0:45 0:10-0:25 0:05-0:25

50/50 3:00 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:15 0:05-0:15 0:05-0:10

below below 100/0 8:00 0:20-1:05 0:15-0:30 ***0:15-0:45 ***0:10-0:20 CAUTION:

No holdover time
-3 to -14 27 to 7 75/25 5:00 0:20-0:55 0:10-0:20 ***0:15-0:30 ***0: 05-0: 15 guidelines exist
below below 100/0 8:00 0:15-0:20 0:15-0:30
-14 to 7 to -13
-25

below below SAE Type II fluid may be used below -25 °C (-13 °F) provided the freezing point of the fluid is at least 7 C (13
100/0
°F) below the OAT and the aerodynamic acceptance criteria are met. Consider use of SAE Type I when SAE
-25 -13 Type II fluid cannot be used.
Other Conditions are: Heavy snow, snow or ice pellets, hail. Moderate freezing rain, heavy freezing rain

SNOWTAM

First two digits = RW 26 = 26 or 26L 88 = All RWYs 76 = RWY 26R (50 added)
99 = repetition of last message

Third = Deposit 0 = Clear and dry 1 = Damp 2 = Wet or water patches

3 = Rime or frost covered 4 = Dry snow
 5 = Wet snow 6 = Slush
7 = Ice 8 = Compacted or rolled snow
9 = Frozen ruts or ridges

Forth = Extension 1 = 10% or less 2 = 11% to 25% 5 = 25% to 50 %

9 = 51 to 100% / = not reported

Fifth + Sixth = Depth 00 = less than 1mm 01 = 1mm etc. to 90 = 90mm

91 = not used 92 = 10cm 93 = 15 cm
94 = 20 cm 95 = 25 cm 96 = 30 cm
97 = 35 cm 98 = 40 cm
99 = RWY closed // = not reported or not measurable

Seventh + Eight = Friction 28 = e.g. coefficient 0.28 91 = Braking action: poor

92 = medium to poor 93 = medium to good
95 = good
99 = B/A unreliable // = not rep. or RW closed