1.

The “Slender Ratio” of a column is generally defined as the ratio of its:

A. Unsupported length to its maximum radius of gyration
B. Unsupported length to its minimum radius of gyration
C. Length to its minimum width
D. Length to its moment of inertia
2. The stress flow, q of a beam 0.25 m x 0.50 m in section that is subjected to a shear of 95 kN is;
A. 526 kN/m C. 258 kN/m
B. none of the list D. 285 kN/m
3. The body of those rules of actions and principles which derive their authority solely from usage
and customs:
A. Law of Custom C. Law of Equity
B. Statue Law D. Common Law
4. Plasticity index is:
A. Inversely proportional to the ease with which water passes through the soil.
B. A measure of the range of moisture contents through which the soil is plastic.
C. The numerical difference between the liquid limits and the plastic limits.
D. All of the above.
5. The pull-out anchorage bond is dependent on the;
A. End anchorage by using bend and hook
B. Adhesion between steel bar and concrete
C. The frictional resistance to sliding
D. All the items
6. The following are types of curing except:
A. steam curing C. moist curing
B. temperature D. membrane curing
7. A specification requires that the sides of trenches be supported by sheeting and bracing where
necessary. Sheeting would be less likely required in:
A. sand C. loam
B. clay D. silt
8. This foundation is a special type of pier consisting of hollow shell that is sunk to position to form
a major part of the structure. The three principal types are the box, which is open, at the top and
closed at the bottom, the open, which is open at the top and the bottom, and the pneumatic which
is closed at the top and open at the bottom. This foundation is called:
A. caisson C. bored
B. deep D. bentonite
9. The direct methods of soil exploratory procedures are as follows:
A. test pits C. sampling
B. all in the list D. boring
10. An alternative method of settling construction disputes between owner, supplier, engineer and
contractor is:
A. negotiation C. win-win
B. arbitration D. compromise
11. The inertia portion of the stress-strain diagram of steel is known as the;
A. elastic range B. strain hardening
 C. plastic range D. modulus of elongation
12. The magnitude of the settlement S for foundation underlain by compressible layer H with an
overburden pressure 𝑝𝑜 and void ratio 𝑒𝑜 , is given by:
A. 𝑆 = [C𝑒 log⁡{(𝑝𝑜 𝑝)/𝑝𝑜 }⁡]𝐻/(1 + 𝑒𝑜 )⁡
B. 𝑆 = [𝑒/(1 + 𝑒𝑜 )⁡]𝐻
C. 𝑆 = [𝑒/(1 + 𝑒𝑜 )⁡]𝐻⁡ where 𝑒 = C𝑒 log⁡[(𝑝𝑜 𝑝)/𝑝𝑜 ⁡]
D. All of the above
13. Column-interaction diagram of a section is a graph of;
A. the column axial load capacity against the shear it can carry
B. the column axial load capacity against column length
C. the column axial load capacity against the moment it can carry
D. the column load against L/R
14. The allowable stress in structural steel in bending of non-compact section is:
A. 0.60 𝐹𝑦 C. 0.40 𝐹𝑦
B. 0.70 𝐹𝑦 D. 0.66 𝐹𝑦
15. If a member is not restrained against sway, and has hinged ends, and the critical load is reached,
this member will buckle laterally turning into the shape of;
A. s-curve C. half sinewave
B. full sinewave D. not in the list
16. To determine the required section modulus S, the minimum moment 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 should be:
A. multiplied by the maximum allowable bending stress
B. divided by the maximum allowable bending stress
C. divided by the Modulus of Elasticity E and moment of inertia
D. none of the list
17. Every building component shall be provided with strength adequate to resist the most critical
effect resulting from the following combination of load EXCEPT:
A. dead load plus floor live load plus roof live loads
B. dead plus floor live load plus wind plus roof live loads
C. dead plus floor live load plus seismic load
D. dead plus floor live load plus wind load
18. Honeycomb in concrete can be limited by the:
A. use of vibrator
B. not in the list
C. use of chlordane chemical
D. use of admixtures in concrete mix
19. The basic types of the welds are:
A. plug and slot C. fillet
B. groove D. all of the above
20. The strength reduction factor for reinforced concrete member under axial tension, and axial
tension with flexure:
A. 0.75 C. 0.85
B. 0.90 D. 0.70
21. The degree, to which a location is subject to earthquake risk, usually refers to the frequency to
occurrence and magnitude of past earthquake and expectations of future seismic activity.
 A. seismicity C. electricity
B. SM City D. plasticity
22. It pertains to earthquake associated with the deformation of the earth’s crusts specially faulting
and other structural processes.
A. volcanic earthquake C. design earthquake
B. major earthquake D. tectonic earthquake
23. Critical damping is the least value of the damping coefficient for which a dynamic system will
not oscillate when disturbed initially, but will simply return to the equilibrium position. The
viscous damping coefficient is expressed as a fraction of this critical damping. Critical damping
occurs when the ratio of the coefficient to the critical damping is:
A. 1 C. None of the list
B. > 1 D. < 1
24. The ultimate or critical depth of the vertical cut 𝐻𝑐 that can be made in claylike soil with a solid
density g and unconfined compressive strength 𝑞𝑢 is given by:
A. 𝐻𝑐 = 2𝑞𝑢 /g C. 𝐻𝑐 = 𝑞𝑢 /(2g)
B. 𝐻𝑐 = 𝑞𝑢 /g D. None of the list
25. This are materials containing finely divided silica, maybe added to concrete to take advantage of
these cements formed when silica reacts with free lime. This reaction is a slow one, taking place
over many months; but where early strength is not critical, it is possible to substitute this for part
of the cement, (30% is not uncommon) and this can have advantage in mass concrete if the
generation of heat needs to be reduced:
A. retardant C. pozzolan
B. lime D. plasticizer
26. The amount of settlement S in a combined layer of normally loaded claylike soil of low to
medium sensitivity is given by the following equation:

𝑆 = 𝑑Ce [1/(1 + 𝑒𝑜 ]log⁡⁡[(𝑝𝑜 𝑝)/𝑝𝑜 ]

In the equation, d is:

A. depth of the compressible layer

B. depth of the footing
C. thickness of the compressible layer
D. none of the list
27. In a long column (slenderness ratio > 160) which of the following has the greatest influence on its
tendency to buckle under a compressive load:
A. modulus of elasticity
B. length of the column
C. radius of gyration of the column
D. compressive strength of the material
28. The slenderness ratio, KL/r of compressive members shall not exceed
A. 200√𝐹𝑦 C. 300
B. 200 D. 240
29. In general, tension and compression on extreme fibers of compact or rolled or built up members,
symmetrical about and loaded in the plane of their minor axis is:
 A. 𝐹𝑏 = 0.75𝐹𝑦 C. 𝐹𝑏 = 0.60𝐹𝑦
B. 𝐹𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 D. 𝐹𝑏 = 0.40𝐹𝑦
30. A cantilever beam has a vibrating mass m at the tip. The beam has the following properties:
Length 317.5 mm
Thickness 6.35 mm
Width 25.4 mm
Modulus E 206× 103 MPa
The value of spring constant k for the beam is nearly:
A. 0.0105 N/mm C. 10.5 N/mm
B. 1 N/mm D. None of the list
31. The vector which represents the sum of the group of force vector is called:
A. sum C. force polygon
B. phase polygon D. resultant
32. Drying of concrete is accompanied by a reduction due to the capillary tension which develops in
the water remaining in the concrete. This property of concrete is detrimental which may cause
unsightly and often deleterious cracks if not controlled. This is called:
A. settlement C. shrinkage
B. creep D. temperature
33. It is a pressure at a point equal to the depth of that point below ground water level times the unit
weight of water. This head is considered in the design of besement floors and similar horizontal
elements below the water table.
A. hydrostatic pressure C. earth pressure
B. gage pressure D. hydraulic pressure
34. Terzaghi and Peck gave reasonably reliable load value for a square footing 𝑄𝑑𝑠 = 𝐵2 (1.3⁡𝑐⁡𝑁𝑐 +
g1 ⁡𝐷𝑓 ⁡𝑁𝑞 + 0.4⁡g 2 ⁡𝐵⁡𝑁g )
Where:
B = width of footing, ft
C = cohesion strength of soil, psf
g1 ,⁡g 2 = unit weights of soil, pcf, above and below the base of the footing respectively
D𝑓 = minimum depth of footing below the adjacent surface, ft
𝑁𝐶 , 𝑁𝑞 and 𝑁g are dimensionless factors for shear failures as a function of internal
friction
The above equation is applicable to:
A. deep foundation, D𝑓 > 1.5 B C. shallow foundation, D𝑓 < 1.5 B
B. mat foundation D. none of the list
35. Water content corresponding to the limit between the liquid and plastic states of consistency of a
soil:
A. Atterberg limit C. moisture limit
B. liquid limit D. plastic limit
36. Bearing piles in friction or point bearing can be placed by being:
A. vibrated only
B. driven and bored only
C. driven (jetted or spudded), vibrated or bored
 D. driven (jetted or spudded or pre-excavated)only
37. In the field, the cohesive soil inplace can be penetrated by the thumb with moderate effort. The
consistency and stiffness of the soil is:
A. stiff C. medium
B. hard D. soft
38. A gigapascal GPa is equivalent to:
A. 106 Pa C. 1012 Pa
B. 109 Pa D. none of the list
39. Every building component shall be provided with strength adequate to resist most critical effect
resulting from the resulting combination of loads, except:
A. Dead plus floor live plus roof live load
B. Dead plus floor live plus live load
C. Dead plus seismic load
D. Dead plus floor live plus wind plus seismic load
40. The most popular non-destructive test for concrete strength is a spring-loaded device which
derives a steel probe against a concrete surface with a standard amount of energy and measures
the distance of the rebound. The test is known as:
A. Rebound Hammer C. Penetration Resistance
B. Pulse Velocity D. pull-out
41. The maximum deflection of a simply supported beam of length L with modulus of elasticity E
and the moment of inertia I when subjected to a uniform load ω is:
A. 5ω𝐿4 /(384EI) C. ω𝐿4 /(384EI)
B. 3ω𝐿4 /(584EI) D. ω𝐿4 /(8EI)
42. It is a condition in which the concrete reaches its full compressive strength when the steel reaches
its yield strength. This condition in strength design is called:
A. over-reinforced design C. under-reinforced design
B. balanced design D. not in the list
43. The equivalent spring constant K for a vibrating system with the spring having spring constants
𝑘1 , 𝑘2 and 𝑘3 respectively, in series is:
A. 𝐾 = 1/𝑘1 + 1/𝑘2 + 1/𝑘3 C. 𝐾 = 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 + 𝑘3
B. 𝐾 = 1/(𝑘1 + 𝑘2 + 𝑘3 ) D. none in the list
44. A wall built into the sea to protect a shore area harbor, anchorage, or basin from the action of
waves:
A. Slip C. Groin
B. Quay wall D. Jetty
45. The lowest water content at which a soil becomes plastic:
A. moisture limit C. plastic limit
B. atterberg limit D. liquid limit
46. A concrete column of cross-sectional area 𝐴𝑐 is reinforced by steel bars of area 𝐴𝑠 , the modulus
of elasticity of concrete is E, and that of steel is 𝐸𝑠 . A load P is transmitted to the column through
a rigid plate so that the deflection of the concrete is equal to that of the steel. Given P, 𝐴𝑠 , 𝐴𝑐 , 𝐸𝑠
and 𝐸𝑐 , the shortening of deflection of the column is:
A. 𝑃 × 𝐸𝑐 /(𝐴𝑐 𝐸𝑐 + 𝐴𝑠 𝐸𝑐 ) C. 𝑃 × 𝐸𝑠 /(𝐴𝑐 𝐸𝑐 + 𝐴𝑠 𝐸𝑠 )
B. 𝑃 × 𝐿/(𝐴𝑐 𝐸𝑐 + 𝐴𝑠 𝐸𝑠 ) D. none of the list
47. Flexural members with overall depth to clear span ratios greater than 2/5 for continuous spans, or
4/5 simple spans, are known as and should be designed as:
A. cross girders C. upstand beam
B. spandrel beams D. deep beams
48. The minimum thickness of one or one way slabs unless deflection are computed if simply
supported is:
A. L/ 28 C. L/ 10
B. L/ 20 D. L/ 24
49. The strength reduction factor for reinforced concrete member under flexure, without axial load is:
A. 0.90 C. 0.70
B. 0.75 D. 0.85
50. Three structural members (AB, BC and CA) of equal lengths L, areas A, and elastic moduli E, pin-
jointed at the ends to form a triangular truss ABC. The truss is pinned (not roller) supported at A
and B. At C a vertical load 𝜔 is applied at C. What is the vertical deflection of joint C?
A. 3ωL/(8AE) C. 3ωL/(2AE)
B. 2ωL/(3AE) D. none of the list
51. The following are types of welding inspection:
A. radiographic and ultrasound inspection
B. penetrant inspection
C. magnetic particle inspection
D. all of the above
52. The allowable load in shear for an 8.5-mm weld having an allowable shearing strength of 124
MPa for a total length of 306 mm is about:
A. 228000 N C. 1054 N
B. 745 N D. none of the above
53. To prevent local buckling, AISC specifies the value of this ratio not to be exceed a certain value,
e.g., 76√𝐹𝑦 where 𝐹𝑦 is in ksi:
A. d / t C. L/ r
B. b / t D. √(𝐼⁡/⁡𝐴)
54. The development length 𝐿𝑑 of deformed bars and deformed wires in compression shall be
computed on the basis of the area of the bar 𝐴𝑏 , the strength of the steel 𝑓𝑦 , and strength of the
concrete 𝑓𝑐 ′ but shall not be less than:
A. 300 mm C. 400 mm
B. 200 mm D. 100 mm
55. The area of shrinkage and temperature reinforcement in terms of the reinforcement area to gross
concrete area shall not be less than:
A. 0.0020 C. 0.0018
B. 0.0018 (400/𝑓𝑦 ) D. 0.0014
1. It is the measure of the damage level:
A. epicenter of an earthquake C. magnitude of an earthquake
B. focus of an earthquake D. intensity of an earthquake
2. It is the measure of the energy released:
A. magnitude of an earthquake C. focus of an earthquake
B. epicenter of an earthquake D. intensity of an earthquake
3. The maximum moment of a beam with span 7 m. carrying a uniform load of 12 kN/m with both
ends fix is equal to:
A. 49 kN-m C. 32 kN-m
B. 62 kN-m D. 86 kN-m
4. The method of mechanical prestressing whereby concrete is cast around the prestressing tendons
that have been previously tensioned against external abutments. When the tendons have been
released from these external restrains, they contract elastically and force the hardened concrete,
which is bonded firmly to the steel, into compression.
A. Full prestressing C. Posttensioning
B. Partially prestressing D. pretensioning
5. In a tri-axial test, sigma 1 and sigma 3 are the principal stresses. If sigma 1 = 69 psi and sigma 3
= 19 psi. The angle of internal friction is nearly:
A. 34.6° C. 30.6°
B. 22.6° D. 25.8°
6. The capacity reduction factor for a beam under flexure without axial load is:
A. 0.90 C. 0.85
B. 0.70 D. 0.75
7. The moisture content of soil at which a given amount of compaction produces the highest value
of dry intensity
A. optimum moisture content C. maximum dry density
B. Atterberg limit D. all of the above
8. In reinforced concrete construction the nominal maximum size of coarse aggregates shall not be
larger than the following except:
A. D/4 distance between stirrups and ties
B. 1/5 the narrowest dimension between side forms
C. 1/3 the depth of slab
D. 3/4 the minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars, or wires, bundle of
bars or prestressing tendons or ducts.
9. The amount of settlement S on a combined layer of normally loaded claylike soil of low to
medium sensitivity is given by the following equation:

𝑆 = 𝐷C𝑒 [1/(1 + 𝑒𝑜 ]log⁡⁡[(𝑝𝑜 𝑝)/𝑝𝑜 ]

In the equation C𝑒 is:

A. compression index C. soil index

B. compression consolidation D. compaction index
10. In the solutions to any structural variables must satisfy three basic physical laws:
A. Equilibrium, Compatibility and Constitutive Laws
 B. Static, Dynamic, and Stability Laws
C. Bettis Law, Archimedes Law and Newton’s Law of Gravity
D. Forces, Deformations and Mechanics of Materials
11. The following are prestress losses except:
A. Fatigue and fracture
B. Creep and shrinkage
C. Anchorage slip and stress relaxation
D. Elastic and duct friction
12. The equivalent spring constant K for a vibrating system with two springs having spring constant
𝐾1 and 𝐾2 respectively in parallel is:
A. 𝐾 = ⁡ 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 C. 𝐾 = ⁡1/(𝐾1 + 𝐾2 )
B. 𝐾 = (1/𝐾1 ) + (1/𝐾2 ) D. none of the list
13. It is a method of designing prestressed beams where the prestresse force eccentricity is chosen to
provide upward equivalent load that is equal and opposite to the given downwards load. This
method known as:
A. load balancing C. partial prestressing
B. strength design D. plastic design
14. The value of the Euler buckling load of a column fixed at the top and bottom of the length L with
modulus of elasticity E and moment of inertia I subjected to a central axial compressive load is:
A. (4𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼)/𝐿2 C. (0.5𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼)/𝐿2
B. (0.25𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼)/𝐿2 D. (𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼)/𝐿2
15. It is a system of slab construction in which there are no beams or other projection below the
bottom surface of the slab.
A. flat plates C. one way slab
B. flat slab D. ribbed slab
16. Shear center of a cross-section:
A. For singly symmetry cross-section such as C shape is located at the axis of symmetry but
not at the centroid.
B. Is located at the centroid for WF and doubly symmetry section S.
C. Can be located by the equilibrium of internal torsional shear stresses with external
torsional forces.
D. All of the above
17. The following are welding process:
A. SMAW shielded metal arc welding
B. GMAW gas metal arc welding
C. SAW submerged arc welding
D. All in the list
18. In reinforced concrete construction the nominal maximum size of coarse aggregates shall not be
larger than the following except:
A. D/4 distance between stirrups and ties.
B. 1/5 the narrowest dimension between side forms.
C. 1/3 the depth of slab
D. ¾ the minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars, or wires, bundle of
bars or prestressing tendons or ducts.
19. A methods of driving piles or well points into sand by using a jet water to break the soil:
A. jetting C. drop hammer
B. well points D. all of the above
20. The value of Euler buckling load of a column fixed at the top and bottom of the length L with
modulus elasticity E and moment of inertia I subjected to a central axial compressive load is:
A. (4𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼)/𝐿2 C. (0.5𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼)/𝐿2
B. (0.25𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼)/𝐿2 D. (𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼)/𝐿2
21. A steel column has the following properties: Modulus of elasticity E = 200,000 MPa, yield
strength 𝐹𝑦 = 200 MPa, length L = 12 m, moment of inertia I = 37.7 × ⁡ 106 mm4 and area A =
8000 mm2. The allowable stress is closest to:
A. 120 MPa C. 33.7 MPa
B. 67.4 MPa D. 91.1 MPa
22. A 10 m steel wide flange beam is laterally supported. The width of the web if the beam is 700
mm and the web thickness is 10 mm. If 𝐹𝑦 is equal to 250 MPa, the allowable bending stress is:
A. 180 MPa C. 165 MPa
B. 150 MPa D. 200 MPa
23. Find the resultant of four parallel forces acting on a horizontal bar AB with length of 11 m; 400
kN downward at the left most end, 900 kN upward 3 m from the left end, 800 kN downward at 9
m from the left end and 300 kN upward at 11 m from the left end.
A. 1200 kN force acting upward
B. 1200 kN couple acting clockwise
C. 1200 kN couple acting counter clockwise
D. 1200 kN force acting downward
24. The section modulus 𝑆𝑥 of a channel with a web depth of h and thickness 𝑡𝜔 , and flange width b
and thickness 𝑡𝑓 is:
A. ℎ2 (6𝑏𝑡𝑓 + ℎ𝑡𝜔 )/12 C. 2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + ℎ𝑡𝜔
B. ℎ(6𝑏𝑡𝑓 + ℎ𝑡𝜔 )/6 D. (2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + ℎ𝑡𝑤 3 )/3
25. The moment of inertia of a trapezoid with base b = 600 mm and top a = 400 mm and depth d =
900 mm is nearest to:
A. 50 × 109 m4 C. 60 × 109 in4
B. 40 × 109 in4 D. 30 × 109 mm4
26. A complete engineering soil identification includes three elements:
A. Appearance, arrangement of constituent materials and condition of individual grains.
B. Field classification, appearance and structure and compactness or hardness.
C. Coarse grained, fined, and organic elements.
D. Color, moisture condition and presence of organic materials.
27. A concrete column of cross-sectional area⁡𝐴𝑐 . Is reinforced by steel bars of area 𝐴𝑠 . The modulus
of elasticity of concrete is 𝐸𝑐 and that of steel is 𝐸𝑠 . A load is transmitted to the column through a
rigid plate so that the deflection of the concrete is equal to that of the steel. Given
𝑃, 𝐴𝑠 , 𝐴𝑐 , 𝐸𝑠⁡ and⁡𝐸𝑐 the shortening or deflection of the column is:
A. [𝑃 × 𝐿/(𝐴𝑐 𝐸𝑐 + 𝐴𝑠 𝐸𝑠 )] C. [𝑃 × 𝐸𝑠 /(𝐴𝑐 𝐸𝑐 + 𝐴𝑠 𝐸𝑠 )]
B. [𝑃 × 𝐸𝑐 /(𝐴𝑐 𝐸𝑐 + 𝐴𝑠 𝐸𝑐 )] D. none of the list
28. In built up sections, intermediate stiffeners are required when the value of this ratio is exceed e.g.,
ratio greater than 260 for the unstiffened webs:
A. h/t C. L/r
B. d/t D. b/t
29. A thin walled cylindrical shell has an internal diameter of 2 m and is fabricated from plates 20
mm thick. The tensile strength of the plates is 400 N/mm2 . The factor of safety is 6, Young’s
modulus is 200,000 N/mm2, and Poisson’s ratio µ = 0.3. Calculate the safe pressure ion the shell?
A. 0.33 N/mm2 C. 3.33 N/mm2
B. 1.33 N/mm2 D. none in the list
30. A system is composed of subsystem A and two subsystem B. Subsystem A is connected in series
to the two subsystem B which are connected in parallel. The reliability of system A is 0.95 and the
reliability of each system B is 0.80. The reliability of the system is:
A. 0.04 C. 0.91
B. 0.76 D. none of the list
31. A rectangular footing 2 m by 1.5 m carries a vertical load of 500 kN and moment of 100 kN-m in
the longer direction of the footing. What is the maximum soil pressure under the footing?
A. 353 kN/m2 C. 267 kN/m2
B. 3000 psf D. 533 kN/m2
32. In general, tension and compression on extreme fibers of non-compact hot rolled or built up
members, symmetrical about and loaded in the plane of their minor axis is:
A. 𝐹𝑏 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 C. 𝐹𝑏 = 0.70𝐹𝑦
B. 𝐹𝑏 = 0.75𝐹𝑦 D. 𝐹𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
33. Standard penetration resistance is:
A. Number of blows to drive a standard pile with a standard weight by 6 in.
B. Number of blows to drive a split spoon sampler to obtain an undistributed 6” sample.
C. The number of blows to 140 lb. weight falling 30 in. to drive 2 in. OD, 1-3/8 in. D,
sampler by 1 ft.
D. None in the list
34. In general, tension and compression on extreme fibers of compact hot rolled or built up members,
symmetrical about and loaded in the plane of their minor axis is:
A. 𝐹𝑏 = 0.40𝐹𝑦 C. 𝐹𝑏 = 0.60𝐹𝑦
B. 𝐹𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 D. 𝐹𝑏 = 0.75𝐹𝑦
35. A strip of steel 1 mm thick is bent into an area of a circle radius 1.0 m E is equal to 200 GPa, the
maximum bending stress is:
A. 100 MPa C. 200 MPa
B. 50 MPa D. None in the list
36. The shear capacity V if a steel wide flange section, 600 mm deep whose web is 9 mm thick, is
closest to: (Assume 𝐹𝑦 = 200⁡MPa)
A. 486 kN C. 432 kN
B. 864 kN D. 684 kN
37. The required stirrup spacing for a 10 mm diameter ties in a reinforced concrete beam with beam
depth of 800 mm to carry the net shear of 83.8 kN, if 𝐹𝑦 = 200⁡MPa, is nearest to:
A. 170 mm B. 120 mm
 C. 300 mm D. 100 mm
38. The ultimate strength 𝑀𝑢 of a rectangular reinforced concrete beam, with steel strength 𝐹𝑦 =
250⁡MPa, concrete strength 𝑓′𝑐 = 40⁡MPa, reinforced with 10 40 mm diameter bars, 𝑑 =
930⁡mm, 𝑏 = 400⁡mm ios nearest to __ in kN-m.
A. 1860 C. 2300
B. 1944 D. 1640
39. The steel ratio of the 9mm spiral reinforcement for a round column 600 mm in diameter, 𝑓𝑦 =
200⁡⁡MPa, 𝑓′𝑐 = 30⁡MPa is: (Assume concrete cover of 80 mm.)
A. 0.022 C. 0.036
B. 0.032 D. 0.042
40. A two continuous beam is to be designed using the Plastic Method of Analysis. The first span is
8.0 m long, and the adjacent span is 5.0 m long. Both spans are loaded with a uniform load of 30
kN/m including its own weight. The shorter section span carries a concentrated load of 40 kN at
its center. Using a load factor of 1.75, what is the Plastic Moment capacity MPa?
A. 280 kN-m C. 180 kN-m
B. 320 kN-m D. 300 kN-m
1. This element is added to the steel to make the steel corrosion resistant. When this element is more
than 16%, the material is called stainless steel.
A. aluminum C. brass
B. zinc D. chromium
2. When the super elevation is not adequate to the speeds permitted, it is known as:
A. Momentum gradient C. Inadequate under-elevation
B. Equilibrium under-elevation D. Can’t deficiency
3. From a waterfall, water is falling down at the rate of 100 kg/sec on the blades of a turbine. If the
high of the fall is 100 m, the power delivered is;
A. 10 kW C. 1000 kW
B. 98.10 kW D. 10,000 kW
4. It is the clear distance ahead of the driver. It depends on the time of perception, time of reaction,
and the time of break application.
A. swerving distance C. safe stopping distance
B. over taking sight distance D. oversight distance
5. Refers to the berthing place for shipping vessels, which is constructed parallel to the waterfront.
A. pier C. quarry wall
B. wharf D. sea-wall
6. Refers to the vertical distance between normal water level and the crest of the dam or the top of
the flume.
A. overflow factor C. free board
B. overtop D. freelodge
7. A flat bar 50 mm by 6 mm in cross section is bent by a couple such that the maximum stress in
the section is 162 MPa. If the modulus of elasticity of the material is 200,000 N/mm2 , the radius
of curvature of the bar is:
A. 370 m C. 3.70 m
B. 37 m D. 3,700 m
8. A structural steel I-beam is subjected to a shear of 90 kN. The top and bottom flanges are 12 mm
by 150 mm, while the web is 9 mm by 300 mm. the average shearing stress is V/d𝑡𝜔 or 33.33
MPa. The moment of inertia I of the section is 108 × 106 ⁡mm4and the first moment of the area Q
above the neutral axis is 382,050 mm3 . However, the maximum shearing stress is:
A. 35.37 MPa C. 33.33 MPa
B. 14.29 MPa D. 7.77 MPa
9. The structural steel I-beam supporting a floor carries a floor load of 4.6 kN/m3 . The beams span
6.0 m and are simply supported at their ends. Determine the centerline spacing if the allowable
stress in the beam is 120 MPa and the section modulus is 534 × 103 ⁡mm3.
A. 3.75 m C. 4.0 m
B. 3.45 m D. 3.0 m
10. A flat steel bar is 75 mm wide, 9mm thick and 1.2 m long. It is bent by two equal couples applied
at the ends such that the midpoint deflection is 40 mm. Determine the magnitude of the couples.
Assume E=200 000 MPa.
A. 2001 N-m C. 202.5 N-m
B. 1414 N-m D. 707.6 N-m
11. The commercial size designation of width and depth, in standard sawn lumber and glued
laminated lumber grades somewhat larger than the standard net size of dressed lumber.
A. nominal size C. normal size
B. rough size D. dressed size
12. According to the prevision of NSCP on timber connections and fastenings, the end distance in
terms of bolt of timber member in tension is:
A. 5 times C. 4 times
B. 6 times D. 3 times
13. The equivalent spring stiffness 𝑘𝑒 for two springs 𝑘1 and 𝑘2 in parallel is:
A. 𝑘𝑒 = 1/𝑘1 + 1/𝑘2 C. 𝑘𝑒 = 𝑘1 + 𝑘2
B. 1/𝑘𝑒 = 1/𝑘1 + 1/𝑘2 D. 𝑘𝑒 = 1/𝑘1 + 1/𝑘2
14. A portal frame with equal column height carries a uniform load ω on the horizontal member. The
columns are pinned at the supports. Determine the indeterminate horizontal reaction at the
support if the uniform load is 12 kN/m, the height of the column is 6 m and the horizontal
member is 9 m. Assume EI of the columns and the beams are equal. Neglect sidesway.
A. 0.115 kN C. 0.46 kN
B. 0.934 kN D. 0.23 kN
15. A 20 N weight is supported by two springs in series. The first spring has a stiffness of 1.0 N/mm,
and the second spring has a stiffness of 2.0 N/mm. the natural period of vibration is (Use ø =
9⁡804⁡mm/sec 2)
A. 1.15 sec C. 0.35 sec
B. 0.75 sec D. 0.55 sec
16. In the free vibration of an undamped multi-degree of freedom system, the solution in matrix
notation is [ [K] - 𝑊 2 [M] ] {a} = {0}
Where:
[K] is the stiffness matrix {a} is the amplitude of motion
[M] is the mass matrix 𝑊 2 is an unknown scalar parameter
Foe a non-trivial solutions, that is the solution for which not all elements of {a} = 0, the
determinant of the matrix is [ [K] - 𝑊 2 [M] ] must be equal to:
A. <1 C. 0
B. 1 D. >1
17. Two beams of equal lengths are placed one on top of the other and carry a total moment of 7.0
kN-m. the bottom beam is 600mm by 150 mm and the top beam is 300 mm by 75 mm. Both
beams are of the same material and length of 6.0 m. The modulus of elasticity is 80 000 MPa.
Determine the moment in the lower beam. Assume the beams are frictionless at the interface.
A. 6.59 kN-m C. 95.6 kN-m
B. 9.65 kN-m D. 59.6 kN-m
18. A rectangular section has a moment of inertia 𝐼𝑥 = 300 × 106 ⁡mm4 and 𝐼𝑦 = 80 × 106 mm4
about its principal axes. Determine the moment of inertia of the section about an axis inclined 45
degrees counter-clockwise which passes through the centroid.
A. 250 × 106 mm4 C. 210 × 106 mm4
B. 190 × 106 mm4 D. 230 × 106 mm4
19. A structural steel section has the following properties:
𝐼𝑥 = 50 × 106 mm4 𝐼𝑦 = 120 × 106 mm4
 𝐼𝑥𝑦 = 75 × 106 mm4 𝐴 = 600⁡mm2
The minimum radius of gyration of the section is:
A. 81.40 mm C. 61.10 mm
B. 72.30 mm D. 90.50 mm
20. A cube of material is subjected to a compressive stress σ on each of its faces. If Poisson’s ratio µ
is 0.25 and modulus elasticity is 250 000 N/mm2 , calculate the value of this stress if the volume
of the cube is reduced by 0.15%. Hint: the volumetric strain = 3 σ (1-2µ)/E.
A. 400 N/mm2 C. 250 N/mm2
B. 300 N/mm2 D. 200 N/mm2
21. The specifications for a job calls for a Class “b” mix with a minimum compressive strength of 3
000 psi at 28 days. The results of 125 compressive tests are tabulated in the following table:

28 day Compressive strength, psi No. of Tests

2800 2
2900 4
3000 6
3100 11
3200 24
3300 37
3400 19
3500 12
3600 6
3700 4
The above tests were obtained by taking 4 samples per day of pouring. If the test results show
that at 95% of the tome, the concrete strength is always beyond 3 000 psi, you as the engineer
can:
A. reduce the number of samples to 2 samples per day
B. change the concrete mix design
C. increase the number of samples to 6 samples per day
D. maintain the number of samples for testing
22. A reinforced concrete T-beam is to be designed for tension reinforcement only. The beam withd
is 250 mm and the effective depth is 400 mm. the flange thickness is 100 mm and its effective
flange width is 900 mm. The applied moment is 300 kN-m. The area of tension reinforcement
required is: Use 𝑓′𝑐 = 20.7⁡MPa and 𝑓′𝑦 = 414⁡MPa.
A. 4 094 mm2 C. 5 105 mm2
2
B. 2 166 mm D. 3 983 mm2
23. The specification for a job calls for a Class “b” mix a minimum compressive compressive
strength of 3 000 psi at 28 days. The results of 125 compressive tests are tabulated in the
following table:
 28 day Compressive strength, psi No. of Tests
2800 2
2900 4
3000 6
3100 11
3200 24
3300 37
3400 19
3500 12
3600 6
3700 4
What is the standard deviation? (Use the mean value 3 290 psi)
A. 831 psi C. 183 psi
B. 0 psi D. 381 psi
24. According to the ACI Code, foe symmetrical T-beam, the effective width b shall not exceed
______ of the span length of the base.
A. 1.0 C. 1/4
B. ½ D. 1/3
25. A soil sample has a void ratio of 0.76 and specific gravity of 2.74 and degree of saturation of
85%. The unit weight is:
A. 9.12 tonnes/m3 C. 12.9 tonnes/m3
B. 2.19 tonnes/m3 D. 1.92 tonnes/m3
26. Soil materials containing vegetable matter, characterized by relatively low specific gravity, high
water content, high ignition loss, and high gas content. Decrease in liquid limit after oven-drying
to a value less than three-quarters of the original liquid limit is a definite indication of this kind of
soil.
A. silt C. clayey silt
B. clay D. organic soil
27. The ratio of the settlement at any time to the final settlement express as percentage is:
A. degree of compaction 𝐶𝐼 C. compression index C
B. degree of compression 𝐶𝑐 D. degree of consolidation U
28. In the soil classification system, D60 of the soil is the particle size such that:
A. 60% of the soil is finer than this size.
B. 60% of the soil is larger than this size.
C. 60% of the soil passes sieve No. 200.
D. 60% of the soil is coarse grained materials.
1 1
29. A 1.0-m3 design mix was proportioned at 1:24:34. Water content was specified at 137 kg per
cubic meter, and cement content is 9 bags per cubic meter (40 kg. per bag of cement). The
specific gravity of cement is 3.15 and that of the fine sand is 2.65 and coarse aggregate is 2.68.
the requirement in kilogram of the fine sand per m3 is:
A. 965 C. 954
B. 1134 D. 681
30. The weight of water expressed as a percentage of the total dry weight of a soil material:
A. dry density C. degree of saturation
B. natural moisture content D. void ratio
31. In a structural plan, o.c. means:
A. off center C. on center
B. verify occularly D. none of the list
32. The specific gravity of the soil is 2.65; the void ratio is 0.5; the wet (saturated) density is:
A. 1389 kg/m3 C. 1970 kg/m3
3
B. 2100 kg/m D. 1938 kg/m3
33. The capacity reduction factor for a reinforced concrete column under axial compression and
bending.
A. 0.85 C. 0.70
B. 0.80 D. 0.75
34. A proposed cantilever is 10 m long and is required to carry a load of 100 kN at midspan. If the
yield stress if mild steel is 300 N/mm2 , determine the plastic section modulus using a load factor
failure of 1.5.
A. 833 300 mm4 C. 2.5 x 106 mm3
3
B. 388 300 mm D. none of the list
35. The maximum thickness of or one way slabs unless deflections are computed if both continuous
is:
A. L/24 C. L/28
B. L/10 D. L/20
36. A precast beam of length L is to be lifted at two points. The two points should be at distance from
the ends so the maximum moment is as small as possible.
A. 0.21L C. 0.50L
B. 0.33L D. 0.50L
37. A simply supported beam of length 7 m has a concentrated couple 𝑀𝑜 of 10 kN-m applied at one
end. The maximum deflection is located at this distance from the applied load.
A. 2.50 m C. 2.95 m
B. 2.252 m D. 2.75 m
38. A propped beam (fixed at one end and simply supported at the other end) has s span L of 6.0 m.
the carries a uniform load w of 600 kN/m throughout the span. Compute the rotation at the simply
supported end.
A. 1 350/ EI C. 5 400/ EI
B. 10 800/ EI D. 2 700/ EI
1. A concrete column height 5 m has a square cross section of side 300 mm. it is designed to support
an axial load of 200 kN. At mid-height, a recess is cut in one face of the column to receive a floor
beam. The cut is 300 mm vertical and 75 mm deep. Calculate the strain energy of the column
produced by the axial load before and after the recess is cut. Use Young’s modulus = 15,000
N/mm2
A. 75.55 N-m before and 74.07 N-m after
B. 74.07 N-m before and after
C. 74.07 N-m before and 75.55 N-m after
D. 75.55 N-m before and after
2. A simple beam length L has a concentrated load of P at a distance a from the left support and b
from the right support. The maximum moment in the beam is:
A. 𝑃𝑎2 /𝐿 C. 𝑃𝑎2 𝑏/𝐿2
B. none in the list D. 𝑃𝑎𝑏/𝐿
3. A shear center of an H section with unequal flanges is located nearer to the bigger flange. If the
smaller flange is 16 mm by 100 mm, the larger the flange is 16 mm by 200 mm, and the web is 9
mm by 284 mm, the distance of the shear center from the center of the bigger flange is:\
A. 284 mm C. 142 mm
B. 33.33 mm D. 252.44 mm
2
4. The yield stress of the level beam is 250 N/mm . The beam must be designed foe a plastic
moment capcity of 288 kN-m. the required plastic section modulus is:
A. 2300 cm3 C. 4600 cm3
B. 1150 cm3 D. 3450 cm3
5. Pin connected members shall be designed to satisfy the limit states of:
i. tension of the effective net area
ii. shear of the effective area
iii. bearing on the projective net area
A. all of the three C. two of the three
B. none of the three D. one of the three
6. This subject involved analytical methods for determining strength, stiffness (deformation
characteristics), and stability of the various members in a structural system:
i. mechanics of materials
ii. strength of materials
iii. mechanics of deformable bodies
A. one of the three C. one of the three
B. two of the three D. all of the three
7. Degree of saturation is:
A. all of these
B. volume of the voids divided by the total volume
C. volume of the voids divided by the volume of the solids
D. volume of the water divided by the volume of the voids
8. An earthquake is usually measured by the magnitude M on the Richter scale. The intensity I of an
earthquake and the magnitude M are related by the formula: 𝑀 = log⁡(𝐼/𝐼𝑜 ) where 𝐼𝑜 is the
intensity of the arbitrary chosen earthquake. The earthquake that hit Kobe, Japan, measured 5.7
 on the Richter scale. The earthquake that hit Baguio, Philippines, measured 7.8. How many times
stronger is the earthquake that hit Baguio?
A. 148 times C. 137 times
B. 126 times D. 37 times
9. In computing the net area for a plate with a bolt hole, width of a rivet or bolt hole shall shall be
taken as ______ mm greater than the nominal dimension of the hole normal to the direction of the
applied stress.
A. 2.40 C. 1.60
B. 1.80 D. 2.00
10. In the design of the beam-columns, structural members, whose loading in compression and
bending are both significant, the AISC specifies 𝐶𝑚 which is a modification or reduction factor
which keeps the estimated moments caused by deflection from being too large. For columns in
frames subjected to joint translation and sideways, or flames that depend upon the bending
stiffness of their members for lateral stability, the value of 𝐶𝑚 is:
A. 0.90 C. 1.0
B. 0.6 – 0.4 𝑀1 /𝑀2 >0.4 D. 0.85
where 𝑀1 /𝑀2 is the ratio of the smaller moment to the larger moment at the ends.
11. These were soils transported by water. Rivers can be transport large quantities of this soi and the
form large plains.
A. colluvial C. residual
B. alluvial D. aeolian
12. In reinforced concrete structural elements, the normal range of the factor of safety which can be
defined as the load factor U divided by the strength reduction factors ‘phi’ are from range:
A. 1.0 to 3.0 C. 1.55 to 2.40
B. 1.5 to 2.5 D. 2.0 to 4.0
13. As per ACI Code the capacity reduction factor of concrete members according to type of stress
for shear and torsion is:
A. 0.85 C. 0.75
B. 0.80 D. 0.70
14. Soils with cohesion can stand vertically without lateral support of no more than the critical height
𝐻𝑐 . The critical height is directly proportional to twice cohesion c of the soil and inversely
proportional to the unit weight and
A. 𝐾𝑎 , the active coefficient of lateral pressure
B. Soils with cohesion cannot stand vertically without lateral support
C. Square root of 𝐾𝑎 , the active coefficient of lateral pressure
D. 𝐾𝑎2
15. An open channel or chute in timber, or steel or reinforced concrete, for carrying water.
A. weir C. canal
B. pipe D. flume
16. Determine the natural moisture content in percent od=f a soil given the following properties:
Plastic limit……………...27
Plasticity index………….29
Liquidity index…………..0.30
 A. 53.7 C. 35.7
B. 73.5 D. 75.3
17. Current assets of the contractor are those that can be converted to cash:
A. within today C. in the lifetime of the firm
B. in less than one year D. in more than one year
18. According to the provision of NSCP on timber connections and fastenings, the edge distance for
perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least ____ times the bolt diameter.
A. 8 C. 2
B. 6 D. 4
19. Calculate the moment applied at the end of a flat steel bar 1.2 m long that will produce a midpoint
deflection of 40 mm. the flat bar is 75 mm wide and 9 mm thick. Use E = 200,000 MPa.
A. 202.5 N-m C. 303.5 N-m
B. 404.5 N-m D. 505.5 N-m
20. This principles states that, if during an increment og=f time the variation of the kinetic and
potential energy of the system is added to the variation of the work done by the non-conservative
forces acting on the system, then the sum of these scalar quantities must be zero.
A. Hamilton’s Principle
B. Principle of Conservation of Energy
C. Newton’s Principle
D. D’ Alembert’s Principle
21. A BW 775 x 287 steel I beam has the following dimensions:
H 775 mm total beam depth
𝑡𝑤 19 mm web thickness
B 360 mm flange width
𝑡𝑤 32 mm flange thickness
The moment of Inertia 𝐼𝑥 about the principal axis as:
A. 375,086 cm4 C. 375,086 mm4
B. 375,086 mm6 D. none in the list
22. Determine the ratio of the pressure against a wall 6 meters high retaining a cohesionless soil
(angle of internal friction φ = 34.75 degrees, the natural moisture content is 10%, and sp. gr. =
2.62), when the water table is on top of the wall and when the water table is below the wall. Void
ratio = 0.5
A. 4.0 C. 3.5
B. 2.47 D. 3.0
23. A short deep cantilever carries a vertically downward load as its free end. Assume the shear stress
is uniformly distributed over the cross section of the beam. Use G = 25000 N/mm2 . If the shear is
25 N/mm2 and the length of the beam is 0.5 m, the deflection due to shear at the free end is:
A. 0.5 mm C. 0.25 mm
B. 1.0 mm D. 0.75 mm
24. The evaporation or extraction of moisture from gree or partially dried wood is called seasoning.
Seasoning methods are:
i. air-dried iii. sun-dried
ii. kiln-dried iv. oven-dried
 A. four of the four C. two of the four
B. one of the four D. three of the four
25. the coefficient of resistant R of a reinforced concrete beam is a defined by the equation:
A. 𝑀⁡𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ⁡𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔) where ω = ρ𝑓𝑦 /𝑓 ′ 𝑐 and m is the capacity reduction factor.
B. 𝑏𝑑⁡𝑓′𝑐 ⁡𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔) where ω = ρ𝑓𝑦 /𝑓 ′ 𝑐 and b and d are the beam dimensions.
C. 𝑀𝑏𝑑⁡𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ⁡𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔) where ω = ρ𝑓𝑦 /𝑓 ′ 𝑐 and b and d are the beam dimensions and m
is the capacity reduction factor.
D. 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ⁡𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔) where ω = ρ𝑓𝑦 /𝑓 ′ 𝑐 .
26. In Shield Metal Arc Welding designation, E70XX, the E denotes the electrode. The next two
indicate the strength in ksi, and the two X’s represent the number indicating:
A. use of the electrode C. method of welding
B. method of welding D. angle of welding
27. ACI Code specified the minimum ratios of reinforcement area to gross concrete area to be
0.00020 for slabs with Grade 40 or 50 deformed bars or 0.0018 for slabs with Grade 60 deformed
bars or welded wire fabric. However, in no case shall the reinforcing bars be placed further than:
A. 5 times the slab thickness or more than 18 inches
B. 6 times the slab thickness or more than 24 inches
C. 7 times the slab thickness or more than 12 inches
D. Two of the following are requirements of the ACI codes to as sure adequate concrete.
28. The strength coefficient of resistance 𝑅𝑛 = (𝑀𝑛 /𝑏𝑑2 ) of a reinforced concrete section where
𝑀 = 𝑓𝑦 /(0.85𝑓′𝑐 ), and 𝜌 = 𝐴𝑠 /𝑏𝑑 is:
A. 1/M [1 – SQRT (1 -2M/𝑓𝑦 ] C. 0.85𝑓′𝑐 ⁡𝑏⁡𝑑
B. 𝜌⁡(M/𝑓𝑦 )𝑑 D. ρ⁡𝑓𝑦 (1 − 1⁄2 ρ𝑀)
29. the soil profile at the site consists of silty sand, underlain by 13.0 m of clay. The ground water
table is at a depth of 2.8 m below the surface. The sand has a unit weight of 19 kN/m3 above the
ground water table and 20.0 kN/m3 below. The clay has a unit weight of 15.7 kN/m3 . The
vertical effective stress at a depth of 11.0 m is:
A. 222 kPa C. 333 kPa
B. 111 kPa D. 444 kPa
30. A 6 m tall cantilever wall retains soil that has the following properties: 𝑐 = 0, φ = 30° and soiol
weight of 19.2 kN/m3 . The ground surface behind the wall is onclined at a slope of 3 horizontal
to 1 vertical, and the wall has moved sufficiently to develop the active condition. Determine the
normal force acting on the back of the wall using Rankine’s theory. Hint: arctan (1/3) = 18°, and
𝐾𝑎 = 0.415.
A. 136 kN/m C. 163 kN/m
B. 361 kN/m D. 316 kN/m
31. Unstiffened structural steel elements subjected to axial compression due to bending shall be
considered as fully effective when the ratio of the width to thickness is not greater than ___ for
compression flanges of beams and stiffeners on plate girders.
A. 200/ √𝐹𝑦 C. 250/ √𝐹𝑦
B. 333/ √𝐹𝑦 D. 625/ √𝐹𝑦
32. The coefficient of expansion of structural steel per degree centigrade is:
A. 0.25 C. 11.25x10−6
B. 0.0000473 D. 0.3
33. As per ACI Code the capacity reduction factor of concrete members according to type of streess
for bearing on concrete:
A. 0.70 C. 0.80
B. 0.75 D. 0.90
34. A propped beam (fixed at one end and simply supported at the other end) has aspan L of 6.0 m.
the beam carries a concentrated moment 𝑀𝑜 at the simply supported end. Where is the location of
the maximum deflection measured from the simply supported end?
A. L/3 C. no deflection
B. L/4 D. L/5
35. A simply supported beam of length 7 m has a concentrated couple 𝑀𝑜 of 10 kN-m applied at one
end. Assume E = 200000 kN/mm2 and 𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 60 × 106 mm4 . The maximum deflection is:
A. 1.31 mm C. 5.26 mm
B. 2.62 mm D. 10.52 mm
36. The differential equation for beam deflections 𝑦(𝑥) can be obtained from 𝑑2 ⁡(𝑦)/𝑑𝑥 2 = 𝑀⁡𝐸𝐼 by
double integration and the application of the boundary condition. A simple beam has the
following boundary condition.
A. 𝑑𝑦 /𝑑𝑥 (0) = 0 and 𝑑𝑦 /𝑑𝑥 (𝐿) = 0
B. 𝑑2 (𝑦)/𝑑𝑥 2 (0) and 𝑑2 (𝑦)/𝑑𝑥 2 (𝐿) = 0
C. 𝑦(0) = 0 and 𝑦(𝐿) = 0
D. 𝑦′(0) = 0 and 𝑦′(𝐿) = 0
37. To resist shrinkage and temperature stresses, the ACT code specifies the following minimum
ratios of reinforcement area to gross concrete area:
i. Slabs where Grade 40 and 50 bars are used to 0.0020
ii. Slabs where Grade 60 deformed bars or welded wire fabric, deformed or plane are used
0.0018
iii. Slabs where reinforcement with yield strength exceeding 413.7 MPa (60 ksi) measured
at yield strain of 0.0035 is used 0.0018 x 413.3/𝑓𝑦
A. all of the three C. two of the three
B. one of the three D. none of the three
38. These soils were transported by wind. These include dunes loess, and volcanic dust deposit.
A. aeolian C. alluvial
B. colluvial D. lahar
39. A conduit for conveying water over long distances: a bridge supporting such a conduit
A. viaduct C. aquifer
B. aqueduct D. aquastat
40. The water cement ratio in concrete is:
A. the ratio of the volume of water to the weight of cement
B. the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of cement
C. the ratio of the volume of water to the volume of cement
D. the ratio of the weight of water to the volume of cement
1. The unit weights of water and concrete in SI units are respectively.
A. 23.56 kN/m3 and 9.802 kN/m3
B. 98.02 kN/m3 and 235.6 kN/m3
C. 9.802 kN/m3 and 23.56 kN/m3
D. 62.4 lbs/ft 3 and 150 lbs/ft 3
2. A timber column 3 m. high has a rectangular cross section, 100 mm x 200 mm, and is reinforced
over its entire length by two steel plates each 200mm wide by 10 mm thick attached to the 200
mm faces. The column is designed to carry a load of 100 kN. The failure stress of the timber is 55
N/mm2 . Check the design using a factor of safety of 3. Use E (timber) = 15,000 N/mm2 and
E(steel) 200,000 N/mm2.
A. design is inadequate; allowable stress in steel exceeded.
B. design is inadequate; allowable stress in timber exceeded.
C. design is adequate
D. design is inadequate; allowable stress in timber and steel exceeded.
3. A simple beam has a span of 5.0 m. the maximum moment in the beam is 69.0 kN-m. The
allowable bending stress is 138 MPa. The required section modulus is:
A. 2.0 × 103 mm3 C. 250 × 103 mm3
B. 9.522 × 106 mm3 D. 500 × 103 mm3
4. A 200-mm by 400-mm concrete beam is prestressed with a final prestressing force of 500 kN at
an eccentricity of 100 mm. below the neutral axis. Determine the maximum moment that will
produce no tension at the bottom fiber.
A. 83.33 kN-m C. 179.99 kN-m
B. 276.65 kN-m D. 96,66 kN-m
5. A cantilever beam having a span L of 6.0 m carries a concentrated load W of 60 kN at midspan.
Compute the end slope at the end. Assume E=200,000 N/mm2 and 𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 60 × 106 mm4
A. 0.090 C. 0.045
B. 0.0225 D. 0.0112
6. A simply supported beam with a span of 6.0 m carries a vertical load that decreases uniformly
from zero at the left end to a maximum value of 9 kN/m. at the right end. The larger reaction
occurs at the right and has a value in kN of:
A. 27 C. 45
B. 18 D. 9
7. The maximum allowable torque in kN-m for a 50 mm diameter steel shaft when the allowable
shearing stress is 81.5 MPa.
A. 3.0 C. 4.0
B. 1.0 D. 2.0
8. A composite beam system is composed of structural steel sections on which a reinforced concrete
floor has been attached. The beams have a span of 8.0 m. and spacing of 2.4 m. The steel section
flange width is 180 mm and the slab thickness is 120 mm. The effective flange width of the
composite section according to AISC specification is:
A. 2.1 m C. 2.4 m
B. 2.0 m D. 2.58 m
9. In construction contracts, the process of intervention, usually consent or invitation, for settling
differences between parties or disputants is known in the industry as:
 A. Arbitration C. Bilateral resolution
B. Adjudication D. Mediation
10. In the design of symmetrical reinforced concrete T-beams, the effective flange width is the
smallest of:
i. One fourth if the beam’s span length
ii. Beam width plus 16 times the slab thickness, and
A. sixteen times the beam
B. clear distance between beams
C. eight time the beam width
D. center to center spacing of the beams
11. The principal reason for covering concrete sidewalk with straw or paper after the concrete has
been poured is to:
A. impact a rough non slip surface to the concrete;
B. shorten the length of time it would take the concrete to harden;
C. prevent people from walking on the concrete while it is wet;
D. prevent excessive evaporation of the water in the concrete.
12. A propped cantilever beam (fixed at one end and simply supported at the other end) has span of
6.0 m. the beam caries a uniform load w of 600 kN/m along the 2.0 m lenght of the span from the
fixed end. Compute the moment at the fixed end.
A. -833.33 N-m C. -333.33 N-m
B. -1200 N-m D. -999.99 N-m
13. The requirement for bundled bars as reinforcement are as follows, EXCEPT:
A. Parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as a unit shall be limited to four in any
one bundle.
B. Bars larger than 32 mm shall not be bundled.
C. Bundled bars shall be enclosed within stirrups or ties.
D. Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall
terminate at one point without any stagger.
14. Two adjacent span 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 of a continuous beam with several spans carry a uniform load 𝑤1
and 𝑤2 on span 1 and 2 respectively. The two spans are supported at A, B and C. For the two
spans under consideration, 𝑀𝑎 is the moment at the left or the first span at A, 𝑀𝑏 is the moment
between the two spans at B, 𝑀𝑐 is the moment at the right of the second span at C. 𝑅𝑎 is the
reaction under 𝑀𝑎 , 𝑅𝑏 ids the reaction under 𝑀𝑏 , and 𝑅𝑐 is the reaction under 𝑀𝑐 . If 𝐿1 = 10⁡m,
𝐿2 = 15⁡m, 𝑀𝑎 = 20⁡kN-m, and 𝑀𝑐 = 25⁡kN-m, and the uniform loads 𝑤1 and 𝑤2 are both 1
kN/m., the moment 𝑀𝑏 is nearest to:
A. -67.5 kN-m C. 166.75 kN-m
B. 101.25 kN-m D. -33.375 kN-m
15. A reinforced concrete beam has the following properties:
Beam width, b ………………………….....320 mm
Effective depth, d …………………………640 mm
Concrete strength, 𝑓′𝑐 …………….………25 MPa
Reinforcing steel, 𝑓𝑦 ……………………...400 MPa
Reinforcing steel modulus, 𝐸𝑠 ……………200,000 MPa
 If the beam is to be designed for a balanced condition, find the required area of steel
reinforcement in mm2.
A. 4162 C. 5273
B. 5549 D. 6384
16. The laboratory results of a soil test are as follows:
US Sieve No. Percentage Passing
No. 4 100.0
No. 10 93.2
N0. 40 81.0
No. 200 55.0
Liquid Limit 45.5
Plastic Limit 17.0
The group index in accordance with AASHTO Classification system:
Hint: 𝐺𝐼 = (𝐹 − 35)[0.2 + 0.005(𝐿𝐿 − 40)] + 0.01(𝐹 − 15)(𝑃. 𝐼. −10)
A. 13.56 C. 11.95
B. 12.61 D. 14.43
17. A liquid mixture of cement and water or of cement, sand and water.
A. grout C. mortar
B. plaster D. all of the above
18. In construction, storage of materials has three principal hazards.
A. variability, difficulty to withdraw, and time of storage
B. quantity, quality and specifications
C. wastage, misappropriation and accidents
D. breakage, weather damage and theft
19. Determine the active pressure per unit length of a vertical cantilever wall 5.5 m high that retains
soil with weight γ (gamma) = 15.0 kN/m3 , soil friction angle φ (phi) = 27° (degrees), and
cohesion c = 12.0 kN/m. Assume that the wall is very rigid such that no tensile cracks occur in
the soil.
1
Note: 𝑃𝑎 = 2𝛾 {ℎ}tan⁡(45 −φ/2)
A. 34.1 kN/m C. 20.2 kN/m
B. 4.31 kN/m D. 14.3 kN/m
20. A structural steel angle 203 x 152 x 25.4 carries a moment of 10 kN-m (about the x-axis). The
longer leg is parallel to the y-axis and the shorter to the x-axis. The inertial properties of the angle
are as follows:
Moment of inertia about the x-axis, 𝐼𝑥 ………………..33.6 × 106 mm4
Moment of inertia about the y-axis, 𝐼𝑦 ………………..16.1 × 106 mm4
Product of inertia, 𝐼𝑥𝑦 ……………………………….. -13.4 × 106 mm4
The stress at point O in MPa which is at x-distance of -41.9 mm and y-distance +135.7 mm from
the centroid is:
A. 44. 92 compression C. 44.92 tension
B. 17.31 tension D. 17.31 compression
21. According to the NSCP, stiffened structural steel elements subject to axial compression or to
uniform compression due to bending as in the case of the flange of a flexural member, shall be
 considered as fully effective when the ratio of width to thickness is not greater than _______ for
flanges of square and rectangular box sections of uniform thickness:
A. 832/√𝐹𝑦 C. 620/√𝐹𝑦
B. 664/√𝐹𝑦 D. 250/√𝐹𝑦
22. A 200 mm by 300 mm wooden section has allowable stress of parallel to the grain of 9 MPa and
allowable stresses perpendicular to the grain of 3 MPa. Determine the allowable compressive
stress in MPa perpendicular to the section inclined at 30 degrees with a line perpendicular to the
grain.
A. 5 C. 6
B. 3 D. 4
23. The maximum shear stress in a circular elastic bar of length L, shear modulus G, with radius r and
polar moment of inertia I, subject to torsion T is:
A. Tr/I C. T I L/G
B. TGI/L D. TGL/I
24. The general solution to a multiple degree of freedom system in free vibration can be expressed in
metric form as [ {𝑘} − 𝜔2 {𝑚}]⁡(𝑎) = 0, where K = system stiffness matrix, M = system mass
matrix, ω = system natural matrix, a = constant to be determinant of the boundary conditions.
For a nontrivial solution, the determinant of the above equation must be equal to zero. The
expansion of the determinant yield a polynomial of n degrees as a function of 𝜔2 , the n roots of
which are:
A. eigen values C. modal vectors
B. modal values D. eigen vectors
25. Steel section for construction are available in a variety of sizes and shapes. The general producers
by which the steel shape is formed are:
i. Hot-rolled iii. Welded
ii. Cold-formed iv. Laminated
A. two of four C. four of four
B. one of four D. three of four
3
26. A saturated soil has a unit weight of 18.85 kN/m and water content of 32.5%. Determine the
specific gravity of the soil.
A. 4.27 C. 7.24
B. 2.47 D. 2.74
27. The differential equation of an undamped single degree of freedom system is:
𝑑2 𝑦
𝑚 2 + 𝑘𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑡
Where m is the mass and k is the stiffness and the general solutions is, 𝑦 = 𝐶⁡sin⁡(𝜔𝑡 + 𝛼) where
ω is the natural frequency
From the above equations the following are applicable:
𝜔
i. 𝐶 = √𝑦𝑜 2 + (𝑣𝑜 /𝜔)2 iv. 𝑓 = 2𝜋
𝑦𝑜 1
ii. tanα = 𝑣 v. 𝑇 = 𝑓
𝑜 ⁄𝜔

iii. 𝜔 = √𝑘⁄𝑚
f is the frequency in cps T is the period in seconds
where 𝑦𝑜 and 𝑣𝑜 are initial displacements and velocity, respectively.
 A. three of the five C. five of the five
B. four of the five D. two of the five
28. A cubic meter of soil in its natural state weighs 17.75 kN, after being dried, it weighs 15.08 kN.
The specific gravity of the soil is 2.70. determione the water content of the original soil sample:
A. 17.7% C. 77.7%
B. 11.7% D. 71.7%
29. The differential equation of motion of a single degree of freedom oscillator given as m 𝑑2 /𝑑𝑡 2 +
𝑘𝑦 = 0, and defining ω = square root (𝑘/𝑚), where m is the mass and k is the spring constant,
the solution is:
A. 𝑦 = 𝐴 cos 𝜔𝑡 + 2 sin 𝜔𝑡 + 𝐵 sin 𝜔𝑡
B. 𝑦 = 𝐴 cos 𝜔𝑡 + 𝐵 sin 𝜔𝑡
C. 𝑦 = 𝐴 cos 2𝜔𝑡 + 𝐵 sin 2𝜔𝑡
D. 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin 𝜔𝑡 cos 𝜔𝑡 + 𝐵 sin 𝜔𝑡 cos 𝜔𝑡
30. The active soil pressure on a retailing wall with height h, for a soil with unit weight γ, cohesion c,
and angle of internal friction φ, can be calculated by the formula.
A. 𝛾ℎ tan(45 − φ/2) + 2𝑐⁡tan⁡⁡(45 − φ/2)
B. 1⁄2 𝛾ℎ tan(45 − φ/2) − 2𝑑ℎ⁡tan⁡⁡(45 − φ/2)
C. 𝛾ℎ tan2 (45 − φ/2) − 2𝑐⁡tan⁡⁡(45 − φ/2)
D. 𝛾ℎ tan(45 − φ/2) + 2𝑐⁡tan⁡⁡(45 − φ/2)
1. In structural steel design, structures carrying liveload which induce impact, the assumed live load
shall be increased sufficiently to provide for it. If not otherwise specified, the increase for
supports of elevators shall be:
A. 50% C. 33%
B. 75% D. 100%
2. This soil test is similar to compression test in concrete cylinder. It is rapid loading test (5 min.)
which may be used to determine peak strength 𝑞𝑢 and the deformation modulus of any soil,
which will cohere enough to retain a given shape usually cylindrical.
A. Shear test C. Consolidation test
B. Unconfined compression test D. Tri-axial test
3. The value of development length, if 𝑓𝑠 is the allowable tensile stress, u = anchorage bond, 𝑑𝑏 =
diameter of the bar is expressed as,
4𝑓𝑠 𝑑𝑏 𝑓𝑠 𝑑𝑏
A. C.
𝑢 𝑢
𝑓𝑠 𝑑𝑏 𝑓𝑠 𝑑𝑏
B. D.
2𝑢 4𝑢
4. A steel rod having a length of 1 m has a cross sectional area of 100 mm2. If it is subjected to an
axial tensile force, compute the stiffness of the rod with a modulus elasticity of 200 000 MPa.
A. 20 kN/mm C. 5 x 10−7mm/kN
B. 0.0005 mm/kN D. 20 x 103 kN/mm
5. A simple beam having a span of 10 m. is subjected to a couple at the right support. At what
distance from the right support will the maximum deflection occurs?
A. 5 m C. 0
B. 5.5 m D. 4.23 m
6. Gradation characteristics (percentage grains size, coefficient of uniformity, coefficient of
curvature) are used for:
A. Estimating degree of freedom
B. Computation of ultimate settlement or swell in consolidation analysis.
C. Drainage, seepage, consolidation
D. Classification, estimating permeability and unit weight filter design and grout selection.
7. A metal specimen with 36 mm diameter and has length L = 360 mm. A force of 300 kN elongates
the length by 1.2 mm. What is the elastic modulus?
A. 88420 MPa C. 176839 MPa
B. 199999 MPa D. 198763 MPa
8. A wooden log is to be used as a footbridge to span 3-m gap. The log is required to support a
concentrated load of 3 kN at midspan. If the allowable stress in shear is 0.7 MPa, what is the
diameter of the log that would be needed? Assume the log is very nearly circular and the bending
stresses are adequately met. Hint: the centroid of a half-circular section is 4r/3𝜋 and I of a circle
is 𝜋𝑟 4 /4.
A. 191 C. 135
B. 157 D. 146
9. Web beams and welded plate girders shall be so proportioned that the compressive stress at the
web toe of the fillets resulting from concentrated loads not supported by bearing stiffeners, shall
not exceed 0.75 𝐹𝑦 . If R is the concentrated load or reaction in Newton, t is the thickness of the
 web in mm, N is the length of bearing (not less than k for end reactions) in mm and k is the
distance from the outer face of the flange to web toe of fillet in mm. the governing formula for
interior load is:
𝑅 𝑅
A. 𝑡(𝑁+2𝑘)
≤ 0.75𝐹𝑦 C. 2𝑡(𝑁+𝑘)
≤ 0.75𝐹𝑦
𝑅 𝑅
B. 2𝑡(𝑁+2𝑘)
≤ 0.75𝐹𝑦 D. 𝑡(𝑁+𝑘)
≤ 0.75𝐹𝑦
10. Settlement of building on clay is ______ when compared to sand
A. it depends C. slower
B. the same D. faster
11. The shear force 𝑆𝑎𝑏 at a section Z of a cantilever beam of length L with a uniform load W is
𝑆𝑎𝑏 = 𝑤(𝐿 − 𝑍) where Z is the distance of the section from the fixed support. The bending
moment at that section is:
A. - 0.5𝑤(𝐿 − 𝑍)2 C. −𝑤𝐿2 ⁄2
B. -𝑤𝑍 2 /4 D. - 0.25 𝑤𝐿2
12. The numbers of independent displacement components describing the motion of a system is:
A. degree of freedom C. Polar coordinates
B. all of the list D. orthogonal coordinates
13. Unit weight of concrete is:
A. 9.81 kN/m3 C. 27.8 kN/m3
B. 23.56 kN/m3 D. 1000 kg/m3
14. A reinforced concrete spiral column having a diameter of 500 mm caries an ultimate load 𝑃𝑢 =
5000⁡kN. If 𝑓′𝑐 = 25⁡MPa, 𝑓𝑦 = 400⁡MPa, find the number of 28 mm-diameter bars. Use φ =
0.75.
A. 22 C. 20
B. 16 D. 18
15. Fixed ended beams, both ends are fixed has a _____ degree if indeterminacy.
A. 2 C. 3
B. 0 D. 1
16. In design of reinforced concrete braced column members, the factor relating the actual moment
diagram due to end moments 𝑀1 and 𝑀2 only (𝑀1 ≤ 𝑀2 ) to an equivalent uniform moment
diagram is termed 𝐶𝑚 . If 𝑀1 = 0.5⁡𝑀2 , 𝐶𝑚 is equal to:
A. 0.20 C. 0.8
B. 0.40 D. 0.6
17. The location of the maximum shearing stress in structural steel rolled section is at the:
A. uniform across section C. web neutral axis
B. web junction of web and flange D. Flange junction of web & flange
18. An equation of dynamic system whose roots are natural frequencies of the system:
A. uncoupled equation C. Duhamel equation
B. characteristics equation D. Hamilton’s equation
19. In dynamic analysis, an equation where there roots are the natural frequencies:
A. Laplace equation C. coupled equation
B. characteristics equation D. LaGrange equation
20. Minimum concrete cover requirement to protect the tendons and reinforcing bars depends on:
A. NOTA
 B. Fire resistance
C. Fire resistance and exposure conditions
D. exposure conditions
21. Simple beam with elastic constants EI and length “L” supports a machine foundation at midspan.
Neglecting beam weight, the stiffness coefficient of the beam in a dynamic analysis is:
A. 48EI/𝐿3 C. 12EI/𝐿3
B. 3EI/𝐿3 D. 96EI/𝐿3
22. The establishment of safe working practices and conditions of the project, the communication of
these safety requirements to all project personnel, the maintenance of safety records, and the
enforcement of these requirements is a function of construction engineering and is known as:
A. Occupation hazard and safety C. Project safety
B. Project rules and regulations D. Field admin. and management
23. The critical hydraulic gradient is at which the effective stress becomes zero is:
A. (G – 1) / (1 + e) C. (G +1) / (1 – e)
B. (1 – e) / (G + 1) D. (1 + e) / (G – 1)
24. According to AISC, the minimum 𝐴𝑔 must ≥ 𝑇/(0.6𝐹𝑦 ) where 𝐹𝑦 is the yield strength of steel
and T is the load. Given the ultimate strength 𝐹𝑢 , the same specifications required area 𝐴𝑢 ≥:
A. 𝑇/0.6𝐹𝑦 C. 𝑇/0.65𝐹𝑢
B. 𝑇/0.50𝐹𝑢 D. 𝑇/0.55𝐹𝑢
25. Coefficient of expansion of steel per degree Centigrade is
A. 0.000005 C. 11.250 x 10−6
B. 0.0025 D. 0.00125
26. Stress tensor contains the following independent stresses:
A. 3 normal stresses + 3 shearing stresses
B. 6 normal stresses + 3 shearing stresses
C. 3 normal stresses + 6 shearing stresses
D. 6 normal stresses + 6 shearing stresses
27. AB and BC are 2 spans of fully continuous beam. AB is 10 m. long carries a concentrated load of
10 kN applied 5 m. from B, BC is 15 m. long and carries a concentrated load of 20 kN applied 9
m. from B. if 𝑀𝐴 = −20 kN-m and 𝑀𝐶 = ⁡ −25 kN-m, find the moment at B.
A. 132.01 C. 34.24
B. -22.32 D. 88.56
28. For soil with relative densities between 65 to 85 percent, the state of packing is:
A. medium C. very loose
B. loose D. dense
29. A type of beam failure initiated by crushing of the concrete. At this point the steel strain 𝜀𝑆 will
be less than yield strain 𝜀𝑦 . Hence, the steel stress will be lower than its yield strength. This type
of failure occurs when there is more reinforcement than required for balanced condition.
A. cracked section C. balanced section
B. under-reinforced section D. over-reinforced section
30. The series of interconnected activities through the network for which an activity has a zero float
time. It determines the minimum time to complete a project.
 A. activity
B. event
C. critical path
D. network

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

1. The general relationship between stress and strain is frequently referred as:
A. Hooke's law C. characteristic equation
B. constitutive relation D. strain hardening relationship
2. The plastic design and analysis, a steel frame subjected to a loading may fail by different
types of collapse mechanism. The collapse mechanisms are as follows:
i. Beam mechanism
ii. Panel mechanism
iii. Gable mechanism
iv. Joint mechanism
v. Combined mechanism
A. three of the five C. all of the five
B. two of the five D. four of the five
3. A specimen of moist clay has a mass of 183.4 grams. After oven drying the mass is reduced
to 157.7 grams. Determine the moisture content of the soil.
A. 16.3% C. 43.9%
B. 33.8% D. 37.2%
4. The rotation or twist in degrees of shaft, 800mm long subjected to a torque of 80 N-m,
20mm in diameter and shear modulus G of 80,000 MPa is:
A. 3.03 C. 2.92
B. 4.04 D. 1.81
5. A footing is 2.40 m by 1.50 m. The total load P of 1000 KN on the footing has an eccentricity
of 0.40 m in the direction of the longer direction. Determine the maximum soil pressure at the
base.
A. 454 kN/m2 C. 556 kN/m2
B. 893 kN/m2 D. 652 kN/m2
6. The shear strength v, of a beam cross section, given concrete strength f width of beam b and
effective depth d is:
A. 0.17𝜌, bd
B. 0.17 sqrt (𝜌)bd where sqrt means square root
C. ½ (𝜌), bd
D. 2 sqrt (𝜌) bd where sqrt means square root
7. Effective stress in soils is the difference between:
A. overburden stress and the seepage stress
B. total stress and the overburden stress
C. total stress and the impact stress
D. total stress and the pore water pressure
8. A W410x74.4 supports a slab with a thickness of 150 mm. The effective width of the slab was
computed to be 2000 m. The structural steel section of composite system has the following
properties:
 Beam depth, d = 413 mm
Flange width, bf = 180 mm
Cross-section area, A = 9480 𝑚𝑚2
Moment of inertia, I = 274.3x106 𝑚𝑚4
Where is the new location of the neutral axis from the top of the slab in mm. Use n=10 to
transform the area of concrete to steel.
A. 234.50 mm C. 562.43 mm
B. 142. 59 mm D. 152.20 mm
9. A concrete beam of rectangular cross section , 120 mm x 300 mm is to be reinforced by six
high tensile pre stressing tendons each having a cross sectional area of 300 𝑚𝑚2 . If the level
of pre-stress in the tendons is 150 MPa and d the reinforced beam is subjected to an axial
tensile load of 150 KN, determine the final stress in the concrete assuming that the ratio
elastic modulus of steel to that of concrete is 15.
A. 1/𝐴𝑡 ⁡ × ⁡ (𝐹 + 𝐴𝑡 𝐸𝑐 + (𝐴𝑐 𝐸𝑐 + 𝐴𝑡 𝐸𝑡 ) × 𝑃)
B. None of in the list
C. 𝐿/(𝐴𝑐 𝐸𝑐 + 𝐴𝑡 𝐸𝑡 ) × 𝑃⁡
D. 1/𝐴𝑐 × (𝐹 − 𝐴𝑐 𝐸𝑐 /(𝐴𝑐 𝐸𝑐 + 𝐴𝑡 𝐸𝑡 ) × 𝑃)
10. A cube meter of soil in its natural state weighs 17.75 KN. After oven drying weighs 15.08 kN
and has a specific gravity of 270. Determine the void ratio of the soil.
A. 0.77 C. 0.66
B. 0.67 D. 0.76
11. A vertical wall retains cohesion less soil which has a unit weights of 14 KN/𝑚3 , and angle of
internal friction phi of 26 degrees. If the wall is 65 m high, what is the total active soil
pressure in KN on the wall? Assume one meter length of wall.
A. 70.33 C. 68.33
B. 26.33 D. 78.56
12. A tied column is subjected to axial load and end moments. The conditions of the column are
as follows:
Unsupported length, Lu = 5m
Effective length factor, k = 0.90
Flexural rigidity, EI = 7500x109 N-𝑚𝑚2
Magnification factor, δ = 1.20
Moment magnifying coefficient, Cm = 0.5.33
Determine the ultimate load P that the column n can carry. Use (∅) = 0.70
A. 1896 C. 1521
B. 1422 D. 1776
13. The property of a body as an aircraft rocket or ship to maintain its altitude or to resist
displacement and, if displaced, to develop forces and movement tending to restore the original
condition is?
A. momentum C. velocity
B. inertia D. all in the list
14. 1In the national building code live load reduction are not allowed for
A. roofs C. balconies
B. storage warehouse D. places of public assembly
15. The electrode numbering system established by the American Welding Society and the
American Society of Testing and Materials is of the form
Exxxbc
 E is the electrode, and xxx indicates the:
A. ultimate tensile strength of the plate metal
B. ultimate tensile strength of the
C. suitability of welding position which may be flat, horizontal, vertical or oven head
D. current type, either AC of DC straight polarity, or DC reversed polarity
16. A simply supported beam 400mmx80mmm and span of 10 m, is restressed by a straight
tendon with a force of 1200 KN at an eccentricity of 200 mm from the centroid. The beam
supports a total weight of 40 KN/m including its own weight. Calculate the stress at the top
fiber.
A. 11719 KN/𝑚2 C. 7031 KN/𝑚2
B. 4867 KN/𝑚2 D. 9375 KN/𝑚2
17. The one with the highest bearing capacity?
A. compact and dry coarse sand C. hard rocks
B. hard clay D. compact and dry coarse sand
18. All engineering systems possess damping and are therefore called non-conservative system
since energy is being dissipated by damping forces. The effect of damping is:
A. to increase the period of natural frequency
B. to make the resonant frequency more than the value without damping
C. to eliminate the resonant frequency
D. to increase the period of natural frequency
19. The direct shear applies normal and shearing forces on plane surface within the sample to
obtain stress deformation plots and the strength characteristics. This type of direct shear stress
is a slow test which permits the water content of even a fully saturated soil with low
permeability to adapt almost completely to the change in stress.
A. undrained test C. drained test
B. consolidated-drained test D. consolidated-undrained test
20. A steel beam 20 m long carries a uniformly distributed load of 36kN/m throughout the span.
It is simply supported at its end and at its center (a two 3.6 m span continuous beam). If the
shear (reaction) at the end support is 48.6 KN, the maximum positive moment is developed at
this distance from the end support.
A. 4.67m C. 2.45m
B. 3.56m D. 1.35m
21. The allowable capacity of a 10-mm thick fillet weld, E60 electrode (Fu = 415 MPa) is:
A. 1100 N/mm C. 1250 N/mm
B. 1000 N/mm D. 880 N/mm
22. Based on the AISC Specifications, the effect of net area Ae at the root of the thread of a
threaded tension member is Ae = 0.7854(D-0.9743/n)^2 where D is the nominal outside
diameter of the threads and n is the number of threads per 25.4 mm. If the load is 250 kN and
the number of threads per inch of the threaded tension member is 4, Fy = 250 MPa. The
diameter sufficient to carry the load is :
A. 66mm C. 70mm
B. 60mm D. 55mm
23. The strength reduction factor for reinforced concrete member under flexure , without axial
load is:
A. 0.75 C. 0.85
B. 0.90 D. 0.70
24. The structural design and analysis for lateral forces, the lateral forces K for buildings and
other structures depends on the type of structure. For building with dual bracing systems
consisting of a ductile moment resisting frame and shear walls, the value of K is:
A. 1.00 C. 0.67
B. 1.33 D. 0.80
25. This is the force which acts on a mass of one gram that produces an acceleration of one
centimeter per Second Square.
A. Newton C. Dyne
B. Horsepower D. Pascal
26. Given the following beam properties:
d = effective depth of beam h = total beam
b = width of beam a =β1c
As= Area of tension steel reinforcement
fy = yield stress of tension reinforcement
f’c = compressive strength of concrete at 28 days depth a=beta,c
β = 0.85 for f’c of 30 MPa, decreases for increase in f’c
l = location of neutral axis from the top compression force
The steel percentage is defined as :
A. As/bh C. As/100
B. As /bd D. As /ab
27. The AISC allowable tension stress of members except pin-connected members are 0.60 Fy for
gross section area or 0.50 Fu for net section area. On the section area across the pinhole of an
eyebar, the allowable AISC stress in terms of Fy is :
A. 0.55 C. 0.60
B. 0.45 D. 0.65
28. The best way to check if the results of a computer structural analysis is correct is to check for
equilibrium , stress strain relationship , and :
A. compatibility C. deflection
B. yield stresses D. re-analyze
29. According to the provision of NSCP on wood, when the duration of the full maximum load
does not exceed seven days duration, the allowable unit stress shall be increased by :
A. 15% C. 33.33%
B. 100% D. 25%
30. The reinforced concrete beam has the following properties :
Beam width, b = 320mm
Effective depth , d = 640mm
Concrete strength , f’c = 25 MPa
Reinforcing steel strength , fy = 400 MPa
If the factored shear force at the critical section is 200,000 N , compute the nominal shear
carried by the shear reinforced in KN according to the ACI Specifications : Hint : 1= 1/6
times the square root off times d use beta= 0.85
A. 64.6 kN
B. 97.9 kN
C. 75.8 kN
D. 86.8 kN
1. A steel plate is 360 mm wide and 20 mm thick with four bolt holes cut into a plate as shown in
figure ST-3. The general expression for the specification method for computing the net area is:

An = T [ B – summation (H) + summation (S2 / 4g) ]

Where T = thickness of the plate , B is the width , H = diameter of the holes,

S = pitch and g = gage.

Which of the following most nearly gives the critical net area (An) of the section in accordance with
the 1992 National Structural Code of the Philippines:

A. An = 4125 sq. mm. C. An = 4625 sq. mm.

B. An = 5625 sq. mm. D. An = 5125 sq. mm.

2. A soil non plastic if the Liquid Limit (LL) is less than:

A. 90 C. 50

B. 70 D. 20

3. Section 5.10.3.2 and 5.10.3.3 of the 1992 National Structural Code of the Philippines states as
follows:

5.10.3.2 Balanced strain conditions exist at a cross-section when tension reinforcement

reaches the strain corresponding to its specified yield strength fy just as the concrete in compression
reaches its assumed ultimate strain of 0.003.

5.10.3.3 For flexural members, the ratio of reinforcement (𝜌) provided shall not exceed 0.75
of the ratio (𝜌b) that would produce balance strain conditions for the section under flexure without
axial load.

A singly-reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 400 mm,
concrete strength is 24 MPa and steel yield strength is 340 MPa. Which of the following mist nearly
gives the maximum allowable steel area (As), in accordance with the 1992 National Structural Code of
the Philippines, Strength Design Method?

A. As = 2,930 sq. mm. C. As = 2,530 sq.mm.

B. As = 1,730 sq. mm. D. As = 1,490 sq. mm.

4. A 2-N weight is swung in a vertical circle of 1 m radius at the end of the cable that will break if the
tension exceeds 500 N. Which of the following most nearly gives the angular velocity (𝜔 ) if the
weight when the cable breaks:

A. 𝜔 = 49.4 rad/ s C. 𝜔 = 24.9 rad/ s

B. 𝜔 = 37.2 rad / s D. 𝜔 = 58.3 rad /s

5. A beam is fixed at both ends and has an internal hinge along the span. Classify the beam as either
unstable, statically determinate or statically indeterminate (and degree of indeterminacy). Assume
loads can act anywhere and in any direction on the beam.

A. Statically indeterminate ti the first C. Statically indeterminate to the second

degree degree

B. Unstable D. Statically determinate

6. A projectile is launched at a given angle and hits the ground at a point 2m lower than that of the
origin. The maximum height if it flight is 3 m and is attained 8m away from the origin. Which of the
following most nearly gives the value of the total horizontal distance travelled (R).

A. R = 28.3 C. R = 18.3

B. R = 12.3 D. R = 23.3

7. The result of a standard proctor test as follows:

Water Content Weight (W) of Moist Soil in Proctor Mold

(%) (grams)
10 1,485
12 1,606
14 1,696
16 1,755
18 1,741
20 1,651
The volume of the mold for this test is 1/30 cu. Feet (946,000 cu. mm). Which of the following most
nearly gives the value of the optimum moisture content (w) of the soil:
A. w = 16% C. w = 8%

B. w = 2 % D. w = 12%

8. Section 5.10.11.5 of the 1992 Structural Code of the Philippines (1992 NSCP) discuss the
provisions for Moment Magnification:

Compression members shall be designed using the factored axial load Pu from a conventional
frame analysis and a magnified factored moment Mc defined by

Mc = 𝛿 b M2b + 𝛿 s M2s

Where:

M2b = value of the larger factored end moment on compression member due to loads that
result in no appreciable sidesway, calculated by conventional elastic frame analysis.

M2s = value of the larger factored end moment on compression member due to loads that
result in appreciable sidesway, calculate by conventional elastic frame analysis.

𝛿 b = Cm / [1- Pu / (0.7Pc)] > 1 (10-7)

 Pc = 𝜋2 EI / (kL)2

Sum (Pu) and Sum (Pc) are the summations for all columns in a storey. For frames nit braced against
sidesway , both 𝛿 b and 𝛿 s shall be computed. For frames braced against sidesway , 𝛿 s shall be taken
as 1.0.

In Eq. (10-7), for members braced against sidesway and without transverse loads between
supports Cm = 0.6 + 0.4 (M1b + M2b) (10-12)

but not less than 0.40.

For other cases, Cm shall be taken as 1.0.

where:

M1b = value of the smaller factored end moment on a compression member due to the loads
that result in no appreciable sidesway calculated by conventional elastic frame analysis, positive if
bent in a single curvature, negative if bent in double curvature.

A rectangular tied concrete column has dimensions of 300 mm × 380 mm. the column length is 4.5 m
and is to be used in a frame braced against sidesway (the effective length factor k can be taken as I
and EI = 34 MN-m2). The column is loaded in a single curvature by the ultimate (factored) moments
of 110 kN-m at its top end and 120kN-m at its bottom end. The column carries factored axial load due
to dead load of 150 kN and 350 kN due to live load. Which of the following most nearly gives the
magnified factored moment (Mc) that will be used to design the steel reinforcement, in accordance
with the 1992 NSCP.

A. Mc = 179 kN-m C. Mc = 158 kN-m

B. Mc = 142 kN-m D. Mc = 120 kN-m

9. A floor is made up of a 150-mm thick concrete slab and 50-mm thick floor finish both of which has
a unit weight of 24 kN / cu.m. The floor also carries a ceiling whose weight is 720 Pa and a live load
of 2400 Pa. The floor is supported by simply supported steel beams with a span of 10 m spaced at
4.6m on centers, with compression flange rigidity attached to the concrete floor. The steel is A36 with
yield strength (Fy) = 248 MPa. The allowable shear stress specified in the 1992 National Structural
Code of the Philippines is 0.40Fy. Considering the weight of the beam, which of the following
sections is the most economic (lightest) section for the given load , assuming that shear stress governs
the design.

A. W 12× 19; beam weight = 278N / m , depth = 309mm, web thickness = 6mm

B. W10×33; beam weight = 484N /m , depth = 247m, web thickness = 7mm

C. BW300×41; beam weight = 407N /m , depth = 300mm, web thickness = 6mm

D. BW300×47; beam weight = 460N /m , depth = 300mm, web thickness = 6mm

10. `The development length (Ld) of a steel reinforcing bar with given stress (Fs) embedded in a
concrete , anchorage bond strength of (u), and diameter of the bar (D) is given by the expression:
 A. Ld = (Fs D) / u C. Ld = (Fs D) / (4u)

B. Ld = (Fs D)/( 2u) D. Ld = (4Fs D) / u

11. A 50 millemeter diameter split barrel sampler is driven into the ground at the base of a cased
borehole by means of blows from 65 kilogram mass hammer falling freely through a distance of 760
millimeters. The sample is driven a total of 450 millimeters into the soil. The number of blows to
driven the final 300 millimeters is recorded. Which of the following is the test best described by this
procedure:

A. Dutch Cone Penetration Test C. Standard Penetration Test

B. Standard Proctor Test D. Vane Shear Test

12. A project has been bid out by the Department of Public Works and Highways. The approved
agency estimate (AAE) is 500 million pesos. The results of responsive bids are as follows:

Bidder A - P 354,368,183.35 Bidder D - P 583,584,369.64

Bidder B - P 639,748,264.45 Bidder E - P 295,638,824.53

Bidder C - P 483,592,536.94 Bidder F - P 385,392,503.81

The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1549 states that no award of contract shall be made to
a bidder whose bid price is higher than the allowable government estimate (AGE) or the Approved
Agency Estimate (AAE). Whichever is higher, or lower than 70% of the AGE. The allowable
government estimate (AGE) is defined as one half the sum of the AAE and the average of all
responsive bids, bids higher than 120% of the AAE or lower than 60% of the AAE shall not be
considered. Whuch of the following gives the bidder to which award can be made:

A. Bidder F C. Bidder E

B. Bidder A D. Failure of Bid

13.The implementing ruls and regulaions of P.D. 1549 states that for a unit price contract , quantity
overruns or underruns of not more than 15% of the estimates per major pay item and 25% per minor
item need not to be covered by a change order provided that the same is authorized by the approving
authority of the contract. The quantities and contract prices of a project are as follows:

Quantity Unit Price (Pesos) Quantity Unit Price

(Pesos)

Item 1 100 1,000 Item 5 1,000 3,000

Item 2 50 10,000 Item 6 400 1,500

Item 3 500 5,000 Item 7 3,000 2,000

Item 4 60 6,000 Item 8 20 25.000

Which of the following need not be covered by a change order:

 A. Decrease in quantity from 50 to 37 for Item 2

B. Decrease in quantity from 1,000 to 650 for Item 5

C .Increase in quantity from 500 to 625 for Item 3

D. Increase in quantity from 20 to 25 for Item 8

14. According to the Implementing Rules and Regulations of P.D. 1549 , to insure the transparency
of the bidding process representatives from the private sector may be members of the Prequalification,
Bid and Award Committee (PBAC) of a government office / agency corporation. One is a
representative from contractor’s association duly recognized by the Construction Industry Authority
of the Philippines and other from any of the following: End-user group or non-government
organization to be designated by the head of office / agency / corporation or association of certified
public accountants or civil engineer duly recognized by the Professional Regulation Commission.
Which of the following is not authorized to be a member of the PBAC:

A. Representative of Road Engineering Asso. Of the Philippines

B. Representative of the Philippines Contractors Association

C. Representative of the Philippines Institute of Civil Engineers

D. Representative of the Philippines Institute of Certified Public Accountants

15. A simply supported beam has a span of 4.5m. the beam is subjected to an axial tensile force of 250
kn and a vertical concentrated load (P) acting at midspan. The member is fully laterally supported for
its entire length. The effect of any bolt holes can be neglected. The beam consists of 2 –
150mm×90mm ×12mm angles, with long legs back-to back and spaced 10mm apart. For this
problem, relevant properties of one 150mm × 90mm × 12mm angle are:

Area (A) = 2751 mm2 , elastic section modulus (Sx) = 0.000063 m3.

Steel is A36, yield strength (Fy) = 248 MPa. The allowable tensile stress Fa = 0.60 Fy and the
allowable flexural stress Fb = 0.66Fy. Neglecting member weight, which of the following nearly gives
the maximum value of the vertical load (P) that the member can support:

A. P = 72kN C. P = 13 kN

. P = 48 kN D. P = 96 kN

16. A block weighing 200 N rests on a plane inclined upwards to the right at a slope of 4 vertical to 3
horizontal. The block is connected to a cable initially parallel to the plane , passing through the pulley
and connected to another block weighing 100 N moving vertically downward. The coefficient of
kinetic friction between the 200 N block and the inclined plane is 0.10. which of the following most
nearly gives the acceleration (a) of the system?

A. a = 2.93 m/sec2 C. a = 1.57 m/sec2

B. a = 0.37 m/sec2 D. a = 3.74 m/sec2

17. A beam 8.5 long is fixed at the left end and supported by a roller at a point 1.5 m from the right
end. There is an internal hinge at a point 2.5 m from the fixed end. The beam is loaded by a clockwise
couple equal to 50 kN-m acting at a point 1 m to the right of the fixed end, a downward concentrated
vertical load equal to 5 kN/m starting at a point 4.5 m from the fixed end up to the right end of the
beam. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum bending moment (M).

A. M = 21.9 kN-m C. M = 32.3 kN-m

B. M = 52.9 kN-m D. M = 72.2 kN-m

18. A rod with cross-sectional area of 100 sq. mm. is stretched between two fixed points such that the
initial tensile load is 10 kN. The rod has a modulus of elasticity (E) equal ti 180 GPa and coefficient
of linear expansion (alpha) equal to 0.00001 m/ m/ degree centigrade. The initial tension is design
such that the rod will have zero stress when there is a certain change in temperature of the rod
environment. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of this temperature change (T):

A. T = 55.6 ℃ C. T = -55.6℃

B. T = -66.6℃ D. T = -76.6℃

19. The preliminary design of roadway established two tangents meeting at the point of intersection
at station 200+130 (meters). The first tangent has an azimuth equal to 69°10´ while the second tangent
has an azimuth equal to 118°43´. A simple horizontal curve with radius equal to 100 m is to be
provided. Which of the following most nearly gives the tangent distance.

A. T = 103 m C. T = 88 m

B. T = 12 m D. T = 46 m

20. Section 5.5.6.2.3 of the 1992 National Structural Code of the Philippines states as follows:

5.5.6.2.3 Strength level of an individual class of concrete shall be considered satisfactory if both
of the following requirements are met:

(a) Average of all sets of three consecutive strength tests equal or exceed f’c

(b) No individual strength tests (average of two cylinders) falls below f’c by more than 3.5
MPa.

The required fc for a project is 28 MPa. The result of four sets of cylinder tests with 5 samples each is
as follows:

Set A Set B Set C Set D

Sample 1 24 28.5 32 21

Sample 2 23.5 26 30.5 24.5

Sample 3 25 32 25 20.5

Sample 4 35 25 25 22

Sample 5 30.5 29 28 20

Which of the above set is acceptable for the project requirements, in accordance with Section
5.5.6.2.3 of the 1992 NSCP:
 A. Set C C. Set B

B. Set A D. Set D

21. the water table in a deposit of silt is lowered from a depth of 3m to depth of 6m. All the silt is
saturated even after the water table is lowered. The water content is 22%. Which of the following
most nearly gives the change in effective pressure (p) at a depth of 12m on account of the lowering of
the water table:

A. p = 15 kPa C. p = 10 kPa

B. p = 25 kPa D. p = 30 kPa

22. A non-prismatic simply supported beam has a total span of 8m. The 4-m long middle section of
the beam has a moment of inertia twice the moment of inertia of the sections beside the supports. The
beam is acted upon by a downward vertical concentrated load at midspan equal to 10 kN. Which of
the following most nearly gives the slope (theta) at a point 2m to the right of the left support (at the
change in cross-section):

A. theta = 15 /EI radians C. theta = 10 /EI radians

B. theta = 20 /EI radians D. theta = 25 /EI radians

23. A ball is shot at ground level at an angle of 60° with the horizontal with an initial velocity of 10
m/s. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum height (h) attained by the ball:

A. h = 2.47 m C. h = 4.61 m

B. h = 3.29 m D. h = 3.82 m

24. A simply supported steel beam has a span of 6m and is subjected to a vertical concentrated load of
150 kN acting at midspan. An allowance of 100% for impact is made for the concentrated load only.
The beam is laterally supported only at the supports. The 1992 National Structural Code of the
Philippines states that the allowance tensile stress for laterally unsupported members subject to
bending is 0.6fy while the allowable compressive stress for laterally unsupported members subjected
to bending is given by the equation:

Fb = [2/3-Fy(L/Rt)2 / 10,550,000 Cb] Fy

Where Cb may be taken as 1.0 since the maximum moments does not occur at the supports. Rt is the
radius of gyration comprising the compression flange and 1/3 of the compression web area, taken
about the axis in the plane of the web.

Steel is A36 with yield strength (Fy) = 248 MPa. Which of the following most nearly gives the most
economic (lightest) section that will limit the flexural stress to the allowable value:

A. W18x76; beam weight = 1108N/ m, R1 = 75mm, Sv = 0.00239 m3

B. W21x62; beam weight = 911N/ m, R1 = 53mm, Sv = 0.0023 m3

C. W24x68; beam weight = 1000N/ m, R1 = 57mm, Sv = 0.00253 m3

D. W27x84; beam weight = 1234N/ m, R1 = 63mm, Sv = 0.0035 m3

 1. a soil sample is placed in a brass box. The soil is gripped by perforated metal grilles and
porous disc are behind the metal grilles to allow the sample ti drain. A vertical load of is
applied to the top of the sample by means of a 500 kilogram weight. While applying the
normal load, a lateral force is gradually exerted on the box using an electrical screwjack. The
Force and the corresponding displacements are recorded during the test.Which of the
following is the test best describe by this procedure:

A. direct shear test C. consolidated drain test

B. Undrained shear test D. Unconfined compression test

2. The results of a grading analysis is the particle size distribution shown in a figure SM-2. Which of
the following most nearly gives the effective grain size D10 of the sample:

A. D10= 0.1 millimeter C. D10= 1 millimeter

B. D10= 5 millimeter D. D10= 9 millimeter

3. A sand layer of the cross-sectional area shown in figure SM-5 has been determined to exist for a
45o meters length of the levee. The coefficient of permeability of the sand layer is 3m/day.Which of
the following most nearly gives the quantity of water (Q) which flows into the ditch

A.Q= 61 liters/minute C.Q=73 liters.minute

B.Q= 47 liters/minute D.Q= 28 liters/minute

SITUATIONAL

Situation 1- A plate with width of 300 millimeters and thickness of 20 millimeters is to be connected
of two plates of the same width with half the thickness by 25 millimeters diameter rivets,as
shown.The rivet holes have the diameter to millimeters larger than the rivet diameter.The plate is A36
steel with yield strength fy= 248 mega pascal,allowable tensile stress of 0.60fy and allowable bearing
stress of 1.35 fy.The rivets are A502, Grade 2, hot- driven rivets with allowable shear stress of 150
megaPascal.See Figure ST-5.

4. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum load, in kilo newtons that can be applied to
the connection without exceeding the allowable tensile stress in plates:

A. 750 C. 700

B. 780 D. 730

5. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum load,in kilo newton,that can be applied to
the connection without exceeding the the allowable shear stress in the rivets:

A. 640 C. 550

B.590 D.700

6. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum load,in kilo newtons that can be applied to
the connection without exceeding the allowable bearing stress between the plate and the rivets:

A. 670 C.620

B. 650 D. 700

Situation 2 –A waste disposal site serves a population of 1000000 and this number is not expected to
change during the next 10 years.Solid waste is collected daily at the rate of 5 kg per person.This
quantity is expected to increase 5% annually. The composition of the solid waste and the fraction of
each component recovered for recycling are:

Fraction in waste Fraction in recoverable

Combustible Materials 50% 60%

Ferrous Materials 8% 90%

Glass 15% 80%

Aluminum 5% 70%

Others 22% 0%

The disposal site sells its recoverable at the following prices:

Combustible materials – P900 per ton.This price is expected to increase at the rate of 4% per year.

Ferrous Materials – P1600 per ton. This price is expected to increase at the rate of 8% per year.

Glass – P800 per ton This price is expected to increase at the rate of 2% per year.
Alluminum – P8000 per ton. This price is expected to increase at the rate of 12% per year.

7. Which of the following most nearly gives the total volume , in tons , of solid waste during the tenth
year:

A. 73,000 C. 86,000

B. 60,000 D. 91,000

8. Which of the following nearly gives the revenue, in millions of pesos ,for the sale of aluminum
during the tenth year:

A. 25 C. 20

B. 30 D. 35

9. Which of the following most nearly gives the total revenue , in millions of pesos , after ten years of
operation:

A.44 C. 32

B. 56 D. 69

Situation 3 – Of the shaded area given in Figure ME-5:

10. Which of the following most nearly gives the area, in square meters:

A. 44 C. 39

B. 26 D. 15

11. Which of the following most nearly gives the X-coordinate of the centroid , in meters:

A. -0.18 C. -0.16

B. 0.16 D. 0.18

12. Which of the following most nearly gives the Y-coordinate of the centroid , in meters:

A, 1.45 C. 2.01

B. 1.76 D. 1.62

Situation 4 – A simply supported beam with span of 8 meters is subjected tpo a uniform vertical
downward load equal to 50 kiloNewtons/meter acting on the plane of the minor axis of the beam
section, which include the beam weight. The beam is restrained against lateral buckling of the top and
bottom flanges for the entire span. The material is A36 still with Fy=248 Mega Pascals and modulus
of elasticity = 200 Giga Pascal. The allowable flexural stress for laterally braced compact section is
0.66 Fy. The allowable deflection is 1/360 of the span. Three compact sections are being considered,
as follows, with their respective properties relevant of this problem ( length units are in meters):

Sections Moment of Inertia (Ix) Beam Depth (D)

W24x55 0.000558 0.598

 W21x62 0.000554 0.533

W21x68 0.000616 0.537

(Note: The symbol x^y means raising the quantity or expression x to the exponent y.)

13. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum section modulus (S,), in meters ^3, such
that the maximum flexural stress will not be exceeded:

A. 0.0018 C. 0.0024

B. 0.0015 D. 0.0021

14. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum moment of inertia (Ix), in meters^4 , such
that maximum deflection will not exceeded:

A. 0.00065 C. 0.00060

B. 0.00050 D. 0.00055

15. Assuming that shear stress is not critical, which of the sections being considered is the most
economic section but is adequate for the given load:

A. W21x62 C. W21x868

B. W24x55 D. None of the sections are adequate

Situation 5- A beam with a shear diagram shown as figure AN-25

16. Which of the following most nearly gives the location of the inflection point from the left support,
in meters:

A. 4.6 C. 3.6

B. 4.2 D. 3.2

17. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum positive bending moments, in
kiloNewtons-meters:

A.20 C.30

B. 10 D. 40

18. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum negative bending moments, in kilo
Newton-meters:

A. 15 C. 25

B. 43 D. 36

Situation 6- A piece of equipment was purchase for P4,000,000. The useful life is estimated at 5 years
with no salvage value. The equipment is estimated to be used 1,000 hours every year. Maintenance
and repair are estimated to be 100% of the annual straight-line depreciation. Fuel consumption is
estimated at 10 meters per hour. Fuel cost is P10/liter. Oil consumption ois estimated at 1 liter/ hour.
Oil cost id P20/liter. Grease consumption is 2 liters/hour. Grease cost P5/liter. The equipment uses 6
tires costing P60,000 each.The estimated life of the tires is 4,000 hours. Cost of money is 15 % per
year. Cost of insurance, taxes, storage,etc. Is 15% per year. The interest table relevant to this problem
is given as figure CO – 4.

19. Which of the following mostly nearly gives the cost of using the equipment, in pesos per hour:

A. 1700 C. 2400

B. 3300 D.1200

20. Which of the following most nearly gives the cost of using the tires, in pesos per hour:

A. 330 C. 120

B. 240 D. 170

21. Which of the following most nearly gives the cost of using the equipment and tires, in pesos per
hour:

A. 2700 C. 1900

B. 1500 D. 3500

Situation 7- Shown in figure ME-26

22. Which of the following most nearly gives the magnitude, in Newtons of the horizontal component
of the force system ( positive to the right):

A. 50 C. -50

B. 25 D. -25

23. Which of the following most nearly gives the magnitude, in Newtons, of the force needed to put
the system in equilibrium:

A. 25 C. 44

B. 50 D. 35

24. Which of the following most nearly gives the angle, in degrees, that the force needed to put the
system in equilibrium makes the horizontal axes ( positive counter clockwise):

A. 45 C. - 135

B. 135 D. – 45

Situation 8 – For the wall footing shown figure RC – 22.

25. Which are the following most nearly gives the effect soil pressure, in kilo Pascal, if the allowable
soil pressure is 200 kilo Pascal ( effective soil pressure is the remaining soil pressure available to
support the wall loads after the effects of the soil and concrete weights are deducted).

A. 330 C. 100
 B. 180 D. 250

26. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum width of the wall, footing, in meters
rounded upward to the nearest 0.10 meter, such that the effective soil pressure is not exceeded:

A. 4.0 C. 2.0

B. 3.2 D. 1.5

27. Using the dimension obtain above, and considering a one – meter strip, which of the following
most nearly gives the ultimate shear due to factor loads, in kilo Newtons, acting on the critical sec tion
for one – way of beam shear:

A. 480 C. 250

B. 550 D. 390

Situation 9- For the column shown in figure RC-16

28. Which of the following most nearly gives the reinforcement ratio in percent, if the eccentricity
e=200 millimeters:

A. 3.3 C. 2.5
B. 1.2 D. 1.8

29. Which of the following most nearly gives the ratio of the center to center spacing of reinforcement
to thee column dimension in the direction of bending :

A. 0.8 C. 0.50

B. 0.75 D. 0.65

30. Using the interaction diagram ( figure RC-15), which of the following most nearly gives the
maximum downward load of the column can support in kilo Newtons:

A. 2,000 C. 3,500

B. 3,000 D. 2,500

Situation 10 – For the beam shown in figure in AN – 42

In equation (1) and (2), the terms are as follows:

Axy = Area of the moment diagram of the given load acting on a simple beam

Xxy = Distance of the centroid of Axy from point x

I = moment of inertia of member

Lxy = span length od member xy

31. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the expression [ ( 6Aab Xab )/ (Iab
Lab)]………… (1)
Representing the contribution of the uniform load and concentrated load acfting on the span ab, to the
three – moment equation of the two span beam:

A. 8,900/I C. 7,400/I

B. 3,800/I D. 6,500/I

32. Which of theb following most nearly gives the value of the expression [ ( 6Aab Xab )/ (Iab
Lab)]………… (2)

Representing the contribution of the triangular distribjujted load acting on the span cb, to the three
moment equation of the two – span beam:

A. 6, 500 / I C. 3,800/5

B. 8,900/I D. 7400/I

33. Which of the following most nearly gives the bending moments in kiloNewton- meters, at
sections across point b.

A. -910 C.- 770

B. – 640 D. – 820
Structural engineering and construction

Situation 1 - A concrete column and footing is shown in figure ES-02. It’s desired to estimate the
required amount of concrete, forms and excavation for its construction. As a usual practice, the
footing can be poured directly without any forms.

1. Which of the following most nearly gives the required volume of excavation in cubic meters?
A. 10 C. 12
B. 15 D. 10
2. Which of the following most nearly gives the required volume of concrete in cubic meter?
A. 4.3 C. 4.6
B. 4.8 D. 4.1
3. Which of the following most nearly gives the required area of plywood needed for the
column?
A. 7.52m2 C. 8.11 m2
2
B. 6.12 m D. 5.85 m2
Situation 2 - Three smooth cylinders, each weighing 500N, is placed inside a smooth box as shown in
the Figure ME-02.

4. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at A:

A. 200N C. 250N
B. 289N D. 272N
5. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at B:
A. 144N C. 175N
B. 125N D. 156N
6. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at C:
A. 712.56N C. 765N
B. 745N D. 750N
Situation 3 - A concurrent force system in space a composed of three force S described as follows:
P1, has a magnitude of 100KN and acts through the origin and points x = 3, y = 4, z = 2. P2 has a
magnitude of 60 KN and acts through the origin and points x = 4, y = 1, z = -2. P3 has a magnitude of
80KN and acts through the origin and points x =2, y = -3, z = 3.

7. Which of the following most nearly gives the X-component of the resultant force?
A. 153 kN C. 142 kN
B. 131 kN D. 112 kN
8. Which of the following most nearly gives the Y-component of the resultant force?
A. 21 kN C. 48 kN
B. 36 kN D. 67 kN
9. Which of the following most nearly gives the Z-component of the resultant force?
A. 62 kN C. 42 kN
B. 36 kN D. 28 kN
Situation 4 - A W16×58 is connected to W8×31 as shown in figure ST-01. The material is a 36
steel with Fy = 248 MPa. The allowable bearing stress is 1.35 Fy. The rivets are A502 grade 2 hot
driven rivets with allowable shearing stress of A16.58 beam board on gross-section. The
properties of the section are:

W 16×58: total depth , d = 403 mm

 thickness of wet , t = 10 mm

W 8×31 flange thickness ,tf = 11mm

10. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum diameter of the rivets without
exceeding, the allowable shearing stress in the rivets?
A. 20 mm C. 23 mm
B. 25 mm D. 28 mm
11. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum diameter of the rivets without
exceeding the allowable bearing stress in steel?
A. 30 mm C. 25 mm
B. 22 mm D. 36 mm
12. Which of the following most nearly gives the required diameter of the rivets?
A. 23 mm C. 30 mm
B. 28 mm D. 25 mm
Situation 5 - the beam is loaded as shown in figure AN-02. Assume EI to be constant

13. Which of the following most nearly gives the fixed end moment at B due to the concentrated
load?
A. 2.2 kN-m C. 3.1 kN-m
B. 4.6 kN-m D. 3.5 kN-m
14. Which of the following most nearly gives the distribution factor at B for member AB in
percent?
A. 62% C. 78%
B. 54% D. 38%
15. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at B in kN-m?
A. -7.62 C. -6.57
B. -5.21 D. -8.97
Situation 6 - The truss shown in figure AN-63 has a uniform cross-sectional area A and modulus of
elasticity E.

16. Taking member BD as the redundant member, which the following most nearly gives the
relative displacement of joint B and D when this member is removed?
A. 72/AE C. 63/AE
B. 98/AE D. 83/AE
17. Which of the following most nearly gives the stress in member BD.?
A. 8.5 kN C. 9.3 kN
B. 5.6 kN D. 6.4 kN
18. Which of the following most nearly gives the stress in member CD?
A. 6 kN C. 8 kN
B. 5 kN D. 9 kN
Situation 7 - In a reinforced concrete beam, b = 300mm, d = 500mm, As = 1500 mm2, n = 8. The
beam is subjected to a bending moment of 70 kN-m. Use working strength design.

19. Which the following most nearly gives the value of k.

A. 0.283 C. 0.328
B. 0.238 D. 0.382
20. Which the following most nearly gives the maximum stress in concrete in Mega Pascal’s.
A. 6.4 B. 7.8
 C. 5.4 D. 8.6
21. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum stress in steel in MegaPascals?
A. 125 C. 105
B. 85 D. 135
Situation 8 - According to section 4.5.1.3.1 of NSCP, on gross section of axially loaded compression
members whose cross-sections meet with the provision of the code when KL/r , the largest effective
slenderness ratio of any unbraced segment is less than C.
𝐾𝐿 2 𝐾𝐿
( ) 𝐹𝑦 5 3( ) 𝐾𝐿
𝐹𝑎 = [1 − 𝑟
2𝐶𝑐 2
⁡] 𝐹𝑆 𝐹𝑆 = +3 8𝐶𝑐
𝑟
+ ( 𝑟 )3 /8𝐶𝑐 2

2𝜋2 𝐸
where Cc = √ 𝐹𝑦
on gross section of axially loaded compression member, where KL/r
exceeds C: F = 12π2E / 23(KL/r)2

A column 3 m long and pinned at both ends is carries an axial load of 190 KN. The column is made
up of 2 angles of unequal legs with long legs back to back and separated by a gusset plate whose
thickness is 11 mm. Use A36 steel with Fy= 248 MPa and E = 200,000 MPa. Three sections are being
considered as follows, with their respective properties relevant of this problem. (Length units are in
meters). Situation 8 - A block weighing 100 KN is pushed by a horizontal force of 100 KN along a
smooth horizontal plane from A to B, 10 m long. The velocity of the block at A is 10m/s. The block is
released at B and passes through an upward circular are BC (tangent to B) of radius 10 m and central
angle 45 degree and along an inclined plane CD tangent to the arc at C.

Section A B C
2L 125 x 75 x 12 0.00454 0.0390 0.0160
2L 150 x 90 x 10 0.00463 0.0480 0.0195
2L 150 x 90 x 12 0.00550 0.0500 0.0251
22. Which of the following section gives the largest allowable compressive stress?
A. 2L.125 x 75 x 12 C. 2L.150 x 90 x 12
B. 2L 150 x 90 x 10 D. Not enough data
23. Which of the following sections gives the smallest allowable compressive stress?
A. 2L125 x 75 x 12 C. 2L.150 x 90 x 12
B. 2L150 x 90 x 10 D. Not enough data
24. Which of the following section gives the most economical section for the given load?
A. 2L125 x 75 x 12 C. 2L150 x 90 x 12
B. 2L150 x 90 X 10 D. Not enough data
Situation 9 – According to Section 5.8.3.3 of the NSCP, in lieu of frame analysis, the following
approximate moments and shears are permitted for design of continuous beams and one-way slabs
provided:
a) There are two or more spans
b) Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two adjacent spans not greater than
the shorter by more than 20 perecent
c) Loads are uniformly distributed
d) Unit live loads does not exceed three times unit dead load, and
e) Members are prismatic.
Positive moment:
End spans
Discontinuous end unrestrained……………………..wulu2/11
 Discontinuous end integral with support………… wulu2/14
Interior spans………………………………………….. wulu2/16
Negative moment at exterior face of first interior support
Two spans……………………………………………...wulu2/9
More than two spans…………………………………...wulu2/10
Negative moment at face of all support for:
Slabs with spans not exceeding 3m; and
beams where ratio of sum of column stiffmess
to beam stiffness exceeds eight at each
end of the span………………………………………… wulu2/12
Negative moment at interior face of exterior support for members built integrally with supports:
Where support is spandrel beam………………………. wulu2/24
Where support is a column…………………………….. wulu2/16
Shear in end members at face of first interior support…….. 1.15wulu/2
Shear at face of all other support………………………….. wulu2/2
Where wu is ultimate load in the beam and lu is the clear span for positive moment or shear and
average of adjacent clear spans for negative moments.
A continuous beam is shown in Figure RC-21. The beams carry a uniform dead load of 10kN/m and
uniform live load of 15 kN/m.
25. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at A in KiloNewton Meter?
A. -110 C. -80
B. -100 D. -90
26. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at A in KiloNewton Meter?
A. -150 C. -180
B. -170 D. -200
27. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at A in KiloNewton Meter?
A. -225
B. -210
C. -235
D. -255
1. For a singly reinforced rectangular beam of width b (mm) and effective depth d (mm), the ultimate
moment in N-mm, 𝑀𝑢 = ∅ f’, bd2 𝜔 (1-0.59𝜔).
The unit for 𝑓⁡′𝑐 and 𝑓′𝑦 is:
A. N/m2 C. ksi
2
B. MN/mm D. MN/m2

2. Which of the following formulas gives the nominal moment capacity of a singly reinforced
rectangular beam:

A. Mn = f’c b d2 𝜔 (1- 0.59𝜔) C. Mn = ∅ f’c b d2 ⁡𝜔 (1- 0.59𝜔)

B. Mn = 0.85 f’c b d2⁡⁡𝜔⁡(1- 0.59𝜔) D. Mn = 0.85 ∅ f’c b d2 ⁡𝜔 (1- 0.59𝜔)

3. Which of the following formulas is used to determine the depth of equivalent rectangular stress block
in a doubly reinforced concrete beam of width tension steel area As, compression steel area A’s, tension
steel stress fy, compression steel stress fs, and concrete stress fc.

A. As fy – A’s f’s C. As fy – A’s f’s

0.85∅ f’c b 0.85 f’c ab

B. As fy – A’s f’s D. As fy – A’s f’s

. 0.85∅ f’c b 0.85 f’c b

4. According to the 1992 NSCP, the basic development length for bars 32 mm and smaller is:
A.25 fy / √𝑓′c C. 3 db fy / 8 √𝑓′c
B.0.02 Abfy / √𝑓′c D. 25 Ab fy / √𝑓′c

5. Which of the following most nearly gives the basic development length for a 25-mm bar width fy = 414
MPa. Use fc = 27 MPa.
A.950mm C. 650 mm
B. 780mm D. 875mm

6. The value of development length, if is the allowable tensile stress, u = anchorage bond db = diameter of
bar expressed as,
A.4 fs db / u C.fs db / u
B. fs db / 2u D. fs db / 4u

7. Which of the following cannot be a graph of an S-curve.

A. Sine curve
B. Straight-line inclined from left to right
C. ¼ of the circle inverted upright
D. ¼ of the circle inverted downward
8. Which of the following is not included in labor estimate?
A. supportive work C. overtime
B. non-productive work D. productive work

9. A suspension cable is supported at A and B,120 m horizontally apart with B higher than A by 15m. A
concentrated load of 100 KN is applied at a distance of 60 m horizontally from A. The cables sags a
distance of 10 m from the chord joining A and B at the center. Determine the horizontal reaction at the
supports.
A.300 kN C.200 kN
B. 400 kN D.500 kN

10. A suspension cable is supported at A and B 120 m horizontally apart with B higher than A by 48 m. A
concentrated load of 100 KN, 200 KN and 100 KN were applied at a distance of 30 m, 60 m and 90 m,
respectively from A. The cable sags a distance of 30 m measured from the chord AB at the point where
the 200-KN load is applied. Determine the horizontal reactions at the supports.
A. 500 kN C.200 kN
B. 400 kN D. 300 kN

11. Two cylinders, one weighing 200 kg/m and has a radius of 200 mm, the another weighing 100 kg/m
and has a radius of 100 mm, is placed inside a smooth vertical rectangular tank 500 mm wide with the
smaller cylinder underneath. Determine the reaction at the sides in kg/m.
A.179 C.152
B. 194 D.250

12. A fixed ended beam, 6 m long carries a uniformly distributed load of 𝜔⁡throughout the entire span. If
the plastic moment capacity of the beam section is 400 kN-m, which of the following most nearly gives
the value of 𝜔 in kN/m.
A. 153 C.178
B. 198 D.204

13. A wide flange section for a 5 m long column has the following properties:

Cross-sectional area = 8000 mm2

Radius of gyration, ry = 100 mm
Radius of gyration, ry = 50 mm
Modulus of elasticity, E = 2000 MPa
Which of the following most nearly gives the Euler critical of the column.
A. 1230 kN C.2140 kN
B. 1970 kN D. 1580 kN
14. A simply supported beam of length L has a rectangular with width b and depth d. The beam carries a
uniformly distributed load over the entire span. The ultimate flexural strength of the beam is Fy. Which of
the following gives the ultimate load for the beam.
A.4 Fy bd2 / L2 C. 3 Fy bd2 / 4L2
2
B. Fy bd / 3L2 D. 4 Fy bd2 / 3l2

15. A flat bar 50 mm wide x 6 mm thick is bent by a couple at the ends such that the maximum stress in
the section is 162 MPa. Determine the radius of curvature of the bar. E = 200 GPa.
A. 37 cm C. 200 cm
B. 3.7 cm D. 2 m

16. A flat bar 75- mm wide 9 mm thick and 1.2 m long is subjected to end moments of 202.5 N-m.
Determine the deflection at midspan. E = 200 GPa.
A. 40 mm C. 25 mm
B. 30 mm D. 60 mm

17. A beam 25-m long is simply supported at one end and at the distance of 5 m from the other end. The
beam carries a uniformly distributed load of 5 kN-m between the supports and concentrated load of 20 kN
at the tip of the overhang, Determine the location of the maximum moment from the left support.
A. 4 m C. 12 m
B. 9 m D. 8 m

18. A simple 6 m long carries symmetrical load that vary uniformly from 12 kN/m at the center to zero at
the supports. Determine the maximum deflection of the beam.
A. 129.6 / EI C. 101.5 / EI
B. 138.8 / EI D. 175.4 / EI

19. A 10-m long simple beam carries a load that varies uniformly from zero at the left support 12 kN/m at
the midspan. Determine the midspan deflection.
A. 450 / EI C. 550 / EI
B. 500 / EI D. 600 / EI

20. A beam 10-m long is fully restrained at both ends. The beam carries a load that varies uniformly from
zero at the left end to 10 kN/m at the right end. Which of the following most nearly gives the location of
the maximum deflection from the left support.
A. 5.247 m C. 3.875 m
B. 4.342 m D. 4.875 m

21. A propped having a span of 6 m carries a uniformly distributed load of 600 kN/m over a length of 2
m from the restrained end. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment in kN-m at the fixed
end.
A. -833.33 C. -966.67
B. 533.33 D. 633.33
22. A propped beam 6 m long carries a load that varies uniformly from 10 kN/m at the fixed end zero at
the simple support. Which of the following most nearly gives the location of the maximum deflection
measured from the simple support.
A. 2.68 m C. 4.12 m
B. 3.42 m D. 1.15 m

23. A propped beam 6 m long carries a load that varies uniformly from 10 kN/m at the fixed end zero at
the simple support. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the maximum deflection.
A. 20.2 / EI C. 36.7 / EI
B. 30.9 / EI D. 42.4 / EI

24. A propped beam 6 m long carries a load that varies uniformly from 10 kN/m at the fixed end zero at
the simple support. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the fixed-end moment.
A. -36 kN-m C. -42 kN-m
B. -18 kN-m D. -48 kN-m

25. A propped beam 6 m long carries uniformly distributed load of 600 kN/m over its entire length.
Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at the fixed end in kN-m.
A. -3600 C. -2400
B. -4200 D. -2700

26. A hallow steel shaft has and outside diameter of 220 mm and inside diameter of 200 mm. Determine
the torque that will cause a stress of 75.5 MPa in the shaft.
A. 80 kN-m C. 50 kN-m
B. 40 kN-m D. 60 kN-m

27. The Poisson’s ratio of steel is 0.25. Determine the ratio of its shear modulus G to its modulus of
elasticity E.
A. 0.5 C. 0.6
B. 0.3 D. 0.4

28. A tie column subject to combined axial load and end moments has the following properties:
Unsupported length, Lu
Effective length factor, K
Flexural rigidity, EI
M1 = 200 kN-m; M2 = 250 kN-m
Cm = 0.6 + 0.4 M1/M2
Using ∅⁡= 0.7, find the ultimate load Pu that the column can carry.
A. 597 kN C. 623 kN
B. 412 kN D. 842 kN

29. A composite section consist of a 100-mm thick slab, 1000 mm wide attached on the top of a wide
flange section having a cross-sectional area of 10,000 mm2. Determine the required number shear
connectors for the composte section if each has a capacity of 50 kN. Use fc = 27 MPA fy = 250 MPa.
 A .20 C. 23
B. 15 D. 12

Situation 1 – According to Section 5.3.3.2 of the NSCP, the nominal maximum size of the coarse
aggregates shall not be larger than:
a) 1/5 the narrowest dimension between the sides of forms, nor
b) 1/3 the depth of slabs, nor
c) ¾ the minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars or wires, bundles of
bars, or prestressing tendons or ducts.
According to Section 5.7.6:
5.7.6.1 – The minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars in a layer shall be db,
but not less than 25 mm
5.7.6.1 – Where parallel reinforcement is placed in two or more layers, bars in the upper layer
shall be placed directly above bars in the bottom layer with clear distance between the layers not
less than 25mm.

A section of a reinforced concrete beam is shown in Figure CO-08.

1. Which of the following gives the clear spacing between the horizontal bars?
A. 23 mm C. 25 mm
B. 18 mm D. 28 mm
2. Which of the following gives the narrowest possible dimension (width) pf the forms for the given
bar arrangement?
A. 256 mm C. 266 mm
B. 261 mm D. 251 mm
3. Which of the following gives the maximum size of coarse aggregates that may be used for the
beam?
A. 21 mm C. 36 mm
B. 54 mm D. 16 mm
Situation 2 – An elevator weighing 9.8 kN starting from rest at the ground floor accelerates uniformly
attaining a speed of 144 m/min after travelling 5m.
4. Which of the following most nearly gives the acceleration of the elevator in m/s?
A. 1.47 C. 0.55
B. 0.68 D. 0.58
5. Which of the following most nearly gives the time of travel upon reaching this height?
A. 4 s C. 3 s
B. 5 s D. 8 s
6. Which of the following most nearly gives the tension in the cable in KiloNewton?
A. 9.9 C. 11.8
B. 10.4 D. 12.1
Situation 3 – A floor is made up of a 150 mm thick concrete slab and a 50mm thick floor finish both of
which has a unit weight of 24 kN/m3. The floor also carries a ceiling whose weight is 720 Pa and a live
load of 2400 Pa. the floor is supported by simply supported steel beams with a span of 6m spaced at 3m
on centers. The beam is W14 × 30, with weight of 440 N/m, depth of 352mm, and moment of inertia
I = 0.000121m4.
7. Which of the following most nearly gives the uniform pressure carried by the floor in Pascals?
A. 8200 C. 7840
B. 7200 D. 7920
8. Which of the following most nearly gives the uniform weight carried by the beam in KiloNewton
per meter?
A. 32 C. 18
B. 24 D. 28
9. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum flexural stress in the beam in
MegaPascals?
A. 160 C. 210
B. 140 D. 120
Situation 4 – For the loaded beam shown in Figure AN-07:
10. Which of the following most nearly gives the vertical reaction at the roller support?
A. 13 kN C. 15 kN
B. 27 kN D. 25 kN
11. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear on the beam?
A. 13 kN C. 10 kN
B. 17 kN D. 25 kN
12. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum moment on the beam in kN-m?
A. 12 C. 8.5
B. 13 D. 9.5
Situation 5 – The following sections of NSCP gives the limits of reinforcement for compression
members:
5.10.9.1 – Area of longitudinal reinforcement for non-composite compression members shall not
be less than 0.01 nor more than 0.06 times gross area Ag of section.
5.10.9..2 – Minimum number of longitudinal bars in compression members shall be 4 for bars
within rectangular of circular ties, 3 for bars within triangular ties, and 6 for bars enclosed by
spirals conforming to section 5.10.9.3.
5.10.9.3 – Ratio of spiral reinforcement ρs shall be not less than the value given by
ρs = 0.45(Ag /Acc − 1)(fc /fy )
where fy is the specific yield strength of spiral reinforcement but not more than 415 MPa.
The section of a spiral column is as shown in Figure CO-45.
fc = 21 MPa, fy = 375 MPa.
13. Which of the following most nearly gives the pitch-spiral diameter ratio of the column?
A. 0.18 C. 0.15
B. 0.10 D. 0.11
14. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum spiral reinforcement ratio?
A. 0.0084 C. 0.0098
B. 0.0075 D. 0.0043
15. Using the minimum spiral reinforcement ratio, which of the following most nearly gives the
minimum spiral spacing in mm?
A. 55 C. 75
B. 70 D. 65
 Situation 6 – According to Section 4.6.1.of NSCP, members subjected to both axial compression
and bending shall be proportioned to satisfy the following requirements:
𝑓𝑎 𝐶𝑚𝑥 ⁡𝑓𝑏𝑥 𝐶𝑚𝑦⁡ 𝑓𝑏𝑦
+ 𝑓 + 𝑓
≤ 1 (1)
𝐹𝑎 (1− 𝑎 )𝐹𝑏𝑥 (1− 𝑎 )𝐹𝑏𝑦
𝐹𝑒𝑥 𝐹𝑒𝑦
𝑓𝑎 𝑓 𝑓
0.6𝐹𝑦
+ 𝐹𝑏𝑥 + 𝐹𝑏𝑦 ≤ 1 (2)
𝑏𝑥 𝑏𝑦

When fa /Fa ≤ 0.15, Formulas (3) may be used in lieu of formulas (1) & (2)
𝑓𝑎 𝑓 𝑓
𝐹𝑎
+ 𝐹𝑏𝑥 + 𝐹𝑏𝑦 ≤ 1 (3)
𝑏𝑥 𝑏𝑦

In formulas (1) & (2), and (3), the subscripts x and y, combined with subscript b, m, and e,
indicate the axis of bending about which a particular stress or design property applies, and
Fa = allowable axial compressive stress if axial force alone existed, MPa
Fb = allowable bending stress if bending moment alone existed
12𝜋2 𝐸
𝐹′𝑒 = = Euler stress divided by factor of safety, MPa the expression for F’ e, lb is the
23(𝐾𝑙𝑏 /𝑟𝑏 )2
actual unbraced length in the plane of bending and rb is the corresponding radius of gyration, K is
the effective length factor in the plane of bending.as in the case of Fa, Fb, and 0.6Fy, F’e may be
increased 1/3 in accordance to Section 4.5.6.
fa = computed axial stress, MPa
fb = computed bending stress, MPa
Cm = a coefficient whose value is as follows:
1. For compression members in frames subject to loint translation (sidesway), Cm = 0.85.
2. For restrained compression members in frames braced against joint translation and not
subject to transverse loading between their supports in the plane of bending,
𝑀
𝐶𝑚 = 0.6 − 0.4 𝑀1 but not less than 0.4
2
where M1/M2 is the ratio of the smaller to larger moments at the ends of that portion of
the member unbraced in the plane of the bending under consideration. M1/M2 is positive
when the member is bent in reverse curvature, negative when bent in single curvature.
3. For compression members in frames braced against joint translation in the plane of
loading and subjected to transverse loading between their supports, the value of Cm may
be determined by rational analysis. However, in lieu of such analysis, the following
values may be used:
a. For members whose ends are restrained, Cm = 0.85
b. Fir members whose ends are unrestrained, Cm = 1.0
Steel column 3.6m long and hinged at both ends is used to carry an axial load of 800 kN.
The column is subject to end moments (single curvature) with M1 = 90%M2. Fy = 248
MPa, E = 149 GPa. The allowable axial stress Fa = 115 MPa and the allowable bending
stress Fb =149 MPa. The properties of the section are as follows:
A = 0.013m2; S1 = 0.00012m3; rb = 94 mm.
16. Which of the following most nearly gives the computed (actual) axial stress of the column in
MPa?
A. 61 C. 73
B. 87 D. 54
 17. Which of the following most nearly gives the computed (actual) bending stress of the column in
MPa?
A. 91 C. 66
B. 78 D. 42
18. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment capacity of the column in kN-m?
A. 3 C. 10
B. 8 D. 23
Situation 7 – The frame shown in Figure AN-11 is to be analyzed using the cantilever method.
19. Which of the following most nearly gives the axial force on member DE in KiloNewton?
A. 7.5 C. 37.5
B. 82.3 D. 40
20. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at A in KiloNewton-Meter?
A. 80 C. 60
B. 110 D. 90
21. Which of the following most nearly gives the shear on member BE in KiloNewton?
A. 30 C. 20
B. 40 D. 37.5
Situation 9 – The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1594 states that for a unit price contract,
quantity overruns or underruns of not more than fifteen percent (15%) of the estimates per major pay
items (i.e. pay item which represent at least 20% of the total estimated cost of the contract) and twenty-
five percent (25%) per minor pay item in the bill of quantities need not be covered by a Change Order
provided that the same is authorized by the Approving Authority for the contract.
The quantities, unit prices, and approved agency estimates (AAE) of a project are given as
follows:
Quantity Unit Price AAE
Item 1 120 P80.00 P100.00
Item 2 50 2,500.00 2,400.00
Item 3 600 150.00 150.00
Item 4 80 900.00 1,000.00
Item 5 800 45.00 150.00
Item 6 500 90.00 80.00
Item 7 25 1,100.00 1,200.00
Item 8 3,500 18.00 20.00
22. Which of the following most nearly gives the Approved Agency Estimate (AAE) of the project?
A. P460,000 C. P480,000
B. P500,000 D. P490,000
23. Which of the following items are considered as major pay items?
A. Items 2,3,4 and 8 only C. Items 2,3 and 4 only
B. Items 2 and 3 only D. Item 1 only
24. Which of the following should be
covered by change order?
A. Increase in item 1 from 120 to 135
B. Decrease in item 3 from 600 to 500
C. Decrease in item 2 from 50 to 45
D. Increase in item 8 from 3500 to 4300