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Anuario de Investigaciones

ISSN: 0329-5885
anuario@psi.uba.ar
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Argentina

Arnoso Martinez, Maitane; Bombelli, J. Ignacio; Muratori, Marcela; Mele, Silvia V.;
Zubieta, Elena M.
La CONADEP y el Informe Nunca Más: conocimiento, eficacia y emociones asociadas
Anuario de Investigaciones, vol. XX, 2013, pp. 197-205
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, Argentina

Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369139949056

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FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XX

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CONADEP TRUTH COMMISSION AND “NUNCA MÁS” REPORT: KNOWLEDGE, EFFICIENCY AND ASSOCIATED EMOTIONS
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