Pages From Seismic Design Using Structural Dynamics Seminar-Prt04

S. K. Ghosh Associates Inc.
Frame Analysis
Mode Period Mass Participation

(sec) (%)
1 2.485 71.2
2 0.659 14.8
3 0.300 6.1
4 0.178 3.1
Frame Analysis
As seen from the Table, consideration of

modes 1, 2 and 3 should be adequate for
lateral load analysis, as they constitute
about 92.1% (more than 90%) of the
participating mass (ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.9.1)
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61
Weights on each floor
Calculated weights (self weight + SDL) on

each floor are used for the determination
of Lm, Mm in Table 1
Table 1. Calculation of Lm, Mm and

Distribution of Base Shear for
Example Building
62
Table 1 (Continued)
Table 1 (Continued)
63
Lm and Mm for each mode shape
As seen from Table 1,
L1 = 148,746 kN/g M1 = 103,850 kN/g
L2 = -65,043 kN/g M2 = 95,546 kN/g
L3 = 45,380 kN/g M3 = 108,738 kN/g
127
Modal Seismic Design

Coefficients Csm
• For this example, the general procedure of ASCE

11.4.5 will be followed, according to which:
» For T>TL Sa = SD1TL/ T2 (for this example, it
does not apply)
» For Ts<T<TL Sa = SD1/T
» For T0 < T < TS Sa = SDS
» for T < T0 Sa = 0.6 SDS T/T0 + 0.4SDS
where TS = SD1/SDS, and T0 = 0.2TS
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ASCE 7-05 FIGURE 11.4-1: Design

Response Spectrum
Modal Seismic Design Coefficients

Csm
• Csm = Sam/(R/I)
• where Sam = the modal design spectral

response acceleration at period Tm
determined from either the general
design response spectrum of ASCE
Sec. 11.4.5 or a site-specific response
spectrum per Sec. 21.2.
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Modal Seismic Design Coefficients Csm

For example building: Ts = 0.6/1.0 = 0.60 sec
T0 = 0.6/5 = 0.12 sec
For this 20-story building, TL
is generally much larger than T.
Mode 1:
T1 = 2.485 sec > 0.60 sec
Cs1 = SD1/[T(R/I)] = 0.6g/[2.485x(7/1)] = 0.0345g
Mode 2:
T2 = 0.659 sec > 0.60 sec
Cs2 = SD1/[T(R/I)] = 0.6g/[0.659x(7/1)] = 0.1301g
Mode 3:
T3 = 0.300 sec > 0.12 sec and T3 < 0.60 sec
Cs3 = SDS/(R/I) = 1.0g/(7/1) = 0.1429g
131
Base Shear using Modal Analysis
132
66
Participating Mass for the above three

modes
133
Base Shear using Static Force

Procedure (ASCE 12.8)
T < TL, for this example
S1 > 0.6g,
for this example
134
67
Approximate Period
Ta = Ct (hn)x (ASCE Eq. 12.8-7)
Ct = 0.0488 for dual system
x = 0.75 for a dual system
hn = total height = 77.5 m
Ta = 0.0488 x (77.5)0.75 = 1.27 sec
135
Base Shear Based on Approximate

Period
136
68
Vertical Distribution of Base Shear
The distribution of the design base shear along the height of

the building is shown in Table 2
137
Table 2 Lateral Forces by Equivalent

Lateral Force Procedure
138
69
Table 3 Calculation of Refined period
139
Rational Period Computation
140
70

Procedure, Based on Refined Period
141

Procedure
142
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Distribution of Base Shear

(ASCE 12.8.3)
Fx = Cvx V (ASCE Eq. 12.8-11)
Cvx = (ASCE Eq. 12.8-12)
T = 1.78 sec
k= 1 ≤ 1 + 0.5 (T-0.5) ≤ 2 = 1.64 (ASCE 12.8.3)
143
Distribution of Base Shear (ASCE

12.8.3)
Distribution of design base shear along

the height of the building is shown in
Table 4
The lateral displacements and drifts of

the example building, computed
elastically under the distributed lateral
forces of Table 4 are shown in Table 5
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72
Table 4. Lateral Forces by Static

Force Procedure
145
Table 5. Lateral Displacements and Drifts of

Example Building by Static Force Procedure (mm)
146
73
Table 5 (Continued)
147
Scaling of Elastic Response

Parameters for Design
ASCE 12.9.4 stipulates that the base shear

using modal analysis must be scaled up when
the combined response for the modal base
shear (Vt) is less than 85 percent of the
calculated base shear (V) using the equivalent
lateral force procedure.
148
74
Scaling of Elastic Response

Parameters for Design
• 14,404 kN (equivalent static base shear V)
× 0.85 = 12,243 kN > 9723 kN (dynamic
base shear Vt)
• Therefore, the modal forces must be
scaled up as per ASCE 12.9.4:
scale factor = 0.85 V / Vt = 0.85 × 14,404 /
9723 = 1.26
149
Scaling Modal Results
V1 = 1.26 x 7350 = 9261 kN
V2 = 1.26 x 5761 = 7259 kN
V3 = 1.26 x 2706 = 3410 kN
V = [92612 + 72592 + 34102 ]1/2 = 12,251 kN
150
75
Distribution of Base Shear
151
Table 6. Calculation of Lm, Mm and

Distribution of Base Shear for
Example Building
152
76
Table 6 (Continued)
153
Table 6 (Continued)
154
77
Lateral Analysis
Three dimensional analysis of the

structure was performed for each set
of modal forces using SAP 2000
155
Lateral Analysis
To account for accidental torsion, the

mass at each level was assumed to be
displaced by a distance equal to 5% of
the dimension of the structure
perpendicular to the direction of force
(ASCE 12.8.4.2)
156
78
Lateral Analysis
In the model, rigid diaphragms were

assigned at each level and rigid end offsets
were defined at the ends of each member
so that results were automatically obtained
at the faces of each support
157
Lateral Analysis
The stiffnesses of members used in

the analysis were as follows
For Columns Ieff = Ig

For Shearwalls Ieff = Ig
For Beams Ieff = 0.5Ig
158
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Lateral Analysis
Table 7 shows the shear force and

bending moment at each floor level of
each shear wall (the four shear walls
are identical in every respect and are
subject to the same forces) due to
each considered mode and the
resultant load effects
159
Table 7 Internal Forces in a Shear wall

due to Lateral Forces given in Table 6
160
80

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Mode Period Mass Participation

As seen from the Table, consideration of

Weights on each floor

Calculated weights (self weight + SDL) on

Table 1. Calculation of Lm, Mm and

Lm and Mm for each mode shape

As seen from Table 1,

L1 = 148,746 kN/g M1 = 103,850 kN/g

L2 = -65,043 kN/g M2 = 95,546 kN/g

L3 = 45,380 kN/g M3 = 108,738 kN/g

Modal Seismic Design

• For this example, the general procedure of ASCE

ASCE 7-05 FIGURE 11.4-1: Design

Modal Seismic Design Coefficients

• where Sam = the modal design spectral

Modal Seismic Design Coefficients Csm

Base Shear using Modal Analysis

Participating Mass for the above three

Base Shear using Static Force

T < TL, for this example

Ta = Ct (hn)x (ASCE Eq. 12.8-7)

Ct = 0.0488 for dual system

x = 0.75 for a dual system

hn = total height = 77.5 m

Ta = 0.0488 x (77.5)0.75 = 1.27 sec

Base Shear Based on Approximate

Vertical Distribution of Base Shear

The distribution of the design base shear along the height of

Table 2 Lateral Forces by Equivalent

Table 3 Calculation of Refined period

Rational Period Computation

Base Shear using Static Force

Base Shear using Static Force

Distribution of Base Shear

Fx = Cvx V (ASCE Eq. 12.8-11)

Cvx = (ASCE Eq. 12.8-12)

Distribution of Base Shear (ASCE

Distribution of design base shear along

The lateral displacements and drifts of

Table 4. Lateral Forces by Static

Table 5. Lateral Displacements and Drifts of

Scaling of Elastic Response

ASCE 12.9.4 stipulates that the base shear

Scaling of Elastic Response

Scaling Modal Results

V1 = 1.26 x 7350 = 9261 kN

V2 = 1.26 x 5761 = 7259 kN

V3 = 1.26 x 2706 = 3410 kN

V = [92612 + 72592 + 34102 ]1/2 = 12,251 kN

Distribution of Base Shear

Table 6. Calculation of Lm, Mm and

Three dimensional analysis of the

To account for accidental torsion, the

In the model, rigid diaphragms were

The stiffnesses of members used in

For Columns Ieff = Ig

Table 7 shows the shear force and

Table 7 Internal Forces in a Shear wall

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