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1) HVDC transmission uses direct current for electricity transmission instead of alternating current and has several advantages over AC transmission including being able to transmit more power per conductor, simpler construction, and not requiring reactive compensation.
2) There are three main types of DC transmission links: monopolar, bipolar, and homopolar.
3) While HVDC transmission allows for long distance transmission of large amounts of power, it requires expensive converter stations to convert between AC and DC and these stations produce harmonics requiring filters.
1) HVDC transmission uses direct current for electricity transmission instead of alternating current and has several advantages over AC transmission including being able to transmit more power per conductor, simpler construction, and not requiring reactive compensation.
2) There are three main types of DC transmission links: monopolar, bipolar, and homopolar.
3) While HVDC transmission allows for long distance transmission of large amounts of power, it requires expensive converter stations to convert between AC and DC and these stations produce harmonics requiring filters.
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1) HVDC transmission uses direct current for electricity transmission instead of alternating current and has several advantages over AC transmission including being able to transmit more power per conductor, simpler construction, and not requiring reactive compensation.
2) There are three main types of DC transmission links: monopolar, bipolar, and homopolar.
3) While HVDC transmission allows for long distance transmission of large amounts of power, it requires expensive converter stations to convert between AC and DC and these stations produce harmonics requiring filters.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formati disponibili
Scarica in formato PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
c) Homopolar link Power per Conductor and per Circuit
DC power per conductor AC power per conductor Ratio
pd / pa = √2 / cos Φ pd = Vd Id pa = Va Ia cos Φ Taking cos Φ = 0.945, pd / pa =1.5 DC power per circuit AC power per circuit Ratio Pd / Pa = 1 Pd = 2 pd Pa = 3 pa Both lines carry the same power.
• Vd and Va are the conductor-to-ground voltages
• Id and Ia are the currents per conductor • cos Φ is the power factor Advantages of HV DC Transmission
• Greater power per conductor.
• Simpler line construction. • Ground return can be used; hence each conductor can be operated as an independent circuit. • No charging current. • No skin effect. • Cables can be worked at a higher voltage gradient. • Line power factor is always unity; line does not require reactive compensation. Advantages of HV DC Transmission (cont’d)
• Less corona loss and radio interference, especially in
foul weather, for a certain conductor diameter and rms voltage. • Synchronous operation is not required; hence distance is not required for stability. • May interconnect ac systems of different frequencies. • Low short-circuit current on dc line. • Does not contribute to short-circuit current of AC system. • Tie-line power is easily controlled. Disadvantages of HV DC Transmission
• Converters are expensive.
• Converters require much reactive power. • Converters generate harmonics, requiring filters. • Converters have little overload capability. • Lack of HV dc circuit breakers hampers multiterminal or network operation. Principal Applications of DC Transmission
• For cables crossing bodies of water wider than
20 mi (32 km) • For interconnecting ac systems having different frequencies or where asynchronous operation is desired. • For transmitting large amounts of power over long distances by overhead lines. • In congested urban areas or elsewhere where it is difficult to acquire right of way for overhead lines and where the lengths involved make ac cables impractical. Three-phase two-way, three-phase bridge, or Graetz rectifier circuit. (a) secondary line-to-neutral voltages ea, eb, ec and in heavy lines, unfiltered voltages of positive and negative DC poles with respect to transformer neutral point ;
(b) secondary line-to-line voltages and in
heavy lines, unfiltered direct pole-to-pole voltage vd ;
(c) secondary line-to-line voltages and, in
lower heavy lines, voltage v1 across valve 1 ;
(d) Condensed representation of valve
currents ; (e) Transformer secondary current ia=i1-i4 ;
(f) Primary alternating line current
ia=(ic-ib) / T. Bridge converter – schematic circuit for analysis. The valves are numbered in their firing order. Waves of instantaneous EMFs of ac source: line to neutral, ea, eb, ec; line to line, eac, eba, ecb. Instantaneous direct voltage (shown by heavy line) of bridge converter with ignition delay angle α but no overlap.