of the data presented is carried out by computing the sex To calculate the D(i) values for both sexes

e the D(i) values for both sexes combined,

ratios of the number of children ever bom. Column (7)
of table 49 shows these ratios. They are computed by
dividing the number of male children ever bom by the
corresponding number of femaie children. As an exam-
ple, for age group 20-24, the sex ratio is
the deaths have to be added and then divided by the
total number of children ever bom (sum of males and
females). Hence, D, (1) for both sexes would be
/>,(»)= (24+16) /(278+279) = 0.0718.

1,380/1,253= 1.1014, Table 51 shows a complete set of the proportions of

children dead.
and the overall sex ratio is
Table 51. Proportions op children dead, by sex of children and
16,550/15,847= 1.0444. AGE OF MOTHER, PANAMA. 1976
Proportion of children dead
Ap Index Males Females BothKxtt
The sex ratios given in column (7) of table 49 fluctuate i 0,(0
somewhat by age of mother but show no systematic
gmp
<0 (2) V V m

trend, and the overall sex ratio is acceptably close to the 15-19....... i 0.0863 0.0574 0.0718
20-24....... 2 0.0558 0.0423 0.0494
expected value of 1.05. Furthermore, since some varia-
25-29........ 3 0.0718 0.0593 0.0656
tion of the sex ratios by age is expected because of the 30-34........ 4 0.0762 0.0666 0.0715
relatively small sample being considered, it is concluded 35-39........ 5 0.1010 0.0879 0.0946
that this test shows no clear deficiency in the data. 40-44........ 6 0.1203 0.0944 0.1077
45-49........ 7 0.1320 0.1291 0.1306
Step 1: calculation of average parity per woman. Aver-
age parities P(l), P(2) and P(3) are calculated by divid­
ing the number of children ever bom of each sex Step 3: calculation of mullipliers. The multipliers, k (/),
(appearing in columns (3) and (5) of table 49) by the required to adjust the reported proportion dead, D(i),
total number of women (column (2) of that table). Thus, for the effects of the age pattem of childbearing are cal­
for example, Pm(l), the mean number of male children culated from the ratios P(l)/P(2) and P(2) /P(3), by
ever borne by women aged 15-19 is using the equation and the coefficients listed in table 47.
Thus,
Pm(I)= 278/2,695 = 0.1032.
k(i)= a(i)+b(i) P(l)/P(2)+c(i) P(2)/ P(3).
The complete sets of P m (i ) and P/(i) values are It is assumed that the West family of model life tables is
shown in columns (3) and (4) of table 50. an adequate representation of mortality in Panama, so
Note that the values of P (i) for both sexes combined values of a(i), b(i) and c(i) are taken from the bottom
are just the sum of P m (i ) and Pf (i), the mean number of panel of table 47. Given the values of P(l), P(2) and
male and femaie children, respectively, bom to women P(3) shown in table 50, values of k(i) can be calculated
of age group i. for each sex and for both sexes combined. The full set
of k(i) values is shown in table 52. As an example, the
Table S0. Average parity per woman, by sex of child and multiplier for the male children of women aged 20-24
AGE OF MOTHER, PANAMA, 1976 (i = 2) is
Aseraţe parity per woman
Ap Index Males Females Both sexes k m (2) = 1.2563 +(-0.5381X0.1032 /0.6587)
i
to (2) W V W
15-19....... î 0.1032 0.1035 0.2067 +(-0.2637X0.6587/1.3100)
20-24....... 2 0.6587 0.5981 1.2568
25-29....... 3 1.3100 1.2920 2.6020 = 1.0394.
30-34....... 4 1.9300 1.8620 3.7920
35-39....... 5 2.5286 2.4068 4.9354
TABLE 52. TRUSSELL'S MULTIPLIERS FOR CHILD MORTALITY ESTIM ATION.
40-44....... 6 2.9025 2.7420 5.6445 West model; Panama, 1976
45-49....... 7 2.8839 2.7892 5.6731
Ap Index Multipliers k(i) for:
t Males Females Bothxxee
*UÎ (2) (2) (4) (5)

Step 2: calculation of proportion of children dead, for 15-19....... 1 1.1026 1.0279 1.0663
20-24........ 2 1.0394 1.0411 1.0404
each age group of mother. The values of this proportion, 25-29....... 3 0.9850 1.0027 0.9938
D{i), are computed from table 49 by dividing the 30-34........ 4 0.9939 1.0147 1.0042
number of children dead of each sex, given in columns 35-39....... 5 1.0109 1.0337 1.0221
(4) and (6), by the children ever bom of the correspond­ 40-44........ 6 0.9984 1.0219 1.0100
ing sex, shown in columns (3) and (5). Thus, Z)m(l), the 45-49........ 7 0.9909 1.0138 1.0022
P(l)/P(2) 0.1567 0.1730 0.1645
proportion of male children dead among those ever
P( 2)/P(3) 0.5028 0.4629 0.4830
bom to women aged 15-19 is

Dm(l)= 24/278= 0.0863. Step 4: calculation of probabilities of dying and of surviv-

79