GLOSSARY

Seismology: branch of geophysics that studies seismic phenomena.

(+) Seismology is important to know the behavior of an earthquake.

(-) Seismology is not important to know the behavior of an earthquake.

(?) Seismology is the science of tremors?

Arrangement: An array or configuration of electrodes or antennas used to

perform resistivity surveys, induced polarization (IP), or other types of
electromagnetic surveys.

(+) Arrangements consist of two current electrodes and two potential electrodes.

(-) Arrangements do not consist of two current electrodes and two potential
electrodes.

(?) Can a variety of arrangements be used?

Reflectivity: reflectivity: the relationship between the amplitude of the reflected

wave and the incident wave.

(+)The coefficient of reflection can be expressed by an equation.

(-) The coefficient of reflection cannot be expressed by an equation.

(?) What is the reflection coefficient?

Polarity: The nature of the positive and negative portions of the seismic wavelet

(+) Polarity also occurs in magnets

(-) Polarity does not appear in magnets

(?) In which objects polarity occurs?

Wave: it is a periodic vibrational disturbance in which energy propagates through

a medium

(+) The waves can be differentiated by their frequency, amplitude, etc.

(-) The waves cannot be differentiated by their frequency, amplitude, etc.

(?) Do waves also travel on the surface of a medium?

Magnetometer: is an instrument used to measure the intensity or direction of the

earth's magnetic field.

(+) One of many magnetometers is the proton pressure.

(-) One of the magnetometers is not protonic pressure.

(?) Is there a variety of magnetometers?

Acquisition: first step before performing a geophysical work.

(+) the acquisition is made once while in the field.

(-) the acquisition is not done once while in the field.

(?) Is the acquisition of geophysical data important?

Resistivity: property that bodies have to the passage of electric current.

(+) The resistivity in the bodies will depend on the type of material.

(-) The resistivity in the bodies will not depend on the type of material.

(?) Is the same resistivity as apparent resistivity?

Young's modulus: It is the relationship between longitudinal stress and

longitudinal deformation

(+) An elastic constant that owes its name to the British physicist Thomas Young.

(-) An elastic constant that does not owe its name to British physicist Thomas
Young.

(?) Young's module is a relation of force and longitudinal deformation?

Ohm's law: is the relationship between voltage (V), electric current (I) and
resistance (R).

(+) Ohm's law owes its name to the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm.
(-) Ohm's law does not owe its name to the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm.

(?) Ohm's law is a mathematical law?

Investment: it is the inversion of traits, especially structural features such as

faults.

(+) The investment in geology is given by reactivation processes.

(-) The investment in geology is not given by reactivation processes.

(?) Are there different types of investment?

Filter: A process or algorithm that uses a set of limits used to eliminate unwanted
portions of the data.

(+) A filter uses mathematical algorithms already defined.

(-) A filter does not use mathematical algorithms already defined.

(?) Can filters be used by hand or in processors?

Spectrum: refers to a representation of the characteristics of a wave train or a

trace as a function of frequency, wave number, or arrival time.

(+) A spectrum is a representation of properties according to magnitude.

(-) A spectrum is not a representation of properties according to magnitude.

(?) can the spectra be removed using filters?

Divergence: The loss of energy of a wavefront as a result of geometric

dispersion, observable as a reduction in the amplitude of the wave.

(+) Spherical divergence reduces energy with the square of distance.

(-) Spherical divergence does not reduce energy with the square of the distance.

(?) Is the divergence important for Cartesian coordinates?

Conductance: The product of conductivity by thickness, usually measured in

units of siemens (S).
(+) The conductance of a layer or zone is usually much better determined than
the conductivity.

(-) the conductance of a layer or zone is usually not better determined than the
conductivity.

(?) Is conductance the same as condictivity?

Stacking: are traces that have been added from different records to reduce noise
and improve the overall quality of the data.

(+) The number of traces added during stacking is the "nominal stacking".

(-) The number of traces added during stacking is not the "nominal stacking".

(?) What is a seismic stacking?

Attenuation: is the loss of energy or amplitude of the waves as they pass through
the media.

(+) Seismic waves lose energy through absorption, attenuate.

(-) Seismic waves do not lose energy through absorption, they are attenuated.

(?) At what speed do seismic waves travel during attenuation?

Brigade: A brigade that performs a survey or geophysical data.

(+) The brigade is made up of a group of people.

(-) The brigade is not made up of a group of people.

(?) How long does it take a brigade to conduct a geophysical survey?

Gas chimney: A loss of gas in the subsoil, due to an accumulation of poorly

sealed hydrocarbons.

(+) Gas fireplaces are observed in seismic data as poor quality data areas or
apparent depressions.

(-) Gas fireplaces are not observed in seismic data such as poor quality data
areas or apparent depressions.

(?) Can a gas chimney also occur at the surface level?

Air cannon: A source of seismic energy used in the acquisition of marine seismic
data. This cannon releases highly compressed air in the water.

(+) Air cannons are also used in pools filled with water, located on the mainland.

(-) Air cannons are also not used in pools filled with water, located on the
mainland.

(?) Can more than one configuration be used for air cannon?

Fourier analysis: The process of decomposition of a function of time or space

into a sum (or integral) of sinusoidal functions (sines or cosines) with specific
amplitudes and phases.

(+) Fourier's analysis is based on mathematical foundations

(-) Fourier's analysis is not based on mathematical foundations

(?) Is Fourier analysis important?

Calibration: A method of adjusting a data set based on a control with properties

to which the data set should conform.

(+) Calibration is used on certain equipment before use.

(-) Calibration is not used on certain equipment before use.

(?) Do all equipment need to be calibrated?

Geophone: A device used in surface seismic acquisition, both on land and on

the seabed, which detects the speed of the ground produced by seismic waves
and transforms movement into electrical impulses.

(+) Geophones detect movement in only one direction.

(-) Geophones do not detect movement in only one direction.

(?) Are hydrophones the same as geophones?

Migrate: It is to execute a step of the seismic processing in which the reflections

in the seismic data move to their correct locations in the space x, y, time of the
seismic data.
(+) Migration improves seismic interpretation and mapping because the locations
of geological structures.

(-) Migration does not improve seismic interpretation and mapping because the
locations of geological structures.

(?) Does migration only occur in seismic?

Delay: The delay or the difference in the time of arrival of the seismic events that
can come from the weathering (weathering) of the rocks or the variations of the
geological structures of the subsoil.

(+) The delay can be fixed using different software.

(-) The delay cannot be fixed using different software.

(?) Is the delay in all geophysical methods?

Anisotropic: Anisotrópico

(+) For a crystal of a mineral, variation in physical properties observed in different

directions is anisotropy.

(-) For a crystal of a mineral, variation in physical properties observed in different

directions is not anisotropy.

(?) For a crystal of a mineral, variation in physical properties observed in different

directions is anisotropy?

Asteroid: Asteroide

(+) Asteroid is a small, solid, rocky body that orbits the Sun.

(-) Asteroid is’nt a small, solid, rocky body that orbits the Sun.

(?) The Asteroid is a small, solid, rocky body that orbits the Sun?

Barrier Island: Isla de la barrera

(+) Barrier Island is a long, narrow island that develops parallel to a coast as a
sandbar builds up above the water’s surface.

(-) Barrier Island isn’t a long, narrow island that develops parallel to a coast as a
sandbar builds up above the water’s surface.
(?) Barrier Island is a long, narrow island that develops parallel to a coast as a
sandbar builds up above the water’s surface?

Big Bang: Gran Explosion

(+) Bing Bang is the moment in time when the universe started to expand out of
an extremely hot, dense state, according to scientific theory.

(-) Bing Bang is not the moment in time when the universe started to expand out
of an extremely hot, dense state, according to scientific theory.

(?) Bing Bang is the moment in time when the universe started to expand out of
an extremely hot, dense state, according to scientific theory?

Biomass: Biomasa

(+) Biomass is organic matter that contains stored energy from sunlight and that
can be burned as fuel.

(-) Biomass is organic matter that contains stored energy from sunlight and that
can be burned as fuel.

(?) Biomass is organic matter that contains stored energy from sunlight and that
can be burned as fuel?

Cristal: Cristal

(+) Cristal is a solid substance in which the atoms are arranged in an orderly,
repeating, three-dimensional pattern.

(-) Cristal is not a solid substance in which the atoms are arranged in an orderly,
repeating, three-dimensional pattern.

(?) Cristal is a solid substance in which the atoms are arranged in an orderly,
repeating, three-dimensional patter?

Coupling: Acoplamiento

(+) The coupling between balise and on-board is inductive.

(-) The coupling between balise and on-board is inductive.

(?) The coupling between balise and on-board is inductive.

Cable: Cable

(+) The cable relays data to the seismic recording truck or seismic vessel.

(-) The cable not relays data to the seismic recording truck or seismic vessel.

(?) The cable relays data to the seismic recording truck?

Crossline: Línea de cruce

(+) The start of the rainy season and difficulties in cross-line movements has
slowed down the pace of activities.

(-) The start of the rainy season and difficulties in cross-line movements not has
slowed down the pace of activities.

(?) In cross-line movements has slowed down the pace of activities?

Delta: Delta

(+) Delta is an area of land at the end, or mouth, of a river that is formed by the
buildup of sediment.

(-) Delta is not an area of land at the end, or mouth, of a river that is formed by
the buildup of sediment.

(?) Is an area of land at the end, or mouth, of a river that is formed by the buildup
of sediment?

Desertification: Desertificación

(+) Desertification is the expansion of desert conditions in areas where the natural
plant cover has been destroyed.

(-) Desertification is’nt the expansion of desert conditions in areas where the
natural plant cover has been destroyed.

(?) Desertification is the expansion of desert conditions in areas where the natural
plant cover has been destroyed?

Dipole: Dipolo
(+) A point dipole is an idealized mathematical representation of a dipole in which
the separation of the charges goes to zero.

(-) A point dipole is not an idealized mathematical representation of a dipole in

which the separation of the charges goes to zero.

(?) Point dipole is an idealized mathematical representation of a dipole in which

the separation of the charges goes to zero?

Doppler effect: Eefecto Doppler

(+) Doppler Effect is a change in the observed frequency of a wave.

(-) Doppler Effect is not a change in the observed frequency of a wave.

(?) Is the Doppler Effect achange in the observed frequency of a wave?

Earth: Tierra

(+) The Earth's crust is made up of a dozen plates approximately 70 km thick.

(-) The Earth's crust is’nt made up of a dozen plates approximately 70 km thick

(?) Earth's crust is made up of a dozen plates approximately 70 km thick?

Eclipse: Eclipse

(+) The total eclipse of the moon is an astronomical phenomenon that occurs
when the sun

(-) The total eclipse of the moon is not an astronomical phenomenon that occurs
when the sun

(?) The total eclipse of the moon is an astronomical phenomenon that occurs
when the sun?

Exosphere: Exósfera

(+) The Exosphere is the fifth layer of the atmosphere. It is located above the
thermosphere.

(-) The Exosphere is not the fifth layer of the atmosphere. It is not located above
the thermosphere.
(?) The Exosphere is the fifth layer of the atmosphere?

Excavation: Excavación

(+) the excavation is usual that before beginning the movement of earth

(-) the excavation is’nt usual that before beginning the movement of earth

(?) Is the exacavation a usual that before beginning the movement of earth?

Epirogenesis: Epirogénesis

(+) Epirogenesis consists of a parallel movement of the continental crust on a

continental scale.

(-) Epirogenesis not consists of a parallel movement of the continental crust on a

continental scale.

(?) The Epirogenesis consists of a parallel movement of the continental crust on

a continental scale?

Facies: Facies

(+) Facies are the set of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks with certain
characteristics.

(-) Facies are’nt the set of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks with certain
characteristics.

(?) is the Facies are the set of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks with certain
characteristics?

Fenite: Fenita

(+) The fisonite is a metasomatic Rock normally formed around intrusions of

carbonates.

(-) The fisonite is not a metasomatic Rock normally formed around intrusions of
carbonates.

(?) is The fisonite a metasomatic Rock normally formed around intrusions of

carbonates?