IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM

MOMENTUM is a measure of the difficulty encountered in bringing an object to rest.

Momentum = mv

IMPULSE is the product of a force acting on an object and the time that the force acts.

Impulse = Ft

F = ma

F = m(vf - vi)/t

Ft = m(vf – vi)

A cement truck full of cement has a mass of 42,000 kg. It travels north at a speed of 18 m/s. (a) Calculate
the truck’s momentum. (b) How fast must a 750 kg a car travel to have the same momentum?

A golf club strikes a golf ball. The club and the ball remain in contact for 0.60 ms. The 45 g ball leaves the
club with a speed of 70m/s. Calculate the average force of the club on the ball.

Conservation of momentum

When the net sum of the external forces acting on the system of the object is zero, the vector
sum of the momenta of these objects is constant.

Elastic Collision is one in which the kinetic energy of the system is conserved.

Final momenta = Initial momenta

m1v1f + m2v2f = m1v1i + m2v2i

Initial Kinetic Energy = Final Kinetic Energy

½ m1v1i 2+ ½ m2v2i 2 = ½ m1v1f 2 + ½ m2v2f 2

v1i - v2i = v2f - v1f

A block of mass m1 = 1.60 kg initially moving to the right with a speed of 4.00 m/s on a frictionless,
horizontal track collides with a light spring attached to the second block of mass m2 = 2.10 kg initially
moving to the left with a speed of 2.50 m/s . The spring has a force constant of k = 600 N/m

(a) Find the velocities of the two blocks after collision.

(b) Determine the velocity of block 2 during collision, at the instant block 1 moving to the right with
a velocityof 3 m/s.
(c) Determine the distance the spring is compressed at that instant
Inelastic collision is one for which the total kinetic energy of the system of colliding particles is not
conserved.

Perfectly inelastic collision is one in which the colliding particles stick together after the collision.

Final momenta = Initial momenta

m1v1f + m2v2f = m1v1i + m2v2i

A 1000 kg car traveling east at a speed of 15 m/s has a head on collision with 4000 kg truck traveling
west at 10 m/s. If the vehicles are locked together after the collision, what is their final velocity?

A 5000 kg final stage of the spaceship ejects the 10,000 kg second stage. Before ejection the two stages
together travel with a velocity of 200 m/s. If after ejection the second stage travels at 50m/s opposite of
its initial motion, what is the velocity of the final stage?

A cue ball traveling with a speed of 2m/s along the x axis hits the eight ball. After collision, the cue ball
travels with a speed of 1.6 m/s in a direction 37 o below positive x axis. Will the eight ball fall in the side
pocket, which is oriented along a line 53 o above the positive x axis?

A 1100 kg car at rest at a stop sign is hit from the rear by a 2200 kg truck. The car and the truck remain
locked together and skid 4.6 m before stopping. If the coefficient of friction between the vehicles and
the road is 0.70, what was the truck’s initial velocity?

A 3 g bullet traveling at 300 m/s hits and embeds itself in a 1.0 kg wooden block resting on a frictionless
surface. (a) what is the final speed of the block and the bullet? (b) If the block after being hit slides on a
surface that exerts a 3.0 N friction force on the block, how far will it slide?

A 1200kg car traveling south at 24 m/s collides with and attaches itself to a 2000kg truck traveling east at
16 m/s. Calculate the velocity of the vechicles (magnitude and direction) after collision.

After a 0.30 kg rubber ball is dropped from a height of 1.75m, it bounces off a concrete floor and
rebounds off a concrete floor and rebounds to a height of 1.50m. ( a) Determine the magnitude and
direction of the impulse delivered to the ball by the floor. (b) Estimate the time the ball is in contact with
the floor.