Final for Micro

1. To test the ubiquity of microorganisms, nutrient agar plates were exposed to different environments and then incubated at the
appropriate temperature. As a control, an unopened nutrient agar plate was incubated along with the exposed plate. Any growth present
on the unopened plate after incubation shows that
Nutrient agar allows growth of all microorganisms present in the lab environment.
Nutrient agar plates were contaminated during preparation of the medium.
Both A and B are correct.
Nutrient agar should not have been used for this experiment since it allows growth of contaminants.
Nutrient agar is the best choice of medium for this experiment.
2. Aseptic technique refers to the transfer of microorganisms from one source to another
without contaminating the surroundings or yourself
without contaminating the culture or the media.
by sterilizing everything to minimize contamination OR we culture transfer to minimize contamination???
Only A and B are true.
All of the above are true.

3. After performing the streak plate method of a mixed culture, you obtain an isolated colony. After performing the Gram stain on a
sample of the colony, you found that this colony is a mixture of two bacterial types. What is the proper step to take in order to obtain a
pure culture from this mixed colony?
Discard the plate and re-streak using the original mixed culture and the zigzag method using a cotton swab.
Using your microscope, separate the Gram negative and Gram positive cells with a wire loop.
It is not necessary to do anything further; you can work with bacteria on the edges where there will be only one type of bacteria and not
a mixture.
The only method that can be used to get pure colony out of a mixed culture is to perform serial dilution.
None of the above are proper steps to take OR pick up the colony and streak til you get 2 separate colonies.

4. A pure culture
represents a single species of bacteria.
has only one type of organism growing in or on it.
originates from isolated colonies on the surface of a plate.
all of choices A-C are correct
two of choices A-C are correct.

5. Flaming the wire loop

makes it free of pathogens.
makes it free of bacteria.
makes it free of spores.
makes it free of viruses.
All of the above.

6. The type of microscope you used this semester, and the type that is most commonly used in laboratory courses, is the
Bright-field microscope.
Phase contrast microscope.
Dark-field microscope.
Electron microscope.
Fluorescence microscope.

7. Which is true regarding the oil-immersion technique?

It can be used with either the 40X objective or 100X objective on your microscope.
It is generally not required for accurate determination of the size, morphology, and arrangement of bacterial cells.
Immersion oil can be placed directly on top of the specimen; a coverslip is not required.
Two of the above are true statements.
A, B, and C are all false statements.

6. If the total magnification of a specimen is 200x and the 40x objective lens was used for observation, then the magnification of the
ocular lens would have to be
2000×.
200×.
40×.
5×.
None of the above

7. The three most important features of a microscope and microscopy are magnification, resolution, and
the type of light source.
the strength of eyepiece lens.
providing contrast between the specimen and its background.
the amount of light passing through the condenser.
the size of the microorganism being viewed.

8. Capsular staining is a combination of two staining procedures. From the list below, choose the two staining procedures that comprise
capsular staining.
Simple staining.
Gram staining
Acid fast.
Negative staining

i and ii.
i and iii.
i and iv.
ii and iii.
ii and iv.

9. Following application of the 95% ethanol solution in the Gram stain,

all cells appear purplish-violet colored
Gram-negative cells are colorless
Gram-positive cells are colorless
all cells appear colorless
Gram-negative cells are pinkish colored

10. Prokaryotes stain as Gram-positive or Gram-negative because of differences in the

cell cytoplasm.
cell plasma membrane
cell wall structure.
nucleus.
chromosome.

11. Which is true concerning differential stains?

Gram positive is purplish
The negative stain is a type of differential stain.
Visualization of a Gram-negative bacterium or a non-acid-fast bacterium is due to the uptake of the counterstain by the cells.
The counterstain for the acid-fast stain is carbol fuchsin.
Staining the cells of a heat-fixed smear with just methylene blue would be considered a differential stain.
None of the above is true.

12. You are viewing a sample of an unknown cell type under the microscope at 400X magnification. You observe that the cells are
relatively large and possess a number of organelles, including a nucleus. Based on these findings you can be certain that
you are looking at a fungus.
the cells are not bacteria.
you are probably viewing a protozoan of some sort.
you are observing plant cells.
not enough information to answer this question.

13. What does the oxidation-fermentation test (O-F medium) and fluid thioglycollate medium have in common?
They are both ways to determine whether or not a bacterial type is motile.
They are both methods to determine whether a bacterial type is resistant to antibiotics.
They are both tests that differently evaluate a bacterium’s use of oxygen (or lack of use of O , or toxicity to O )
2 2

They are both tests that evaluate the ability of a bacterial type to ferment lactose.
They have nothing in common.

Questions 16-20. Correctly match the statements in A –E with the terms in 16-20.
Differentiates those that can reduce sulfur to hydrogen sulfide.
Non-differential medium that selects for Gram-positives.
A non-selective and non-differential medium.
A non-selective medium that is differential.
Selects for Gram-negatives; a green metallic color on this indicates vigorous lactose fermentation.
1. Hektoen Enteric Agar A
 2. Eosin Methylene Blue agar E (make sure that you can identify this plate)
3. Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar B
4. Blood Agar D
5. Nutrient Agar C

21. After 24 hour incubation of nitrate broth inoculated with a bacterial species, no color change was observed upon addition of Nitrate
Reduction reagents A and B. After the addition of zinc to this culture medium, a red color appeared. Which of the following is true
regarding this outcome?
The bacteria did not reduce the nitrate.
The bacteria may have reduced nitrate to components beyond nitrite such as N O or N gas.
2 2

The bacteria are positive for nitrate reduction.

Only B and C are true.
Only A and B are true.

22. What do the carbohydrate (sugar) fermentation tests contain?

Glucose, sucrose, or lactose
Phenol red
Durham tube
Only A and B
All of the above

23. This type of solid media is streaked with an inoculum, incubated, and then flooded with iodine. The results of this test will reveal
whether or not the bacterium is capable of hydrolyzing
citrate
starch
glucose
indole
blood

24. Which of the responses below would make the following statement FALSE?
The KIA agar medium is a combination differential medium that tests whether a bacterium
can ferment glucose, but not lactose.
can ferment both glucose and lactose.
is an obligate anaerobe or a facultative anaerobe OR can ferment lactose but not glucose
produces hydrogen sulfide.
produces gas if it ferments.

25. The O-F test determines

if a bacterium can aerobically oxidize a carbohydrate source via cellular respiration.
if a bacterium is unable to metabolize the carbohydrate source.
if a bacterium is capable of fermenting a carbohydrate.
two of the above are correct
A, B, and C are all correct

26. Which of the following is applicable to a bacterium that is a facultative anaerobe?

If inoculated in fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM), it would exhibit growth throughout the entire culture medium tube, especially
at the liquid: air interface.
It requires oxygen for growth
If inoculated in fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM), it would grow only in the middle of the culture medium tube.
It can grow in oxygen but does not use it as part of their metabolism
It cannot tolerate oxygen

27. Escherichia coli, when grown in the presence of ampicillin, has a zone of inhibition of 3 mm, but when E. coli is grown in the presence
of tetracycline it has a zone of inhibition of 10 mm. Resistance for ampicillin and tetracycline is defined when the zone of inhibition is at
least 5 mm. All other factors being equal, what does this most likely say about the two antibiotics?
E. coli is more sensitive to tetracycline than ampicillin
E. coli is more resistant to tetracycline than ampicillin
Ampicillin diffuses more in the medium than tetracycline
Tetracycline diffuses more in the medium than ampicillin
28. Blood agar can be used to differentiate pathogens and non-pathogens of the genus _______________. Those bacterial types that
exhibit α (alpha)-hemolysis would be indicated by ___________________.
Staphylococcus; the formation of a greenish color in the agar
Streptococcus; clear zones around the bacterial growth
Streptomyces; the lack of clearing zones around the bacterial growth or the absence of green color
Staphylococcus; clear zones around the bacterial growth
Streptococcus; the formation of a greenish color in the agar

29. Suppose a bacterium produces a positive MR test and a forms a yellow color in the phenol red glucose test. What type of bacterial
metabolism is being analyzed by these tests?
aerobic respiration
fermentation
anaerobic respiration
none of the above
two of the above

30. Which of the following is considered an antiseptic?

Fabuloso
70% isopropyl alcohol
Water
Lysol household cleaner
two of the above are considered antiseptics

31. In evaluating the response to oxygen of different bacteria growing in fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM), which bacterial type is the
one that would show growth only at, and just below, the liquid:air interface at the top of the medium? No growth would be observed
anywhere else in the medium.
E. coli (FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE, middle)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (AEROBIC)
Clostridium sporogenes (ANAEROBE, bottom)
Staphylococcus aureus (facultative)
32. Use the dilution scheme below to answer questions 32 and 33:

Theres 2 dilution questions. 1 asks for CFU and 2 asks for amount of dilution in tube 4.

The concentration of bacteria in the original sample is _______________ CFU/ml. 32. basically the same (it does the
weird 0.5 mL)
5.60 x 10 8

280 x 10 7

5.60 x 10 7

280 x 10 5

5.60 x 10 6

33. I would expect about___________________colonies on the plate receiving 1 ml.

28
2800
28,000
5600
560
34. For most microbiological purposes, the statistically accurate number of colonies on an agar plate is between
10 and 100.
20 and 200.
30 and 300.
10 and 1000.

35. Which of the following is not a proper procedure or protocol in the lab?
A lab coat must be worn at all times in the lab
All paper waste must be discarded of in the biohazard waste container.
No food or drinks are allowed in the lab
None of the above
All of the above

36. Which of the following is not needed to properly perform aseptic technique?
Disinfecting the work area
Sterilizing loops and needles before you take a sample of bacteria
Sterilizing loops and needles after you inoculate media
Flaming the culture tube after you open it and before you close it
All of the above needed for aseptic technique

37. The Voges-Proskauer (VP) test analyzes for

mixed acid fermentation
starch hydrolysis
the presence of acetoin, an intermediate in butanediol fermentation
the ability to ferment lactose
indole production

38. A bacterial species growing on a phenylalanine agar slant would be positive for phenylalanine deaminase activity if it turned ________
after addition of FeCl solution.
3

blue
green
red
black
yellow

39. Gas production from fermentation in KIA media is determined by

bubbles in a Durham tube
cracks in the agar
detection of a certain odor
change in color of the medium
one cannot determine gas production in this medium

40. SIM medium can test for all of these except: SIM DOES NOT TEST FOR FERMENTATION.
FERMENTATION TESTS: MRVP, O-F, PHENOL RED, NITRATE.
tryptophanase activity/indole production
gas production from fermentation
hydrogen sulfide formation
motility
There are no exceptions, A-D are all detected in SIM medium.

True/False.
Colony forming units of bacteria only arise from single cells.
A. True
B. False

42. When inoculated into motility test medium, a motile bacterium would produce a red color only along the stab line where the
inoculation was made.
True
False

43. Stains such as nigrosin are basic in nature and penetrate the cell.
True
False

Bacteria that are acid-fast will also be Gram-positive.

True
False

Coliform bacteria are by definition lactose-fermenting bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae group.

True
False

46. Liquid cultures of two different bacterial species were mixed and plated out using the streak plate method to obtain isolated
colonies. Because these are two different species, each species will have to produce different colony morphologies on the plate.
A. True
B. False

47. The citrate test is used to determine whether or not a bacterial species can form citrate as an end product of fermentation.
A. True
B. False
You can consider your bench top sterilized after having wiped the area down with isopropyl alcohol from the spray bottle.
A. True
B. False
2. A clearing zone around the bacterial growth on a Spirit Blue agar plate indicates protein hydrolysis.
. True
A. False