Rahma Rizky Alifia (18316003)

Tugas 2 - Paper Summary

SUMMARY OF LAB-ON-A-CHIP FOR ORAL CANCER SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Barry L. Ziober PhD, Michael G. Mauk PhD, Erica M. Falls BA, Zongyuan Chen PhD, Amy F. Ziober BA, JD, Haim H.
Bau PhD
Reference: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.20680

Background
Many patients with oral squamous cell
carcinoma (OSCC) cancers get overtreated or
undertreated because of the cancers’ controversial
aggressive treatment. Late diagnosis and treatment for
patients with OSCC could be the reason why the
patients come up with poor outcomes. In order to
improve the outcomes of patients with OSCC, patients
are needed to be diagnosed earlier. So that, it can be Figure 1. Example of a microfluidic lab-on-chip
treated as soon as possible and improve overall patient
After patient provides saliva, a sponge-tipped
survival. Furthermore, to detect OSCC cancers early,
disposable collector will take up the saliva. As the
we need screening methods. There are several common
collector inserts oral fluid into the cassette, the oral fluid
screening methods in visual screening of patients for
is injected through a sample inlet port. From the oral
precancerous or cancerous lesions: (a) visual screening,
fluid sample, we can capture and enrich the target
which is limited in visibility/ occurrence of a lesion, (b)
precancer and cancer cells. Next, the cancer cells will
using biopsied materials, an invasive detection of
be isolated and detected. The detection results an initial
premalignant and malignant oral cancer cells. This
indication of the presence of disease.
review proposes a noninvasive method for detecting
In brief, this system will provide a means for
premalignant and malignant oral cancer with saliva. It
automated, rapid detection, and molecular analysis of
discusses combining biomarker detection and
cancers in a miniaturized format suitable for use in the
microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology to develop a
clinic and/ or the operating room. The system is a
device for early screening of oral cancer by analysing
combine from biomarker detection and microfluidic
human saliva.
lab-on-chip technology. The microfluidic chip here is
easily adapted and tailored for the diagnosis and
Methods Overview analysis other cancers and monitoring treatment.
The lab process starts from microfluidic chip
However, the advantages and disadvantages/
accepting saliva samples, then trained personnel
limitations of this microfluidic chip are listed below.
operates the chip, so that the chip will provide a
Advantages Limitations
diagnostic answer automatically and rapidly.
1. Noninvasive 1. Use 2 proteins; one for
To detect the cancer, in this case OSCC, firstly
2. Using small sample biomarker, and one for
we must identify unique proteins expressed by the
3. Automated isolation
cancer cells. There are 2 unique proteins used in this
operation 2. PCR method only
review found in saliva: Hsp-47 and EpCAM. Hsp-47
4. Rapid detection sensitive for detection, not
has been designated as specific markers for detection
4. Low cost for screening
oral cancer and as a potential biomarker for therapeutic
targeting of oral cancer. Thus, EpCAM uses to enrich
Development Opportunity in Indonesia
oral precancer and cancer cells from saliva and uses as
Basically, it requires 1 to 2 years to develop a
an initial screen for cancer.
cancer diagnostic lab-on-chip which could be
demonstrated, and it takes until 5 years for developing
Product Overview
the prototype for clinical trials. It means that oral cancer
This device is inexpensive with disposable
screening and diagnostic based on lab-on-chip method
microfluidic cassette, such as the one shown in figure
may be applicable for more than 10 years later. Besides,
below.
developing LOC in Indonesia is a great idea. It will
lowering medical service costs and improve diagnostic
and screening quality.