Instruction: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter only.

1. The following are true about the geographic coordinate system EXCEPT *
a. It assigns a set of numbers and letters to a particular location.
b. It uses the equator and the prime meridian as reference points.
c. It can be used in navigation and mapping.
d. It is no longer used and has already been replaced by global positioning system (GPS).

2. Physical features on the Earth's surface, such as plains, mountains, hills, and valleys are called:
a. landform
b. volcano
c. piedmont
d. sea level

3. Put the layers of Earth in order from outside layer to inside layer.
a. mantle, crust, core
b. core, mantle, crust
c. crust, mantle, core
d. mantle, core, crust

4. Which Earth layer is liquid?

a. crust
b. outer core
c. inner core
d. mantle

5. The solid part of Earth that consists of all rock, including the soils and sediments on Earth's surface, is the
_______.
a. lithosphere
b. asthenosphere
c. geosphere
d. biosphere

6. Put the layers of Earth in order from outside layer to inside layer.
a. mantle, crust, core
b. core, mantle, crust
c. crust, mantle, core
d. mantle, core, crust

7. In general, igneous rocks:

a. form at relatively high temperatures
b. form by crystallization of solids from a liquid
c. form at high and low pressures
d. all of the above

8. How much of the earth's water is freshwater?

a. 50 %
b. 3%
c. 97 %
d. 93 %

9. Which is a measure of the dissolved salt in saltwater?

a. density
b. salinity
c. thermocline
d. temperature
 10. Which best describes most of Earth's water?
a. Freshwater
b. Saltwater
c. Drinking Water
d. All of the above

11. Earth's hydrosphere is best described as:

a. the relatively thin layer of rock found above Earth's mantle.
b. the hot liquid rock located in Earth's outer core.
c. the very dense rock located in Earth's inner core.
d. all of Earth's water.

12. In the rock cycle, weathering and erosion can change which type of rock into sediments?
a. igneous rocks
b. sedimentary rocks
c. metamorphic rocks
d. all of these

13. Hot, liquid rock that is found in the interior of Earth is called.
a. Lava
b. Ash
c. Magma
d. Cinder

14. Igneous rocks are formed from:

a. the shells of small sea creatures
b. pebbles and other rocks cemented together
c. the remains of living things
d. magma

15.Metamorphic rocks can be formed from:

a. igneous rocks
b. sedimentary rocks
c. metamorphic rocks
d. all rock groups

16.Rocks are classified as:

a. igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary.
b. sedimentary, intrusive, or metamorphic.
c. sandstone, limestone, or granite.
d. organic, intrusive, or clastic.
17. Rocks formed by the piling up of layers of dust, dirt, and sand are called:

a. igneous rocks
b. sedimentary rocks
c. metamorphic rocks
d. magma

18. The kind of igneous rock that forms below Earth's surface.
a. Basaltic
b. Metamorphic
c. Intrusive
d. Extrusive

19. How can igneous rocks be classified?

a. Foliated or Non-foliated
b. Extrusive or Intrusive
c. Clastic or Chemical
d. None of the above
20. What type of rock are granite and obsidian?
a. Igneous Rock
b. Metamorphic Rock
c. Sedimentary Rock
d. all of these

21. Igneous rock transforms to metamorphic rock by_________.

a. melting and cooling
b. cementation and compaction
c. weathering and erosion
d. heat and pressure

22. During what process are sediments pressed together?

a. Cooling
b. Weathering
c. Melting
d. Compaction

23. A dark dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in the oceanic crust.
a. basalt
b. mantle
c. crust
d. granite

23. Usually a light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust.

a. igneous
b. granite
c. basalt
d. crystal

24. What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?

a. A mineral is more valuable
b. A rock is made of minerals
c. A rock is prettier
d. A and B

25. Where on Earth is ocean water the densest?

a. poles
b. along the gulf stream
c. near shorelines
d. surface water at the tropics

26. How does salinity affect ocean water density?

a. Highly saline water is less dense than water with no salt in it.
b. Salinity affects the density of water only in very cold polar areas.
c. The more saline it is, the denser it is.
d. Salinity has no influence on ocean water density because density is a fixed property of water.

27. What is water pollution?

a. Water being contaminated with pollutants.
b. When you get water dirty.
c. When fish over populate a lake.
d. When your water tastes bad.

28. What is another major cause of water pollution?

a. farmers using chemicals
b. drinking too much
c. water recycling
d. fish
29. An imaginary line that circles the Earth at 0 degrees latitude is called the______.
a. Prime Meridian
b. International Date Line
c. Arctic Circle
d. Equator

30. On a globe, the Equator is the __________.

a. Horizontal, center line
b. Vertical, center line
c. 30-degree line
d. 180-degree line