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Family In Terms Of

A. The Nature of the Family

1. Psychologically

Friedman (1998) A family is a collection of two or more people who live together with
rules and emotional attachment and individuals have their respective roles that are part of the
family. Correspondingly, Salvicion and Ara Celis (1989) suggest that families are two or more
individuals who are connected because of blood relations, marital relations, or termination and
they live in a household, interact with each other and in their respective roles and creating, and
maintaining a culture.

Duvall and Logan (1986) A family is a group of people with ties to marriage, birth, and
adoption that aims to create, maintain culture, and enhance the physical, mental, emotional, and
social development of each family member. Bailon and Maglaya (1978) Families are two or
more individuals who live in one household because of blood relations, marriage, or adoption.
They interact with one another, have their respective roles and create and maintain a culture.

Counselors from Yogyakarta, Sayekti (1994) The family is a bond or fellowship of life
on the basis of marriage between adults of different types who live together or a man or woman
who is alone with or without children, both his own child or adoption, and live in a household.
According to Law no. 10 of 1992 concerning the development of population and the
development of a prosperous family The family is the smallest unit of society consisting of
husband and wife or husband and wife and children or father and child or mother and child.
According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health (1998) The family is the smallest unit of a
society consisting of a family head and several people who gather and live in a place under a roof
in a state of interdependence.

2. Family as a Social System

According to Klein and White (1996) the system is defined as a set of objects, and the
relationship between these objects and their attributes, based on the assumptions:

a) system elements are interconnected,

b) the system can only be understood as a whole,

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 c) the entire system influences and is influenced by its environment, and
d) the system is not something real.

Meanwhile, according to Winton (1995), the system is a unit that is limited by rules, and
consists of interrelated and interdependent parts.

Literature study conducted by Megawangi, Zeitlin, & Kramer in Zeitlin et al., (1995),
family as a system is defined as a social unit in which individuals are intimately involved in it,
limited by family rules, there are reciprocal relationships and influence among family members
of each family time. However, according to Kreppner and Lerner (1989) there are some
differences in perspective on the family as the system itself. The difference in perspective is that
the family is seen as:

a) a system of general interactions of family members

b) a series of interactions conducted by two parties (diadic)
c) A number of interactions between all family subgroups: diadic, triadic, and tetradic
d) internal family relationship system as a reaction to the wider social system

The family approach as a system is based on functional structural theory which is based
on four concepts: system, social structure, function, and balance. This theory discusses how a
person's behavior is influenced by others and by social institutions, and how that behavior in turn
affects others in the process of sustained action-reaction. This theory views no individual and
system that functions independently, but rather is influenced and in turn affects other people or
other systems. Functional structural theory recognizes diversity in social life, which is the main
source of the structure of society.

B. Family Characteristics
Burgest and Locke (1960) put forward four family characteristics, namely:
• The family is the arrangement of people united by marriage ties (relationship between
husband / wife), blood (the relationship between parents and children) or adoption.
• Family members are characterized by living together under one roof and constituting one
household arrangement. Boarding houses and lodging houses may become households,
but they cannot become families, because their members are not connected by blood,
marriage or adoption.

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 • The family is a union of people who interact and communicate which creates social roles
for the husband and wife, father and mother, sons and daughters, brothers and sisters.
These roles are reinforced by the power of tradition and partly emotionally that produces
experience.
• The family is a custodian of a shared culture that is derived from general culture.
According to Stephens (Eshelman, 1991), defining the family as a social structure based
on a marriage contract includes the introduction of the rights and duties of parents; where
husband, wife and children live; and reciprocal economic obligations between husband
and wife.

According to Carter (1988), the characteristics of family structures are:

• Organized; interconnected, interdependent between family members.
• There are limitations; each member has freedom but they also have limitations in
carrying out their respective functions and duties.
• There are differences and specificities; each family member has their respective roles and
functions.

C. The Circle of Family Life

Family Life Cycle is a term used to describe changes in the number of members, the
composition and function of a family throughout its life. The family life cycle is also a picture of
the series of stages that will occur or be predicted by most families.
The family life cycle consists of variables created systematically combining demographic
variables, namely marital status, family size, age of family members, and the occupational status
of the head of the family.
In population science is usually known as the 6 stages of the family life cycle, namely:
1. Childless Stage
Starting from marriage to the birth of the first child.
2. Childbirth Stage (Developmental Stage)
Starting from the birth of the eldest child to the youngest child.
3. Intermediate Stage
Starting from the birth of the youngest child, until the eldest child leaves home or marries

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 4. Leaving the House Stage
Starting from the eldest child leaving home to the youngest child leaving home (marriage
is usually considered to leave home).
5. Parent's Retirement Stage
Starting from when the youngest child left home, until one of the couples died.
6. The widow / widening stage
Starting from the time of the death of the husband or wife, until the spouse dies.

The family life cycle in population science is considered important, for five main reasons
as follows:
1. Shows interaction between family members. Events such as birth, death, and changes in
age or status of the child, not only affect the individuals concerned, but also other family
members.
2. Make clear the continuous influence of events that occur in the early stages of the cycle
on family life until the end of the cycle.
3. Eliminating the wrong conception of the family, for example the view that the family
only goes through one or two specific stages.
4. It is an important summary of the combined effects of fertility, mortality, corruption with
economic and cultural factors.
5. Can explain various variations in socio-demographic and socioeconomic activities.

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 References

Achjar, Komang Ayu Henny. 2010. Aplikasi Praktis Asuhan Keperawatan Keluarga. Jakarta:

Sagung Seto

Ahmadi, Abu. (2002). Psikologi Sosial. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Ali Mohammad & Asrori Mohammad. 2004. Psikologi Remaja: Perkembangan Peserta Didik.
Jakarta: Bumi Aksara
Friedman, M. Marilyn. 1998. Keperawatan Keluarga. Jakarta: EGC
Harnilawati. 2013. Konsep dan Proses Keperawatan Keluarga. Sulawesi Selatan : Pustaka As
Salam

Marwisni Hasan. 2012. Bahan Ajar Psikologi Keluarga. Padang: FIP UNP

Santrok JW. 2007. Psikologi Anak. Jakarta: Erlangga

Sri Lestari. 2012. Psikologi keluarga. Jakarta: Kharisma Putra Utama.

Suprajitno. 2003. Asuhan Keperawatan Keluarga : Aplikasi dalam Praktik. Jakarta : EGC

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 Questions and Answer
A. Objective
1. A family is a collection of two or more people who live together with attachment to the
rules and emotional and individuals have their respective roles that are part of the family
Is family understanding according to
a. Friedman
b. Salvicion and Ara Celis
c. Duvall and Logan
Answer: A

2. Family is two or more individuals who live in one household because of blood relations,
marriage, or adoption. They interact with one another, have their respective roles and
create and maintain a culture.
Is family understanding according to
a. Salvicon and Ara Celis
b. Duvall and Logan
c. Bailon and Maglaya
Answer: C

3. Burgest and Locke (1960) put forward four family characteristics namely, except:
a. The family is the arrangement of people who are united by marriage ties (relationship
between husband / wife), blood (the relationship between parents and children) or
adoption.
b. Family members are characterized by living together under one roof and constituting one
household arrangement. Boarding houses and boarding houses become a household, and
can become a family, even though its members are not connected by blood, marriage or
adoption.
c. The family is a union of people who interact and communicate which creates social roles
for the husband and wife, father and mother, sons and daughters, brothers and sisters.
These roles are reinforced by the power of tradition and partly emotionally that produces
experience.

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Answer: B

4. According to Carter (1988), the characteristics of family structures are, except:

a. Organized;
b. No limitations;
c. There are differences and specificities;
Answer: B

5. In population science is usually known as the 6 stages of the family life cycle, namely:
1) Childless Stage
2) Childbirth Stage (Developmental Stage)
3) Intermediate Stage
4) Stage of Leaving the House
5) Parent's Retirement Stage.
6) Elderly Stage
a. 6,5,3,1
b. 5,6,3,2
c. 1,4,5,2
Answer: C

B. Essays
1. Explain family understanding according to Duvall and Logan!
Answer:
The family is a group of people with the ties of marriage, birth, and adoption that aims to create,
maintain culture, and enhance the physical, mental, emotional, and social development of each
family member.
2. Explain Characteristics of family structure according to Carter!
Answer:
According to Carter (1988), the characteristics of family structures are:
• Organized; interconnected, interdependent between family members.

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 • There are limitations; each member has freedom but they also have limitations in
carrying out their respective functions and duties.
• There are differences and specificities; each family member has their respective roles and
functions.
3. Mention 6 stages of the life cycle!
Answer:
In population science is usually known as the 6 stages of the family life cycle, namely:
• Childless Stage
Starting from marriage to the birth of the first child.
• Childbirth Stage (Developmental Stage)
Starting from the birth of the eldest child to the youngest child.
• Intermediate Stage
Starting from the birth of the youngest child, until the eldest child leaves home or marries
• Leaving the Home Stage
Starting from the eldest child leaving home to the youngest child leaving home (marriage is
usually considered to leave home).
• Parent Retirement Stage
Starting from when the youngest child left home, until one of the couples died.
• widow / widening stage
Starting from the time of the death of the husband or wife, until the spouse dies.

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 Yel-Yel
Family psychology ...
First, we learn about understanding.
A family is a collection of two or more people who live together with rules and emotional
attachment and individuals have their respective roles that are part of the family.

Secondly, we learn about the features

And third, we study the family's living environment
That is family psychology.

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