Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
GOVERNMENT OF JHARKHAND
DISTRICT PAKUR
(No
'Secrt Dr. B. K. Tiwari Divisional Forest
Su b-divit
IVIS Expert Member, DEIAA Officer. Pakur
)r, AA
DEIAI
u-fn
.G*Vq+
, 'U
^+ql'>.6n
Approved
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
CONTENT
Preamble 6-7
1 Introduction 8-10
1.3 Connectivity 8
6.2 Climate 55
6.3 Geomorphology 55
6.4 Soil 55
6.5 Irrigation 55
6.6 Physiography 56
6.7 Demography 56
3
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
8.1 Hydrogeology 63
9.5 Recommendation 71
4
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Forward!4gS!9
In pursuance MOEF&CC Notification S.O. 141(E) dated L5th Jan 20L6,District Environment
lmpact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) & District level Expert Appraisal Committee (DEAC) has
been forined for Category -82 Minor Minerals having area less than or equal to 5 ha.
ln line with above guideline Chief Secretary of Government of Jharkhand issued a letter to all
Deputy Commissioner's Vide letter No. -1874/Cs dated 0L-08-20L7 & Notification No.
Khani(vivid) -67/20L7/L905 dated L6-08-20L7 by Secretary, Department of Industries, Mines &
Geology, Government of Jharkhand, to prepare a District Survey Report for all minor minerals
as per guideline of sustainable Sand Mining guidelines with the assistance of lrrigation
department (Minor), Forest department , Mining & Geology Departments. The District Survey
Report (DSR) for sand had already been prepared and submitted to the Government.
Considering the extent of deposit of stone in Pakur, it is very difficult to prepare DSR in a very
short while with the available resources. The effort made by the DEIAA committee and with the
constant support from Forest Department Pakur, Mining Office Pakur, Executive Engineers from
road and Minor lrrigation to prepare this DSR in short while is commendable. This is an interim
report prepared to meet the requirement of minor minerals for the state and same shall be
updated with a time.
It is clear from the report that most of the existing operative mines are having a lease period
upto the year 2O2O and the livelihood of Pakur district is depend on mining and its related
industries. Hence, it is recommended to initiate the process of auctioning in accordance
with the existing rules/laws to meet the requirement of stone for the state and earn the
revenue and support the livelihood of Pakur, even after the year 2020.
I wish that DEIAA will make allthe efforts to complete the DSR in all respect in near future.
PREAMBLE
Prior to the formation of Jharkhand Minor Mineral Concession Rule 2004, the mining operation for
minor mineral were carried out in unscientific manner in. Identifying this fact in exercise of power,
Conferred by Section 15 by Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act 1957 and all
other powers enabling it in that behalf, the industry Mines & Geology Department, Govt. of
Jharkhand framed the aforementioned rule, and it has been amended with period of times in the
year 2007, 2010, 2014, 2015 and 2017.
Keeping in view of experience gained in period of one decade, the MOEF&CC came out with
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification S.O.-1533(E) dated 14th Sept.2006. It has been
made mandatory to obtain environmental clearance for different kinds of development
projects as listed in Scheduled -1 of notification.
Further, pursuance of the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court Petition (C) No. 19628-19629 of
2009, dated 27th Feb.2012 In the matter of Deepak Kumar etc., Vs State of Haryana and others
etc., prior environmental clearance has now become mandatory for Mining of Minor Minerals
irrespective of the area of Mining Lease.
And also in view of the Hon’ble National Green Tribunal, order dated the 13th Jan.2015 the
matter regarding Sand, Brick earth, & burrowed earth cutting for Road Construction has to take
prior E.C. For Mining Lease irrespective of the fact that whether the area involved is more or
less than 5 hectares. They also suggested to make a policy on E.C for sand including other minor
minerals mining lease in cluster.
In pursuance MOEF&CC Notification S.O. 141(E) dated 15th Jan.2016,District Environment
Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) & District level Expert Appraisal Committee (DEAC) has
been formed for Category –B2 Minor Minerals having area less than or equal to 5 ha.
MOEF&CC in consultation with State Government has prepared Guidelines on Sustainable Sand
& other Minor minerals mining detailing the provisions on Environmental Clearance for cluster.
Creation of District Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) & proper monitoring
of Minor Minerals Mining using Information Technology to track the mineral out material from
source to destination.
DEAC will scrutinize and recommend the prior environmental clearance of Mining of Minor
Mineral to DEIAA on basis of District Survey report. This will model and guiding document
which is a compendium of available mineral resources, geographical setup, environmental and
ecological set up of the district and replenishment of minerals and is based on data of various
departments, published reports, Journal and websites. The District Survey report will form the
basis for application for environmental clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of
projects. District Survey Reports are to be reviewed once in every five years as per statue,
however this is an interim report, which will be updated at regular intervals.
In line with above guideline Chief Secretary of Government of Jharkhand issued a letter to all
Deputy Commissioner’s Vide letter No. -1874/Cs dated 01-08-2017 & Notification No.
6
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
7
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
1. INTRODUCTION
PAKUR AT A GLANCE:-
2.1 Location and Geographical Area
The district Pakur is situated in the north – eastern part of the Jharkhand state. It is bounded in
the north by the Sahebganj district, in the east by West Bengal, in the south by Dumka district
and part of West Bengal state and in the west by Dumka and Godda districts. The district is
situated between 240 49’ 45” North and 240 14’ 00”North latitude and 870 24’ 00” East and 870
55’ 00” East longitude, having an area of 686.21 km2. The district falls in Survey of India topo
sheets nos. 72 P/ 5, P/ 6, P/9, P/10, P/ 11, P/ 14 and P/ 15.
Industrially the district, is not developed but in respect of mines, Pakur is famous for stone
industry. There are 246 mines and 255 crushers in operation where around one lakh labourers
are engaged. Total population of the district is 900422 (Census 2011).
The stone industry is paying 55 crore rupees per year as royalty to Government in addition to
commercial taxes. The quality of black stone chips of Pakur is excellent for construction of
buildings etc.
8
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
9
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
10
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
The mineral resources of Pakur have played a great role in industrialization, social and
economic development of the district.
Picture showing mining of Coal (left) and Stone (right) in Pakur District
11
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
12
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
PAKUR CIRCLE
24 34 87 49
Sri Ram Industries, Prop-
From 58.01 N 26.63 E To
1 Sri Jogeshwar Yadav, Basmata 1/P, 2 (Raiyati) 1.80
01.04.2010 To 24 35 87 49
Sindhpar, Pakur
01.72 N 33.88 E
Sri Pholen Hembram, S/o- 87 49
24 34 57.5
Kubraj Hembram, Vill.- 10, 11, 12 From 35.00 E To
2
Basmata, Po-
Basmata
(Raiyati)
2.70
04.02.2010 N To 24 35
87 49
Changadanga, Pakur 53.18 N
41.18 E
M/s Maa Durga Stone
Works, Prop.-Sri Soumitro 24 34 87 50
Ghosh, S/o-Sri 392/P, 388, From 51.49 N To 41.77 E To
3 Basmata 3.13
Chittaranjan Ghosh, Maa 389, 390 & 391 04.01.2016 24 34 87
Durga Colony, Thanapara,
55.78 N 5046.25 E
Pakur
M/s Madhucon Projects
Ltd., P.M.-Sri D.M. Pillai, 24 36 87 48
624 to 631,
S/o-Sri Ram Chandran, From 44.70 N To 49.11 E To
4 Bishanpur 651, 652, 677 8.25
Madhucon House, Road 01.08.2011 24 36 87 49
to 682 (Rayati)
No.-36, Hi-tach city, P.S.-
Jubly Hill, Hydrabad.
50.42 N 00.29 E
Torai Mines Excavators, 24 39 87 49
From
Prop-Sri Tarun Kr. S/o-
20 to 23 11.04.2010 10.28 N To 28.27 E To
5 V.N. Prasad, Akhtiyarpur Gokulpur 5.40
(Raiyati) renewed 10 24 39 87 49
House, Kadamkuna, Patna
years
(Bihar) 16.21 N 33.80 E
7,8P9,10P,11,12,
Shivam Stone Works, 13,14P,15P,16P,1 24 33 87 50
Part.-Sri Bimlendra 7P,18,19/461,18/ From 59.69 N To 22.77 E To
6 Harirampur 4.45
Kumar, S/o-Sri Phuldev 465P,145/P,151/ 26.03.2010 24 34 3.26 87 50
Pd., Rajapara, Pakur P,152/P,153,154
P RAYETI N 26.73 E
222/P, 223/P, 24 40 87 49
226/P, 227, From 19.94 N To 56.11 E To
7 Vivekanand Tiwari, Pakur Jogigaria 2.79
228/P, 229/P 01.06.2010 24 40 87 50 1.70
(Raiyati)
24.54 N E
1618 to 87 47
Prakash Ch. Choudhary, 1620,1622P, From 24 40 40.4
44.2 E To
8 S/o- Sri Janardan Pd. Kalidaspur 1623 to 1626, 2.80 16.08.2002 N To 24 40
Choudhary, Pakur 1634P renewed 87 47 46.1
44.00 N
(Raiyati) E
494, 496, 497, 87 47
Abdul Haque, S/o-Mahsin 24 41 9.06
500, 507 to From 34.70 E To
9 Ali, Vill.-Ramchandrapur, Kalidaspur
513, 515, 547
2.20
06.04.2015 N To 24 41
Po.-Beldanga, Pakur 87 47
& 554 15.59 N
39.93 E
13
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
14
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Sindhipara, Pakur
218/P, 219/P
221 to 229,
M/s Sunder Das
Lakhmani, Part.-Sri
267/P, 262 to 24 35 87 50
264, 269, 220, From 54.33 N To 09.58 E To
Satish Kr. Lakhmani &
20 Khaprajola 288, 289, 237, 11.65 17.09.2010
Sri Sanjay Kr. 24 36 87 50
538, 539, renewed
Lakhmani, Sidhipara,
534/P, 535/P, 02.33 N 25.42 E
Pakur
536, 526, 529
& 533 (Raiyati)
M/s Sunder Stone
Product, Prop.-Sri 24 35 87 50
From 58.30 N To 16.52 E To
Satish Kr. Lakhmani, 285 to 287, 290
21 Khaprajola 3.66 13.10.2015
S/o-Lt. Sunder Das to 295 (Raiyati) 24 36 0.73 87 50
renewed
Lakhmani, Sindhipara,
N 21.64 E
Pakur
24 35 87 50
Shyam Mandhyan, S/o-Lt. 622 to 629 & From
57.38 N To 22.52 E To
22 Bhamamal, Sindhipara, Khaprajola 631 to 637 8.19 22.05.2014
Pakur (Raiyati) Renewed 24 36 4.65 87 50
N 34.11 E
M/s N.S. & Co., Part.-Smt. 24 36 87 50
From 01.50 N To 25.97 E To
Arti Mandhyan, W/o-Late 556 to 559
23 Khaprajola 3.75 19.06.2013
Jai Kishan, Sindhipara, (G.M.) 24 36 87 50
Renewed
Pakur-
06.32 N 30.60 E
M/s N.S. & Co., Part.-Smt. 24 35 87 50
From
Arti Mandhyan, W/o-Late 546, 548, 550 58.28 To 23.29 To
24 Khaprajola 3.40 29.09.2013
Jai Kishan, Sindhipara, to 555 (Raiyati) 24 36 87 50
renewed
Pakur-
03.12 N 30.60 E
Lakhmani Stone Product,
Part-Sri Jai Kishan
Lakhmani, S/o-Late
Moolchand Lakhmani, 2.
Sri Gopi Chand Lakhmani,
S/o-Late Moolchand 204 to 213, 24 35 87 50
From
Lakhmani, 3.Sri Devanand 216, 217/P, 38.20 N To 09.58 E To
25 Khaprajola 11.00 20.04.2014
Lakhmani, S/o-Late 540, 543/P 24 36 87 50
Renewed
Gurdas Mal, 4. Sri Ritin (Raiyati)
06.30 N 22.30 E
Lakhmani, S/o-Sri
Devanand Lakhmani, 5.
Sri Ravish Lakhmani, S/o-
Late Dinanath Lakhmani,
Sindhipara, Pakur
From
Morful Sk, S/o- Anesur
104,105/P, 05.05.2013 24 40 18.5 87 48 3.0
Rahman, Jankinagar,
26 Lakhipahari 106/P, 107/P, 2.60 E.C.
Prithvinagar, Pakur Tr. N E
108/P (Raiyati) obtained
from Md. Atual Seikha
(revision)
M/s National Black Stone 24 38 87 47
Works, Prop.-Rehana 169 to 172, 12.24 N To 26.59 E To
From
27 Sultana, W/o-Abdul Matiapahari 174, 177 to 181 12.34
30.11.2015 24 38 87 47
Wahab Ansari, Tantipara, & 122/P
Pakur 25.03 N 40.24 E
15
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
16
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
17
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
15.45 E
18
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
19
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
20
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
MAHESHPUR CIRCLE
Paresh Kr. Dutta, Vill.- 24 20 87 45
From
Rampurhat Vivekanand 451, 469 00.64 N To 23.92 E To
1 Chandpur 3.37 27.12.2010
Road, Po+Ps.-Rampurhat. (Raiyati) 24 20 87 45
renewed
Distt.-Birbhum(W.B)
04.44 N 30.53 E
Lakhiram Kisku, S/o- 24 20 87 45
From
Samial Kisku, Vill.- 454,460,461 01.64 N To 31.17 E To
2 Chandpur 1.75 27.05.2014
Maheshgaria, Po- (Raiyati) 24 20 87 45
TO 31.03.20
Khagachua, Distt.-Pakur
10.49 N 37.37 E
Santosh Das, S/o-Late 24 20 87 45
Balram Das, Vill.-Kadasir, Chandpur/ 228/P,230/P, From 18.20 N To 28.26 E To
3
Sriramgaria 2.00
Po-Harioka, Distt.- 279/P (Raiyati) 13.03.2010 24 20 87 45 31
Birbhum(W.B.)
22.86 N 82 E
Md. Nazimuddin, S/o-Haji
Mohammad Tahiruddin, 147/P, 148/P, From 24 26 43.7 87 42 40.4
4 Vill.+PO.-Kashim Nagar, Dumkadanga 150/P, 151/P 3.20 24.12.2009 N To 24 26 E To 87 42
PS.-Muraroi, Distt.- (Raiyati) renewed 47.1 N 45.1 E
Birbhum (W.B.)
323,324, 24 21 87 43
M/s Hills Stone Works, 326,391, 392,
From 20.83 N To 55.56 E To
5 C/o.- Sri R.K. Tiwari, Kashinathpur 395 23.66
26.12.2008 24 21 87 44
Tanbangla, Pakur (Khash+Raiyati
) 34.92 N 14.35 E
National Stone Works 24 21 87 43
259 to 262 From 43.25 N To 57.18 E To
Prop. Jawahar Lal Singh,
6 Kashinathpur (Raiyati+Khash 7.50 30.08.2012
Vill.+Po+Ps.-Chatra, 24 21 87 44
) Renewed
Distt.-Birbhum (W.B)
53.64 N 02.63 E
24 21 87 43
Sri Atanu Sinha, Vill.- 10 years
38.21 N To 54.61 E To
7 Orpara, Po-Piliadaha, Ps.- Kashinathpur 307 (Khash) 5.40 From
Maheshpur, Distt.- Pakur 20.07.2012 24 21 87 44
43.15 N 10.56 E
21
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
PAKURIA CIRCLE
M/s Grands Mining, Part.-
Sri Narendra Singh, S/o-
Shivdutt Singh, Qa.-3030,
Sector 4/C, Bokaro Steel
City, 2. Sri Bhupendra
Singh, S/o-Sri Ramjanam From 24 16 28 N, 87 38 11 E
1 Golpur 637 (Khash) 8.33
Singh, Bhagwati Colony, 14.05.2010
Jodhadih, Chas, Bokaro, 3.
Sri Basant Soren, S/o-Sri
Sibu Soren, Qa.No.-3030,
Sector 5/A, Bokaro Steel
City,
637/P (Govt.
From
2 --Do-- Golpur Land- Paranat 6.20
22.10.2010
Patit)
*Note : Proponent has clubbed these two mines mentioned above (Area 8.33 Acre and 6.20 Acre) and
applied for enhanced production and the revised mine plan (Area 14.53 Acre) has already been
approved and revised E.C. is in process.
24 15 87 39
From 49.72 N To 14.08 E To
3 --Do-- Golpur 693 23.00
06.10.2015 24 15 87 39
58.27 N 24.31 E
22
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
24 16 87 38
From 38.42 N To 07.59 E To
4 --Do-- Golpur 298 31.33
06.10.2015 24 16 87 38
59.34 N 35.33 E
24 15 47.1 87 38 42
From
5 --Do-- Golpur 35.66
06.10.2015 N To 24 16 .4 E To 87
566 07.4 N 39 04.0 E
Sokol Murmu, S/o-Jitu 24 16 87 39
Murmu, Vill.-Pitalgaria, 6798 (Self From 43.22 N To 0.92 E To
6 Khaksa 1.56
Po+Ps-Pakuria, Distt.- Land) 17.10.2009 24 16 87 39 3.10
Pakur
46.60 N E
M/s Maa Gaytri Mines &
Minerals, Prop.-Sri Rakesh 24 17 87 38
Bhaskar, S/o-Sri Birendra From 05.56 N To 34.85 E To
7 Khaksa 6558 (khash) 5.87
Nath Singh, M.I.G./D-110, 07.01.2012 24 87 38
Harmu Housing Colony,
Ranchi
17 13.85 N 43.01 E
M/s Maa Gaytri Mines &
Minerals, Prop.-Sri Rakesh
Bhaskar, S/o-Sri Birendra From
8 Khaksa 6674 (khash) 3.89
Nath Singh, M.I.G./D-110, 07.01.2012
Harmu Housing Colony,
Ranchi
M/s Maa Gaytri Mines &
Minerals, Prop.-Sri Rakesh 24 17 87 38
Bhaskar, S/o-Sri Birendra From 08.64 N To 25.26 E To
9 Khaksa 6552 (khash) 5.94
Nath Singh, M.I.G./D-110, 07.01.2012 24 17 87 38
Harmu Housing Colony,
12.86 N 35.25 E
Ranchi
LITTIPARA CIRCLE
M/S Jharkhand Minor 1043/P, 1044, 24 43 87 42
Mineral Works, Prop.-Md. 1045, 1046/P,
From 42.20 N To 49.76 E To
1 Tipu Ansari, S/o-Haji Hathigar 1054, 1055, 5.86
07.11.2017 24 43 87 42
Tanvir Alam, Harindanga 1056, 1057 &
Bazar, Pakur 1058 51.81 N 57.15 E
AMRAPARA CIRCLE
Sri. Ajay Kr. Bhagat, S/o- 24 32 87 33
1
Sri Tulsi Pd. Bhagat, Vill- 36.90 N To 22.20 E To
Dumarchir, Ps.+Po.- 24 32 87 33
From
Amrapara, Distt.-Pakur
Udalboni 768/P (Khash) 1.80 04.10.2007 40.66 N 25.79 E
Sri. Ajay Kr. Bhagat, S/o- 24 32 87 33
2
Sri Tulsi Pd. Bhagat, Vill- 32.57 N To 20.00 E To
Dumarchir, Ps.+Po.- 24 32 87 33
From
Amrapara, Distt.-Pakur
Udalboni 768/P (Khash) 3.20 16.08.2008 36.98 N 25.43 E
Sri Sanjeev Kr., S/o-Sri
Ram Nath Bhagat, Khando
3
(Amirjola) 316 (Raiyati) 5.83
Vill.+Po-Amrapara, Distt.- From
Pakur 20.02.2009
23
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
24
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
25
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Area
Period (10
Sl.No Lease-Holder Village Plot No. in
Years)
Long Min-
Acres. Lat Min-Max
Max
PAKUR CIRCLE
Dipak Kr. Makhija, S/o-Lt. 24 34 51.37 N 87 51 4.62 E
From
1 Kanhaiyalal Makhija, Basmata 288 (Raiyati) 2.10
09.09.2009 To 24 34 54.76 To 87 51 9.38
Sindhipara, Pakur N E
Soura Construction Pvt.Ltd., 24 36 39.70 N 87 49 1.25 E
From
Prop-Sri S.K. Dutta, S/o-Lt. 719, 720
2
Sourjeet Dutta, Vill.-
Bishanpur
(Raiyati)
2.00 06.07.2011 To 24 36 43.64 To 87 49 4.92
renewed N E
Harindanga Bazar, Pakur
Soura Construction Pvt.Ltd., 24 36 42.92 N 87 49 1.98 E
674 to 676,
Prop-Sri S.K. Dutta, S/o-Lt. From
3
Sourjeet Dutta, Vill.-
Bishanpur 721,722, 724 3.21
01.04.2010 To 24 36 48.94 To 87 49 6.63
(Raiyati), N E
Harindanga Bazar, Pakur
574/P, 575/P]
702P, 709,
Bhakat Ram Mandhyan, 710P, 700, 586 From 24 36 34.50 N 87 48 48.20 E
4 Part.-Sri Piyush Mandhyan, Bishanpur to 591, 593, 10.50 18.04.2011 To 24 36 45.35 To 87 49 2.13
Vill-Sindhipara, Pakur 597, 599 to renewed N E
606, 614, 714P
and 715P
M/s Madhucon Projects
Ltd., P.M.-Sri D.M. Pillai, 24 36 43.64 N 87 48 42.27 E
S/o-Sri Ram Chandran, 608 (Govt. From
5
Madhucon House, Road
Bishanpur
Land)
5.18
07.06.2011 To 24 36 52.98 To 87 48
No.-36, Hi-tach city, P.S.- N 48.78 E
Jubly Hill, Hydrabad.
Jai Maa Tara Stone Works, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 87 49 20.4 E
Prop-Sri Rakesh Kr. Verma, 94, 95, 90 to From 24 39 07 N To
6
S/o-Lt. Rajdev Narayan
Gokulpur
97, 105
10.15
10.04.2010 To 87 49 25.5
24 39 12.5 N
Verma, Kalpara, Pakur (Raiyati) E
From 24 40 14.77 N 87 50 9.49 E
H.G.Stone Works, Prop-Sri 253, 254, 255
7
Anup Kr., Sindhipara, Pakur
Jogigaria
(Raiyati)
4.55 24.12.2010 To 24 40 20.98 To 87 50
renewed N 13.61 E
H.I.M.C, Prop-Sri Anup Kr. From
8 Lakhmani, S/o-Lt. Jogigaria 252 (Raiyati) 2.75 27.12.2009
Hirdumal, Pakur renewed
Bablu Pd. Bhagat, S/o-Sri 24 33 32.23 N 87 49 48.40 E
262,270, 273, From
Parshuram Bhagat, Vill.+Po-
9
Rajgram, Distt.-
Kanhupur 276, 277 7.50 01.10.2011 To 24 33 38.64 To 87 49
(Raiyati) renewed N 57.62 E
Birbhum(W.B)
Ali Murtja Khan, S/o-Md. 168/P, 169/P,
Iliyash Khan, Vill.+Po- 170/P, 171/P, From
10 Kanhupur 3.71
Rajgram, Distt.- 172/P, 173 19.08.2010
Birbhum(W.B) (Raiyati)
Bidhanchandra Trigunayat, 24 40 24.80 N 87 48 19.75 E
From
S/o- Sri Vikash Chandra 593 to 598
11
Trigunayat, Vill.-Chhoti
Kashila
(Raiyati)
1.75 20.07.2011 To 24 40 26.72 To 87 48
renewed N 26.57 E
Rajbari, Pakur
Pancharatna Bhagat, S/o-Lt. 572,573,587,58 24 40 26.40 N 87 48 17.42 E
From
Shambhu Nath Bhagat, 8,590,
12
Vill.+Po-Sangrampur,
Kashila
593/P,595
3.50 09.07.2011 To 24 40 31.03 To 87 48
renewed N 23.48 E
Distt.-Pakur (Raiyati)
26
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
27
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
28
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
29
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
30
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
31
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
32
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Pakur
33
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
34
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
35
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
36
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Area
Sl. No. Name of Lessee Mouza/ P.S. Plot No. (Acres)
1 Satyam Shivam Sundaram Baliapatra 6P 6.8
2 M/s Hills Stone Works, C/o, - Sri R. K. Tiwari, Kasinathpur 256, 257, 262/P, 12.00
Tanbanga, Pakur 258, 268, 267/P
3 Three Star Stone Works, Md. Kamaluddin Sk. Kasinathpur 295 to 297 4.50
S/o Sri Riyasat Ali, Vil.-Barha, P.O.-Raddipur, (Raiyati + Khash)
Dist.-Pakur
4 Mr. Mukesh Kr. Singh, S/o Sri Moti Pd. Singh, Huliapatra 81, 100, 101/P 7.00
1109, Nashkar Hat Road, Madhyapara, Kolkata- (Raiyati + Khash)
39, Tr take to Dristi Stone Works
5 M/s Maa Rakkha Kali Stone Works, Part-1-Sri Chandpur 353/P, 582 8.98
Basudev Lalbani, S/o-Late Haridas Lalbani, (Khash)
Nalhatti, Birbhum (W.B.) 2-Sri Shishir Kr.
Chatterjee, S/o Late Harendra Kr. Chatterjee,
Ranchandrapur, Birbhum (W.B.) tr. From
Premchand Gangwani, S/o Lakhman Das
Gangwani, Sindhipara, Pakur
Area
Period (10
Sl.No Lease-Holder Village Plot No. in
Years)
Long Min-
Acres. Lat Min-Max
Max
PAKUR CIRCLE
Soura Construction Pvt.Ltd., 24 36’ 39.70” 87 49’ 1.25”
From
Prop-Sri S.K. Dutta, S/o-Lt. 719, 720
Sourjeet Dutta, Vill.-
Bishanpur
(Raiyati)
2.00 06.07.2011 N To 24 36’ E To 87 49’
renewed 43.64” N 4.92” E
Harindanga Bazar, Pakur
Soura Construction Pvt.Ltd., 24 36’ 42.92” 87 49’ 1.98”
674 to 676,
Prop-Sri S.K. Dutta, S/o-Lt. From
1 Sourjeet Dutta, Vill.-
Bishanpur 721,722, 724 3.21
01.04.2010 N To 24 36’ E To 87 49’
(Raiyati), 48.94” N 6.63” E
Harindanga Bazar, Pakur
574/P, 575/P] 24 36’ 34.50”
Bhakat Ram Mandhyan, 702P, 709, From 87 48’ 48.20”
N To 24 36’
Part.-Sri Piyush Mandhyan, Bishanpur 710P, 700, 586 10.50 18.04.2011 E To 87 49’
Vill-Sindhipara, Pakur to 591, 593, renewed 45.35” N
2.13” E
597, 599 to
37
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
38
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Sindhipara, Pakur
39
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
28.30” N 54.04 E
Dewendra Kr. Chandani,
S/o-Sri Tirath Das 24 35 12.11 N 87 50 51.41 E
263, 269, 272, From
Chandani, Sindhipara, Pakur Pipaljori
273 (Raiyati)
3.46
02.04.2008 To 24 35 21.69 To 87 50
Tr. From -Shiv Shakti Stone N 57.05 E
Works
Radga Murmu, S/o-Mishir 24 35 28.71 N 87 50 22.06 E
2/P (Govt. From
Murmu, Vill.-Pipaljori, Po- Pipaljori
Land)
2.69
20.02.2009 To 24 35 32.82 To 87 50
Changadanga, Pakur N 29.52 E
Ragda Murmu, S/o-Mishir 223P, 224, From 24 35 21.39 N 87 51 4.18 E
Murmu, Vill.-Pipaljori, Po- Pipaljori 282, 283, 284, 2.91 16.07.10 To 24 35 27.63 To 87 51 9.35
Changadanga, Pakur 285 (Raiyati) renewed N E
M/s Pakur Black Stone, 24 35 1.76 N
Prop-Sri Dilip Kumar, S/o- 515/P, 526/P, 87 50 46.51 E
From To 24 35 15.12
Sri Triveni Singh, Vill.- Pipaljori 680, 689 7.16
13.08.2009 To 87 51 2.35
Deonar Chowk, Po- (Raiyati) N
E
Darbhanga,
40
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Remarks- Eight nos. blocks has been proposed and the total area has been indicated in red
colour.
41
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
42
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
43
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
44
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
45
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
46
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
47
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
48
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
49
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
50
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
51
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
52
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Figures in Lakhs
53
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
54
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Pakur is surrounded by three main rivers namely Bansloi, Torai & Brahmini. Bansloi and Torai
rivers flows in the middle while Brahmini flows in the southern part of the district. The river
Ganges passes at a little distance away, along the north eastern boundary of the district. The
other rivers of the district are Gumani, Torai, Bansloi and Brahmni. All the rivers flow from west
to east direction except river Gumani which flows from SW to NE direction. The drainage
pattern of the district is dendritic. All the rivers are tributaries of river Ganga and are seasonal
in nature.
6.2 Climate
The district is characterized by humid to sub-humid climate. During summer the hot spell
prevails from March to middle of June. Rainy season started from middle of June to end to
September. Winter starts from the middle of November and continues till the end of February.
The district experiences great heat from March to May, when the maximum temperature
reaches up to 400C. December is the coldest month when the minimum temperatures fall down
up to 40C
6.3 Geomorphology
Major part of the district is characterized by undulating topography covered by basaltic flows of
Rajmahal Trap. The district is mainly drained by the river Bansloi, Brahmani, Torai and Gumani.
All these rivers are seasonal in nature. Major drainages of the district appear to have a west to
easterly flow direction. The main geomorphological features of the district are the rolling
peneplain in the south with numerals remnants of ancient ridges and resistant lava plateau of
Rajmahal.
These plateaus rise above the general level and occupy major part of the district. The general
elevation of the hills and plateau varies from 70 to 371 m above MSL.
6.4 Soil
The major soil type of the district is the Rajmahal type soil which is derived from basaltic lava.
These soils black in colour are very fertile and restricted to Rajmahal lava areas. The other soil
type of the district are Red soil, eroded scarp soil, foothill soils, Tal soil and alluvial soil. The red
soils are light to medium and are red to yellow or light grey in colour. The eroded scarp soil
occurs in transverse section of dissected, descending scarp land at various altitude of upland.
The yellowish red foothill soils occur in the eastern fringe of the district. The al soil is found in
the back water belt of the Ganga araund Pakur when the rain water remains collected in the
rainy season.
The major part of the district being rocky, it is difficult to dig wells. Where there exists facility
for irrigation during Rabi season from the ponds, Wheat is the major crop growing in that area.
6.5 Irrigation
Undulating topographic features characterize the district. The agricultural activity of the district
is solely dependent upon the monsoon rainfall and the Kharif crops mainly paddy and maize
are grown extensively. Irrigational facilities are not adequate in the district. Dug well is the most
55
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
common source of irrigation, but this is not very dependable source. The major part of the
district being rocky, it is difficult to dig wells. Where there exists facility for irrigation during
Rabi season from the ponds, wheat is the major crop grown in that area.
6.6 Physiography
The district contains three distinct tracts viz. portion of Domini Koh, Pargana Ambar and
Pargana Sultanabad. Damini Koh in the north western corner is hilly tract and covers 31 percent
area of the district. Pargana Ambar and Paragana Sultanabad are rice plains. Geologically the
area has basaltic trap and sedimentary beds. Quartz and gneisses are found in some places. The
principal rivers flowing are Bansloi, Brahamani, Pagla, Torai and Gimani.
6.7 Demography
In the absence of major industries and employment opportunities, the economic options are
limited to agriculture. Stone chips, rice milling, biri rolling, manufacturing of gur from sugarcane
and date (Khajur), forest produce such as Mahua, Sabai grass, tasser, and bamboo are the
sources of generating income for a significant proportion of the people of the district. Barbatti
(vegetable) is also good source of income for the Paharia tribe. Poultry farming, piggery, animal
husbandry and fisheries also provide supplementary income.
56
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
SC Population 28,469
ST Population 379,054
Non-Workers 495,838
57
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
6.8 Forest
The area comprises of agricultural land. There are no National Parks, Sanctuary or
ecologically sensitive areas within the 10 km periphery of the district. Due to high
temperature and humidity the area comprises of tropical moist deciduous vegetation. No
wildlife protected area declared protected under “Wildlife (Protection) Act-1972”is located
within 10 km radius of the district.
Forest cover in the state, based on interpretation of satellite data of November 2008- January
2009, is 22,977 Km2 which is 28.82% of the state’s geographical area (GA). In terms of forest
canopy density classes, the state has 2,590 Km2area under very dense forest, 9,917 Km2 area
under moderately dense forest and 10,470 Km2
2011 Assessment
District Geograph Very Moder- Open Total Percent Change Scrub
ical Area Dense ate. Forest of GA
Km2 Forest Dense
Forest
Bokaro 1,929 64 244 252 560 29.03 0 48
Chatra 3,732 251 863 663 1,777 47.62 -5 15
Deoghar 2,479 0 84 85 169 6.82 0 5
Dhanbad 2,996 0 50 155 205 6.84 0 17
Dumka 6,212 0 314 323 637 10.25 0 58
Garhwa 4,092 124 406 835 1,365 33.36 0 55
Giridih 4,963 98 422 344 864 17.41 10 8
Godda 2,110 15 268 116 399 18.91 0 25
Gumla 9,077 324 919 1,414 2,657 29.27 0 33
Hazaribagh 5,998 272 626 1,164 2,062 34.38 9 44
Koderma 1,435 68 321 207 596 41.53 -4 0
Lohardaga 1,491 174 219 110 503 33.74 0 10
Pakur 1,571 3 172 108 283 18.01 0 19
Palamu 8,657 529 1,809 1,189 3,527 40.74 0 88
West Singhbhum 9,907 453 1,559 1,829 3,841 38.77 6 81
East Singhbhum 3,533 53 621 404 1,078 30.51 67 38
Ranchi 7,698 141 684 1,079 1,904 24.73 0 67
Sahebganj 1,834 21 336 193 550 29.99 0 72
Grand 79,714 2,590 9,917 10,470 22,977 28.82 83 683
Total
(Source: India state of forest report 2011-Jharkhand)
58
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Aquatic Fauna:
Amphibian: Amphibians are commonly found at the places along the margin of aquatic
and terrestrial systems. Due to presence of water bodies like river, nalas, etc. the study
area is providing shelter to many amphibian species. Some of the commonly reported
species are Bufo melanostictus (common Indian toad), Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Indian
skipper frog), Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Indian bull frog) etc.
59
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Fishes: River Brahmini is seasonal river flowing from south west to north east does
not support significant habitat for fish population. However the Bansloi River flowing
from North West to north east supports some fish population. The fish species which
are commonly found in the proposed site are Labeo bata (Bhangan or Bata), Gudusia
chapara (Chappera or Palla), Labeo rohita (Dumra or Dhambra), Notopterus
notopterus (Pari or Battu),Catla catla (Theila), Clarius batrachus (mangur), etc.
60
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
61
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
62
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
8.1 Hydrogeology
Rajmahal Trap is the major rock type in the district. The other geological formation of the
district are alluvium, Laterite and Gondwana. In the eastern part of the district, recent alluvium
occurs in patches, which is mainly composed of sand and sub ordinate clay. Laterites are
mainly of in situ origin and have been formed by sub-aerial erosion of underlying basalts under
favourable climatic conditions. Laterites provide a productive ground water reservoir due to
very good porous and permeable nature. The most significant Barakar coal measures of
Gondwana formation occurs in western part of the district.
Rajmahal traps having a large thickness of basaltic lava flows occur in the major part of the
district. The different units of the lava flows are the main water bearing horizons in basaltic
formation. The basic properties such as the ability to receive recharge, holding capacity of
water to take into storage and transmit it as ground water by gravity are different for different
litho units of the trappean flows. The massive basaltic unit is hard and compact in nature with
negligible primary porosity and permeability. But the process of weathering and structural
deformations, development of secondary porosity such as joints and fractures make it to act as
good ground water reservoir. The vesicular units have abundant vesicles that contribute to high
degree of porosity and permeability to serve as potential aquifers. The ground water occurs
under water table conditions in near surface weathered, jointed and fractured basaltic zone.
The water bearing zone occurring between depths of 15-40 m are either interflow weathered
shear zones or directly connected to shallow aquifer in widely spaced major joints and
fractures. These forms semi confined aquifer. Below the depth of 40 m, where the fracture
porosity is insignificant, the weathered flow contacts are completely cut-off from lower aquifer
on account of intervening high impermeable massive basalts and intertrappean beds give rise
to confining conditions. The hydro-geological map is shown in Figure -3.
Exploratory wells:
To understand the sub surface geology, identify the various water bearing horizons including
their depth, thickness, etc. and for computing the hydraulic characteristics such as
Transmissivity and Storability of the aquifers, exploratory drilling programme was carried out
under AAP 1982 – 83. There are 05 exploratory wells and 04 observation wells were drilled in
the district. The depth of exploratory wells ranges between 80.0 to 200.00 mbgl. The static
water level of these exploratory wells varies from 1.55 to 11.36 mbgl. The Transmissivity value
varies from 2.00 to 86.29 m2/ day, while the Storability values varying from 01.30 X 10-5 to 06.6
X 10-4.
63
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
monsoon and post monsoon depth to water level maps (2012) of the district prepared and
shown in Figure 1 and 2 (at the end of this chapter) respectively.
The results of ground water samples were evaluated in accordance with the ISI – 1993
standard for drinking purpose. In general the quality of ground water in the phreatic aquifer is
acceptable except few samples, which are showing nitrate concentration more than permissible
64
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
limit. As per the ground water management study (2006 – 07), the nitrate concentration more
than permissible limit has been observed in the villages namely Bannawgram, Kaira Chhatar,
Parerkola, Litipara and Tarai. The Fluoride concentration more than permissible limit (bore well
samples) has been observed in the villages – Dharampur Morh, Amrapara, Bannawgram,
Dhekiduba, Jatang Khakhsa and Rajdaha. The EC value ranges from 280 – 2160 micro
Siemens/cm at 250c.
65
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
66
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
67
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
68
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
69
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
From this point of view, the Pakur district may be divided into two parts –
1) Western part of the district which is having undulating topography with hills is suitable for
check dam, gabion structures and contour bunding and trenching
2) Middle and eastern part is suitable for percolation tanks and nala bunds.
70
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Central Ground Water Board organized a mass awareness programme at Pakur on 22nd March
2007, on “Rain Water Harvesting and Artificial Recharge”. About 150 peoples from different
organizations participated in the programme including representatives of NGO’S. In the
addition to technical lectures a quiz competition on ground water related topic was conducted
for college students.
Presentation and Lecture deliver in public forum / Radio / T.V / Institution of repute /
Grassroots association / NGO / Academic institution etc. – Nil
9.5 RECOMMENDATION:-
1. Flouride concentration in ground water (bore well ) exceeds the permissible limits
in/around villages Dharampur Morh, Amrapara, Bannawgram, Dhekiduba, Jatang
Khakhsa and Rajdaha. In fluorideaffected area, the ground water must be used after
deflouridation through fluoride removal plants. Alternative source may be identified.
The existing fluoride affected sources may be sealed.
2. Nitrate concentration in shallow aquifer (dug well) is found more than permissible
limit in/around villages Bannawgram (Pakuria Block), Kairachhatar (Maheshpur Block)
and Litipara (Litipara Block). The bore well may be a better alternate option for the
drinking water purposes for the above villages.
3. The exploration data indicate that poor success rate of bore wells in the district. Thus
geophysical survey may be adopted for selection of suitable sites for ground water
exploration and drilling of production bore wells.
4. Rooftop rain water harvesting and artificial recharge practice may be adopted in the
Pakur town where the post monsoon water level (NHS) has been found upto 13.10
mbgl.
5. In order to conserve run off water during monsoon, it is suggested to construct the
water conservation structures at suitable places to facilitate the ground water
recharge. These recharge structure may be constructed in and around Amrapara,
Maheshpur and Pakuria blocks, where the long term (2002 – 2011) water level trend is
showing declining trend for the pre-monsoon as well as post-monsoon period.
71
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
72
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
(9 – 12 – 13)
Availability
Irrigation
Sr.
1 2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 Litipara 2485.62 92.34 147.43 239.77 202.25 2191.03 9.65 Safe
2 Amrapara 1682.11 53.36 89.90 143.26 123.33 1505.42 8.52 Safe
3 Hiranpur 1245.91 39.44 114.83 154.27 157.53 1048.94 12.38 Safe
4 Pakur 1597.82 134.78 341.09 475.87 497.61 965.43 29.78 Safe
73
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
TABLE 5: DETAILS OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES AND STAGE OF GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT IN
development (9 – 12
Availability for future
Categorization for
Net Annual Ground
Water Availability
Stage of Ground
Industrial water
Water Draft for
(12/9)*100 (%)
Water Draft for
future ground
Gross Ground
Gross Ground
Gross Ground
development
Domestic and
Uses (10+11)
- exploited)
and Industrial
Irrigation
irrigation
District
water
– 13)
No.
Sr.
1 2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 Litipara 2485.62 92.34 147.43 239.77 202.25 2191.03 9.65 Safe
2 Amrapara 1682.11 53.36 89.90 143.26 123.33 1505.42 8.52 Safe
3 Hiranpur 1245.91 39.44 114.83 154.27 157.53 1048.94 12.38 Safe
4 Pakur 1597.82 134.78 341.09 475.87 497.61 965.43 29.78 Safe
5 Maheshp 3885.37 243.28 287.60 530.88 394.54 3247.54 13.66 Safe
6 ur
Pakuria 1787.94 19.02 150.49 169.51 206.45 1562.46 9.48 Safe
Total 12684.77 582.22 1131.34 1713.56 1581.71 10520.82 Avg. --
13.91
74
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
The area receives rainfall by South-West monsoon. Rainy season sets in the middle of June and
lasts till September. The normal average rainfall in the district is 1399 mm.
12 Dec 0 0 0 0 0
The Indian Meteorological Department, Nagpur, vide letter No. NAGPUR RMC/CS-312, dated
18th January, 2016 has provided the period of Rainy Season viz. Normal dates of Onset and
Withdrawal of South West Monsoon over India as state-wise. The duration for the period is
10th June to 15th October.
75
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Major part of the district is characterized by undulating topography covered by basaltic flows of
Rajmahal Trap. The main geomorphological features of the district are the rolling pen plain in
the south with numerous remnants of ancient ridges and resistant lava plateau of Rajmahal.
These plateaus rise above the general level and occupy major part of the district. The general
elevation of the hills and plateau varies from70 to 371 m above MSL.
Rajmahal Trap is the major rock type in the district. The other geological formations of the
district are alluvium, Laterite and Gondwana. In the eastern part of the district, recent alluvium
occurs in patches, which is mainly composed of sand and sub ordinate clay. Laterites are mainly
of in situ origin and have been formed by sub-aerial erosion of underlying basalts under
favourable climatic conditions. Laterites provide a productive ground water reservoir due to
their very porous and permeable nature. The most significant Barker coal measures of
Gondwana formation occurs in western part of the district.
The district of Santhal Paragons is mainly a dissected upland of ancient crystalline rocks which
are covered with thick flows of volcanic lava. The ancient crystalline rocks, collectively called
the Archaean gneisses, cover the greater part of the district. The principal rock is a granitoid
gneiss earlier known as the Bengal gneiss.
76
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
77
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
78
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Barakar Sandstone, shale, and carbonaceous shale with coal seam Lower Permian
Lower Unconformity
79
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Almost all the 24 districts are affected by different kind of Disaster. There is great need to
strengthen the capacity of State, District, Block and newly formed Panchayat level of
departments, institutions and functionaries to respond to the Disaster at their own level in
participation of community. Jharkhand is vulnerable to following kind of Hazards:-
• Drought,
• Mining Accidents,
• Chemical and Industrial Hazards,
• Lightning,
• Bird Flu,
• Flood,
• Earthquake,
• Fire / Forest Fire,
• Elephant Attacks,
• Climate Change, Biodiversity loss,
• Naxalism/Landmine Blasts etc.
80
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
The Chasnala mining disaster happened on 27 December 1975 in a coal mine near Dhanbad
caused by an explosion in the mine followed by flooding which killed 372 miners.
The Dhanbad coal mine disaster occurred on May 28, 1965, in a coal mine near Dhanbad. On
the fateful day, there was an explosion in Ghori Dhori colliery near Dhanbad, which led to fire in
the mines which killed 375 miners.
81
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Impact on Environment due to mining activities varies based on the quantam of production
rate proposed. The different activities envolved before & during mining are narrated below,
which helps to asses the impact on environment.
• Exploration:
A mining project can only commence with knowledge of the extent and value of the
mineral ore deposit. Information about the location and value of the mineral ore deposit is
obtained during the exploration phase. This phase includes surveys, field studies, and
drilling test boreholes and other exploratory excavations.
The exploratory phase may involve clearing of wide areas of vegetation (typically in
lines), to allow the entry of heavy vehicles mounted with drilling rigs. Many countries
require a separate EIA for the exploratory phase of a mining project because the
impacts of this phase can be profound and because further phases of mining may not
ensue if exploration fails to find sufficient quantities of high-grade mineral ore deposits
of economical values.
• Development
If the mineral ore exploration phase proves that there is a large enough mineral ore
deposit, of sufficient grade, then the project proponent may begin to plan for the
development of the mine. This phase of the mining project has several distinct
components.
• Site preparation
If a mine site is located in a remote, undeveloped area, the project proponent may need
to begin by clearing land for the construction of staging areas that would house project
personnel and equipment. Even before any land is mined, activities associated with site
preparation and clearing can have significant environmental impacts, especially if they are
within or adjacent to ecologically sensitive areas. The EIA must assess, separately, the
impacts associated with site preparation and clearing.
• Active mining
Once a mining company has constructed access roads and prepared staging areas that
would house project personnel and equipment, mining may commence. All types of active
mining share a common aspect, i.e. the extraction and concentration (or beneficiation) of
a metal from the earth. Proposed mining projects differ considerably in the proposed
method for extracting and concentrating the metallic ore. In almost every case, metallic
82
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
ores are buried under a layer of ordinary soil or rock (called ‘overburden’ or ‘waste rock’)
that must be moved or excavated to allow access to the ore deposit. The first way in
which proposed mining projects differ is the proposed method of moving or excavating
the overburden. What follows are brief descriptions of the most common methods.
• Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining is a type of strip mining in which the ore deposit extends very deep in the
ground, necessitating the removal of layer upon layer of overburden and ore.
In many cases, logging of trees and clear-cutting or burning of vegetation above the ore
deposit may precede removal of the overburden. The use of heavy machinery, usually
bulldozers and dump trucks, is the most common meas of removing overburden. Open-
pit mining often involves the removal of natively vegetated areas, and is therefore
among the most environmentally- destructive types of mining, especially within tropical
forests.
• Underground mining
In underground mining, a minimal amount of overburden is removed to gain access to the
ore deposit. Access to this ore deposit is gained by tunnels or shafts. Tunnels or shafts lead
to a more horizontal network of underground tunnels that directly access the ore. In an
underground mining method called ‘stoping’ or ‘block caving,’ sections or blocks of rock
are removed in vertical strips that leave a connected underground cavity that is usually
filled with cemented aggregate and waste rock.
83
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
substances, are usually deposited on-site, either in piles on the surface or as backfill
in open pits, or within underground mines. Therefore, the EIA for a proposed mining
project must carefully assess the management options and associated impacts of
overburden disposal.
• Site reclamation and closure
When active mining ceases, mine facilities and the site are reclaimed and closed. The
goal of mine site reclamation and closure should always be to return the site to a
condition that most resembles the pre-mining condition. Mines that are notorious for
their immense impact on the environment often made impacts only during the
closure phase, when active mining operations ceased. These impacts can persist for
decades and even centuries. Therefore, the EIA for every proposed mining project
must include a detailed discussion of the mine Reclamation and Closure Plan offered
by the mining proponent.
Mine reclamation and closure plans must describe in sufficient detail how the mining
company will restore the site to a condition that most resembles pre-mining
environmental quality; how it will prevent – in perpetuity – the release of toxic
contaminants from various mine facilities (such as abandoned open pits and tailings
impoundments); and how funds will be set aside to insure that the costs of reclamation
and closure will be paid for.
Acid mine drainage is considered one of mining most serious threats to water resources. A
mine with acid mine drainage has the potential for long-term devastating impacts on rivers,
streams and aquatic life.
84
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
PERPETUAL POLLUTION:
Acid mine drainage is particularly harmful because it can continue indefinitely causing
damage long after mining has ended. Due to the severity of water quality impacts from
acid mine drainage, many hardrock mines across the west require water treatment in
perpetuity. Even with existing technology, acid mine drainage is virtually impossible to stop
once the reactions begin.
To permit an acid generating mine means that future generations will take responsibility
for a mine that must be managed for possibly hundreds of years.”
Human health,
Environment (water, soil, wildlife),
Infrastructure,
Large-scale mining has the potential to contribute significantly to air pollution, especially in
the operation phase. All activities during ore extraction, processing, handling, and
transport depend on equipment, generators, processes and materials that generate
hazardous air pollutants such as particulate matter, heavy metals, carbon monoxide, sulfur
dioxide, and nitrogen oxides.
85
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Transportation sources
Transporation sources of air pollutants include heavy vehicles used in excavation operations,
cars that transport personnel at the mining site, and trucks that transport mining materials.
The level of polluting emissions from these sources depends on the fuel and conditions of the
equipment. Even though individual emissions can be relatively small, collectively these
emissions can be of real concern. In addition, mobile sources are a major source of particulate
matter, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds that contribute significantly to the
formation of ground-level ozone.
Stationary sources
The main gaseous emissions are from combustion of fuels in power generation
installations, and drying, roasting, and smelting operations. Many producers of precious
metals smelt metal on-site, prior to shipping to off-site refineries. Typically, gold and
silver is produced in melting/fluxing furnaces that may produce elevated levels of
airborne mercury, arsenic, sulfur dioxide, and other metals.
Fugitive emissions
Common sources of fugitive emissions include: storage and handling of materials; mine
processing; fugitive dust, blasting, construction activities, and roadways associated with
mining activities; leach pads, and tailing piles and ponds; and waste rock piles. Sources
andcharacteristics of fugitive emissions dust in mining operations vary in each case, as do
their impacts. Impacts are difficult to predict and calculate but should be considered
since they could be a significant source of hazardous air pollutants.
Noise pollution associated with mining may include noise from vehicle engines, loading
and unloading of rock into steel dumpers, chutes, power generation, and other sources.
Cumulative impacts of shoveling, ripping, drilling, blasting, transport, crushing, grinding,
and stock-piling can significantly affect wildlife and nearby residents.
Vibrations are associated with many types of equipment used in mining operations, but
blasting is considered the major source. Vibration has affected the stability of
infrastructures, buildings, and homes of people living near large-scale open-pit mining
operations. According to a study commissioned by the European Union in 2000:
“Shocks and vibrations as a result of blasting in connection with mining can lead to noise,
dust and collapse of structures in surrounding inhabited areas. The animal life, on which
the local population may depend, might also be disturbed.”
86
PAKUR, District of Black Stone
Conclusion
13 nos new potential areas have been identified that are found to be out of
Reserved Forest or Protected Forest or Jhangal Jhari or Damin area as per data
provided by Forest Department of Pakur. It is recommended to get those areas
verified by consulting with DFO, CO, Gram Sabha/other authorities befor opting for
EC or any other statutory clearances. Since it is an interim report, to meet the
requirement of stone in the present scenario due to expiry of majority of existing
operating mines lease by 2020, it is proposed to identify such potential areas at
certain interval and get the data bank of DSR to be updated.
REFERENCES
87