Power Plant

A power plant is an industrial facility used to generate electric power with the help of one or more
generators which converts different energy sources into electric power.

Electricity is a secondary energy source, which means that electricity is obtained from the conversion of
other primary sources of energy, such as coal, natural gas, nuclear, solar, or wind energy.
The energy sources used to make electricity can be renewable or non-renewable, but electricity itself is
neither renewable or non-renewable. The power plant is the location in which the energy conversions
take place.

Traditionally, large power plants have been located in sub-urban regions away from cities, as they need a
vast area of land and sometimes water. All electricity produced in a power plant is alternating current
(AC). The type of electric current found in your home is direct current (DC)[1].

In general, power plants can be divided into two categories - conventional and non-conventional power
plants.

Conventional Power Plant

Conventional power plant is the general term applied to the production of electrical energy from coal, oil,
or natural gas using the intermediary of steam. The generator is usually a synchronous machine having a
small number of poles (two or four) and running at high speeds (1500–3600 rpm).

Steam Engines power plant / steam turbine power plant

Steam power plants consist of one or a group of steam boilers and one or more steam power sources (st
eam engines or steam turbines) with auxiliary mechanisms, apparatus, and instruments. The simplest st
eam power plant is the steam power unit, which is composed of a fire-
tube boiler on which a piston steam engine is mounted. High-
power steam power plants consist of steam boilers and steam turbines with condensing equipment.

Diesel Power Plants

A Diesel power station(also known as Stand-by power station) uses a diesel engine as prime mover for the
generation of electrical energy.

This power station is generally compact and thus can be located where it is actually required. This kind
of power station can be used to produce limited amounts of electrical energy. In most countries these
power stations are used as emergency supply stations.
Gas turbine power plants

The gas turbine is the engine at the heart of the power plant that produces electric current.

A gas turbine is a combustion engine that can convert natural gas or other liquid fuels to mechanical
energy. This energy then drives a generator that produces electrical energy. It is electrical energy that
moves along power lines to homes and businesses.

To generate electricity, the gas turbine heats a mixture of air and fuel at very high temperatures, causing
the turbine blades to spin. The spinning turbine drives a generator that converts the energy into
electricity.

The gas turbine can be used in combination with a steam turbine—in a combined-cycle power plant—to
create power extremely efficiently.

Hydro-electric power plant

Hydro power is electrical energy produced through the power of moving water. Power obtained from the
(typically gravitational) movement of water., Hydropower plants derive energy from the force of moving
water and harness this energy for useful purposes. Traditional uses include watermills. In modern
technology, hydropwer moves turbines that pass on their energy to a generator which then produces
electric power. Hydropower is a type of renewable energy, and once the power plant is constructed it
produces little to no waste. Globally, hydropower contributes more electricity than any other renewable
energy type.

Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear power plants are a type of power plant that use the process of nuclear fission in order to generate
electricity. They do this by using nuclear reactors in combination with the Rankine cycle, where
the heat generated by the reactor converts water into steam, which spins a turbine and a generator.

Non-conventional Power Plant

Power plants that uses Natural resources like wind, tides, solar, biomass, etc generate energy which is
known as “Non-conventional resources“. These are pollution free and hence we can use these to produce
a clean form of energy without any wastage.

Thermoelectric power Generator

Thermoelectric power generator, any of a class of solid-state devices that either convert heat directly
into electricity or transform electrical energy into thermal power for heating or cooling. Such devices are
based on thermoelectric effects involving interactions between the flow of heat and of electricity through
solid bodies.

Thermo-ionic Generator

A device for converting heat into electricity through the use of thermionic emission and no working fluid
other than electric charges. An elementary thermionic generator, or thermionic converter, consists of a
hot metal surface (emitter) separated from a cooler electrode (collector) by an insulator seal

Fuel-cells Power plants

The fuel cell relies on a basic oxidation/reduction reaction, as with a battery, but the reaction takes place
on the fuel rather than the electrodes. The fuel cell produces electricity as long as the cell receives a supply
of fuel and can dispose of the oxidized old fuel

Photovoltaic solar cells power system

A photovoltaic system employs solar modules, each comprising a number of solar cells, which generate
electrical power. PV installations may be ground-mounted, rooftop mounted, wall mounted or floating.
The mount may be fixed or use a solar tracker to follow the sun across the sky.

MHD Power Plants

Magnetohydrodynamic power generator, any of a class of devices that generate electric power by means
of the interaction of a moving fluid (usually an ionized gas or plasma) and a magnetic field.
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power plants offer the potential for large-scale electrical power generation
with reduced impact on the environment.

Fussion Reactor NPP Power System

A nuclear reactor produces and controls the release of energy from splitting the atoms of certain
elements. In a nuclear power reactor, the energy released is used as heat to make steam to generate
electricity. (In a research reactor the main purpose is to utilise the actual neutrons produced in the core.
In most naval reactors, steam drives a turbine directly for propulsion.)

Biogas, Biomass Energy Power System

Biomass is used for facility heating, electric power generation, and combined heat and power. The term
biomass encompasses a large variety of materials, including wood from various sources, agricultural
residues, and animal and human waste.

Geothermal Energy

They essentially work the same as a coal or nuclear power plant, the main difference being the heat
source. With geothermal, the Earth's heat replaces the boiler of a coal plant or the reactor of a nuclear
plant.

Wind Energy Power Systems

Wind energy is a form of solar energy.[1] Wind energy (or wind power) describes the process by which
wind is used to generate electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical
power.

Ocean Thermal energy conversion (OTEC)

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that can produce electricity by using the
temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters. OTEC plants
pump large quantities of deep cold seawater and surface seawater to run a power cycle and produce
electricity. OTEC is firm power (24/7), a clean energy source, environmentally sustainable and capable of
providing massive levels of energy.

Wave and Tidal Wave

Turning the energy of the ocean's waves and tides into power that we can use is a new and unproven
technology. However, the potential is there for a significant renewable and environmentally clean energy
source.

Wave energy is energy harnessed from the waves of the ocean. Waves are formed by wind moving across
the surface of the ocean.

Tidal energy is energy produced by the tides of the ocean. Tides are produced by the pull of gravity from
the Moon as well as the spin of the Earth.

Energy Plantation Scheme