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MANAGEMENT & MOBILITY > WINDOWS 8

Migrating Active Directory Domain Controller from


Windows Server 2012 R2 to Windows Server 2016
Karim Buzdar | Feb 27, 2017

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I have written this article to help you migrate your existing Active Directory Domain Controller which is
running on Windows Server 2012 R2 to Windows Server 2016. So, let’s get started!

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Migrating to Windows Server 2016: Important Notes

In my lab environment, I am using standard edition with desktop experience for both Windows Server
2012 R2 DC and Windows Server 2016. You cannot switch from Server Core installation to a Server with
Desktop Experience (and vice versa). Before you move, please see Supported Upgrade Paths for Windows
Server 2016 and Windows Server Installation and Upgrade for details, including upgrade path limitations,
license conversion and conversion of evaluation edition to retail.

Preparing Windows Server 2016

- Configure the network settings and point to DNS of Windows Server 2012 R2 domain controller. Verify
and resolve your domain from command prompt

- Install latest updates from Microsoft 

- Turn off windows firewall

Installing Active Directory Domain Services on Windows Server 2016

Step 1: Login to windows Server 2016 machine with local admin credentials

Step 2: Open server manager dashboard, click Add Roles and features 

Step 3: Click Next

Step 4: Choose destination server (Windows Server 2016) for Active Directory domain services role from server pool and click Next 

Step 5: Choose “Role-based or feature-based installation” radio button and click Next

Step 6: Scroll down and choose Active Directory Domain Services from server roles. When a new window appears, click Add Features 

Step 7: Click Next until confirm installation selections page


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Step 8: Click Install and wait for an installation to finish

Step 9: When an installation has been completed and server prompts you for further configuration, click
Promote this server to a domain controller

Step 10: Choose Add a domain controller to an existing domain radio button. Provide the existing domain
name and click Select, when asked supply domain admin credentials

Step 11: Click Next

Step 12: Keep default selections and provide DSRM (Directory Services Restore Mode) password

Step 13: Click Next until prerequisites check window

Step 14: Click Install. When a wizard finishes the installation, the server will be rebooted. 

Migrating FSMO (Flexible Single Master Operation) roles to Windows Server 2016

Step 1: Login to Windows Server 2016 machine with domain admin credentials

Step 2: Open active directory users and computers console. Right-click your domain and then click
Operations Masters 

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Step 3: Open RID tab and click Change

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Step 4: When you are asked for confirmation, click Yes

Step 5:  Click OK

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Step 6: Repeat the steps from 3 to 5 for PDC and Infrastructure roles

Step 7: Open Active Directory Domains and Trust. Right-click your domain and then click Operations master

Step 8: Repeat the steps from 3 to 5 for domain naming operations master

Step 9:  Open command prompt and execute regsvr32 schmmgmt.dll

Step 10: Click OK when a window appears

Step 11: Open an Active Directory Schema Console in MMC and click File -> Add/Remove Snap-in  
Step 12: Select Active Directory Schema from available snap-ins and click Add. Click OK

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Step 13: Right-click the Active Directory Schema in console and then click Change Active Directory Domain Controller

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Step 14: Select Windows Server 2016 machine and click OK

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Step 15: Click OK


Step 16: Again right-click Active Directory Schema and click Operations Master 
Step 17: Repeat the steps for 3 to 5 for schema master
Step 18: Open Powershell with elevated privileges and execute “netdom query fsmo” command. Check if all the five FSMO roles have been transferred to Active
Directory Domain Controller Windows Server 2016

Uninstalling Active Directory Domain Services from Windows Server 2012 R2

Step 1: Login to Windows Server 2012 R2 machine with domain admin credentials

Step 2: Open PowerShell with elevated privileges and execute Uninstall-ADDSDomainController -DemoteOperationMasterRole –RemoveApplicationPartition
command

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Step 3: Provide the local administrator password and press enter

Step 4: Be patient. The operation will be completed in few minutes and server will be rebooted automatically

Upgrading Forest and Domain Functional Levels to Windows Server 2016

Step 1:  Login to Windows Server 2016 domain controller

Step 2: Open PowerShell with elevated privileges

Step 3: Execute Set-ADDomainMode –identity yourdomain.com –DomainMode


Windows2016Domain command to change domain functional level

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Step 4: Execute Set-ADForestMode –identity yourdomain.com –ForestMode Windows2016Forest command to change forest functional local

Step 5:  Last step, confirm if domain and forest functional levels have really been changed. Execute Get-ADDomain | fl Name, DomainMode and Get-ADForest |
fl Name, ForestMode

Cleaning Up Active Directory in Windows Server 2016

If there is a data about demoted or failed DCs inside an active directory, it can create troubles especially when you are promoting some server to an additional
domain controller. Therefore, you should clean up active directory metadata. You can follow the complete tutorial at this link
https://www.petri.com/delete_failed_dcs_from_ad 

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Step 1: Open Active Directory Users and Computers console. Click Computers container. Select the Windows Server 2012 R2 machine and remove it using Del
keyboard icon 

Step 2: Open Active Directory Sites and Services console. Fully expand Default-First-Site-Name, right-
click your old Windows Server 2012 R2 machine and then click Delete

Step 3: Open DNS Manager console. Delete the CNAME, host and other
records of Windows Server 2012 R2 machine

Conclusion

Thank you for following my tutorial. I hope you have enjoyed it. There is another quick and short method
with fewer PowerShell commands, try at your own risk. If you are stuck somewhere with an error, please
feel free to leave a comment and I’ll help you to resolve.

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SECURITY > ENDPOINT SECURITY

Blockchain and IoT: Distinguishing Hype from Reality

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Are blockchain and IoT a match made in heaven, an example of


buzzword bingo or something in between?

Brian Buntz | Aug 20, 2018

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A portion of the cybersecurity industry seems to be stuck in a cycle. When a new technology comes along, a
chorus of vendors jumps into the fray essentially proclaiming: “This technology is different than the others. If you
buy it, you’ll be safe.” Some years later, the explanation for that particular technology, whether it is public key
infrastructure, firewalls, intrusion prevention and detection, antivirus software or network access control,
becomes something like: “Well, the last technology you adopted is helpful, but you need another layer of defense.”

Bolt-On Security

And so, the cycle repeats itself, leading to an explosion of security widgets. There is sound justification, of course,
in having multiple layers of security. Such is the heart of the defense in depth and castle model approaches to
cybersecurity. In practical terms, organizations decide if one layer of cyberdefense is good, having as many layers
as possible is better. According to Dean Weber, chief technology officer of Mocana, this line of thinking leads to a
sort of mantra of: “bolt on, bolt on and bolt on some more.” A corollary to this premise is the conclusion that the
more an organization spends on cybersecurity and the more “bolt-ons” it has, the safer it is. While that may be
generally true, it is simplistic. It is vital to understand how much security each layer of protection affords and at
what cost.

The Ascent of Blockchain for Data Security


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The Ascent of Blockchain for Data Security

One of the latest bolt-ons is blockchain for data security, which according to Gartner’s most recent hype cycle, has
climbed midway up the “innovation trigger” stage.

One of blockchain’s many promises is it can help address one of the Internet of Things’ biggest problems:
cybersecurity. “It doesn’t help as well with all of the hype, of course,” said Greg Young, vice president
cybersecurity at Trend Micro. “Everything’s blockchain today.” When it comes to the convergence of blockchain
and IoT — the latter which has seen its own fair share of hype, and you get more obfuscation.

“What I notice about people’s optimism around blockchain is that it’s often inversely proportional to their
understanding of how it actually works,” said RSA Chief Technology Officer Zulfikar Ramzan. “People who
understand the details, see the limitations. People who don’t, see it as an idealized abstraction of a ledger. They
see this vast sea of opportunity but they are not thinking about all the real-world issues around translating that
conceptual idea into [reality].” Still, it can be difficult to gauge an emerging technology’s impact, Ramzan said.
For instance, when public key encryption emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s, it was difficult to foresee the
technology’s role in supporting e-commerce in the 1990s.

Still, Ramzan isn’t convinced that blockchain and IoT are a match made in heaven. “I think IoT is almost the
wrong application of blockchain,” he said. “If anything, IoT is about tracking physical devices. Blockchain is good
at digital identifiers. How do you take a physical device and securely identify it using a digital identifier?”

Applying the CIA Triad to Blockchain for IoT Security

One strategy organizations can use to evaluate their security posture — as well as the potential of blockchain for
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data security — is the so-called CIA triad, which is an abbreviation for confidentiality, integrity and availability.

While many well-known cyberattacks expose confidential information, such as the Equifax data breach last year,
there are an array of encryption technologies available today with proven track records. While blockchain uses
encryption to secure transactions, for organizations already using strong encryption, blockchain offers marginal
benefits. “In terms of confidentiality, I don't think blockchain’s a big help for most applications,” Young said.

One of blockchain’s strong suits is for data integrity, where it can be used to help confirm the identity of endpoints
and the information exchanged between them. “I think it comes back to the vulnerability management,
blockchain is going to be the big win, especially if they're consumer devices out in the public,” Young said.
Another hot area of current blockchain research is using the technology to fight counterfeiting in supply chain
applications.

“Some aspects of blockchain show promise of providing ‘checks and balances’ for data integrity,” said Peter Tran,
vice president and head of global cyber defense for Worldpay Inc. “Others just haven’t seen the battle time in the
field yet to determine its resiliency under security stress.”

“In the era where data is king for cybercriminals, it’s important to look at the value of the data from a cyber-
attacker’s perspective when a breach occurs,” Tran said. For a cybercriminal, data is only a means to an end.
“Data is only as good as what hackers can leverage it for and how long it’s shelf life is. For any promising approach
like blockchain, the focus should always be on whether the technology can be applied to ‘de-value’ the data once
breached,” Tran said. Examples of such devaluation include a self-destruct timer that destroys data in the event of
tampering. It’s also important to have controls to ensure the integrity of data before it enters into the blockchain
and after it exits it. Earlier this year, Fortune reported that hackers stole $400 million from initial coin offerings
(ICOs). But what enabled large ICOs to be targeted was not the fact that cybercriminals compromised the
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blockchain, but that they stole its output, which in these cases was cryptocurrency.

In terms of availability, blockchain has pros and cons. The fact that a blockchain is distributed means if a network
endpoint is taken offline, it can self-heal, similar to in mesh networking. But large blockchain implementations —
especially public ones — may struggle with latency. “If you have a real-time kind of environment or something
with really low latency expectations, blockchain could really be the slowing-down point. Look at what’s happened
with some of the early crypto exchanges,” Young said.

While blockchain has several built-in data security protections, it is best viewed as one piece of a complete
cybersecurity strategy, Young said. Tran agreed, adding that “blockchain isn’t a one-stop shop replacement for a
layered defense.”

TAGS: IOT

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NEXT GEN > MACHINE LEARNING

LinkedIn Will Allow Economics Researchers to Mine Its


Data
Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella and
LinkedIn's CEO Jeff Weiner
The data will be restricted to only those whose academic proposals have
been approved. The researchers will only have access to aggregate,
anonymized data and will only be able to use it within a secure sandbox.
That means they won’t be able to download the data themselves.

Bloomberg | Aug 20, 2018

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(Bloomberg) --Once upon a time, Facebook Inc. allowed academic researchers access to its data. We know
how that story ends: with the Cambridge Analytica scandal.

Now LinkedIn Corp., the professional social networking site owned by Microsoft Corp., says it will open its vast
trove of data to academic researchers.

But this time the company, whose chief data officer, Igor Perisic, made the announcement in a blog post on
Monday, said it’s putting controls in place to protect user privacy.

The data will be restricted to only those whose academic proposals have been approved. The researchers will only
have access to aggregate, anonymized data and will only be able to use it within a secure "sandbox," Perisic said in
his blog post. That means they won’t be able to download the data themselves.

LinkedIn said the academics will not be able to "obtain or retain data beyond the scope of the research project."

Additionally, LinkedIn said its legal and security teams would vet all proposals to access the data. Only projects
related to "economic opportunity with an eye toward enabling a level playing field for economic outcomes," will be
approved.

Perisic said in an interview late last week the company was mostly looking to advance the state of knowledge
about the labor market and the economy. "This is not about having a direct product impact," he said. But he said
that in the past, LinkedIn’s collaboration with academics has sometimes led to improvements in the site.

For instance, Laura Gee, a researcher at Tufts University used LinkedIn data to determine that for job postings
th t d tt ti t ld b dt
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that seemed more attractive to men, women could be encouraged to apply if the ads included information on the
current number of other applicants. LinkedIn has now used this insight to help customers improve their job
postings.

In addition, the chance to collaborate with outside academics on interesting projects helps LinkedIn motivate and
retain its own internal data scientists, Perisic said.

The company is calling for academics to submit project ideas in three broad areas: analytics, economics and
artificial intelligence. It will select teams on a rolling basis, Perisic said, with probably no more than a dozen
teams being allowed to access to the data at one time.

The initiative, called the LinkedIn Economic Graph Program, is an expansion of an earlier collaboration with
outside economics researchers that the company created in 2015. That effort resulted in several path-breaking
findings, the company said.

For example, researchers from the World Economic Forum used LinkedIn’s data to explore the gender gap.
Jessica Jeffers, an assistant professor of finance at the University of Chicago, used LinkedIn data to examine the
impact of non-compete agreements, determining that they hurt new firms and entrepreneurship.

Other academics currently in the LinkedIn program are looking at what factors contribute to team success and
testing theories about on-the-job retraining.

"These teams have already captured real-world economic phenomena at a level of detail and scale that rivals best-
of-breed methodologies from agencies like the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics," Perisic said in his blog.

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TAGS: RISK AND COMPLIANCE

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SECURITY > RISK AND COMPLIANCE

Google’s Brin Cops to Plan to Reclaim Lost Decade in


China Sergey Brin, president of Alphabet and
co-founder of Google Inc., speaks
during the 2016 Global
Google executives admitted for the rst time this week that they’re Entrepreneurship Summit (GES) at
looking to get their search engine up and running in China after a hiatus Stanford University in Stanford,
California, U.S. Photographer: David
of almost a decade. Paul Morris/Bloomberg

Bloomberg | Aug 20, 2018

      

(Bloomberg) Google executives admitted for the first time this week that they’re looking to get their search
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(Bloomberg) -- Google executives admitted for the first time this week that they re looking to get their search
engine up and running in China after a hiatus of almost a decade.

At the company's weekly all-staff meeting, the project was discussed by co-founder Sergey Brin -- the very
executive most closely associated with the decision in 2010 to pull out of China. It was a widely lauded move by
Google managers, led by Brin, who argued that they'd rather leave than subject their search tool to China's
stringent rules that filter out politically sensitive results, such as the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre.

The change of heart is also the clearest sign yet that some Googlers view the pullout as a costly miscalculation.
That's locked the company out of what is now the largest internet market, where hundreds of millions of people
use homegrown services from Baidu Inc., Tencent Holdings Ltd., Meituan Dianping and Alibaba Group Holding
Ltd. to search, communicate, order food and shop online.Other U.S. technology companies stayed in China and
have tried to influence the government from the inside, rather than disengaging. Apple Inc., one of the few U.S.
tech giants with a thriving Chinese business, is now worth $1 trillion – a crown Google parent Alphabet Inc. might
have captured first if it had an equivalent operation in the world’s most populous country. Mozilla, a progressive
organization that’s no fan of censorship, has operated a version of its Firefox browser in China for more than a
decade, preferring to adapt its approach rather than leave.

Priyendra Deshwal, a software engineer who worked on Google search projects from 2007 to 2012, said there
was internal debate about the decision in 2010. He recalled a meeting where co-founders Larry Page and Brin
answered employee questions about China, with Brin taking the lead. It wasn’t obvious to rank-and-file Googlers
that the company should give up on the country.

“We could see both sides of the coin,” Deshwal said. “There was debate in the sense of it being a very big business
opportunity lost, but also an example of the company standing by its principles.”
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Page and Brin presented the move as a clear example of Google's “don’t be evil” motto, Deshwal added. “At that
time, the company made the decision based on principles and not wanting to operate where it didn't agree with
the way the country was run.”

Google’s top management committee decided to pull out of China based on a black-and-white view of censorship
at the time, according to a former executive. The business implications of leaving were considered, but limiting
the flow of information online in any way was considered bad and Google’s involvement in such activities could
have damaged its brand in the rest of the world, said the person, who asked not to be identified
discussing internal company deliberations.

Now, the business case for engaging with China has grown, while the issue of censorship online has become more
nuanced, according to the person. Germany has strong anti-hate speech rules, Thailand limits what can be said
about its royal family online, and Europe has a right-to-be-forgotten law that lets people ask Google to remove old
information about them from search results. To free-speech purists, these are also undesirable forms of online
censorship, the person noted.

Google also has a different leader these days, Chief Executive Officer Sundar Pichai, with fewer qualms on the
topic. After recent reports that Google is developing a censored search service for China, Pichai confirmed to
employees Thursday that the company is considering the controversial project, framing the effort as “exploratory”
and in “early stages.”

Google’s new China effort, code-named Dragonfly, was kept secret from most employees until recent reports, and
the revelation has sparked a firestorm inside the company. About 1,400 employees signed a letter protesting the
move, saying it compromises the company’s values.
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At Thursday’s meeting, Pichai argued that depriving Chinese people of access to Google products wouldn’t help. “I
genuinely do believe we have a positive impact when we engage around the world and I don't see any reason why
that would be different in China,” he said, according to a transcript of the meeting provided to Bloomberg.

Brin, who had driven the exodus in 2010, told the Wall Street Journal at the time that China’s policies of
censorship and surveillance shared the "same earmarks of totalitarianism" as Soviet Russia, where he was born.
On Thursday, he was more equivocal. He told employees in a rambling explanation that questions about projects
in China come up “every year or so” and “we experiment with what it might look like.” “There’s a handful of things
we have been able to ship in China and that’s great,” he said. “You know, it’s slow-going and complicated.”

In 2017, a Chinese lawmaker said Google Scholar, a tool for searching academic publications online, was on a
priority list of services the government wanted to bring back to the country. On Thursday, Brin cited that product
as an example of the company’s efforts to get back into China – and compromises that come with that. Providing
search for Google Scholar in China “would have a certain set of trade-offs be it for working with a partner to
provide a certain kind of look and certain caveats,” he said.

Google’s China efforts may be less controversial inside the company than recent work with the Pentagon. Earlier
this year, workers revolted over Project Maven, a contract with the U.S. Department of Defense to use artificial
intelligence to analyze military drone footage. Far more employees spoke out against Project Maven than the
number who oppose Dragonfly.

Some Googlers have expressed support for Dragonfly on internal message boards. Google has a mission of
organizing the world’s information, and it shouldn't exclude a fifth of the planet, one person wrote in a post
viewed by Bloomberg News. Another said that boycotting the country was not an effective way to influence the
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y g y g y
Migrating Active Directory Domain Controller from Windows Server 2012 R2 to Windows Server 2016
y
Chinese government or "bring any positive change."

Google’s decision to leave China contrasts with internet rival Mozilla. It has maintained a presence in the country
for well over a decade and its Firefox browser partners with Chinese search engines that censor results for the
government. Mozilla’s Chinese operation is run separately from the rest of the organization and it has distributed
software tools online in China that aren’t open source, which made some engineers uncomfortable, according to
Andreas Gal, a former Mozilla executive.

“I don't remember any time it rose to the point where we considered leaving China,” Gal said. “There was
certainly a degree of backing off from some of your moral high ground in order to operate in China.”

Even if Google pushes ahead in the face of employee complaints, there’s no guarantee the Chinese government
will let it come back to the mainland in a major way.

Deshwal said he’s skeptical that Google can make a popular Chinese search service now. “I don’t see how
magically they get major search market share,” he said. “I'd probably bet against the company in that respect.
Baidu is so dominant in that market in search.”Wesley Chan, a former Google Ventures partner and product
leader who left in 2014, said the search giant made the right call in 2010. "There was lots of pressure to leave and
Google did get hacked," he added. "It's hard to do business in a country where elements of the government are
attacking you."

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8/21/2018 Migrating Active Directory Domain Controller from Windows Server 2012 R2 to Windows Server 2016

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