1ST Year
3rd Trimester
Ronan Ian D. Sui
BSCS 1st Year FVCA
Prelims
EXAM Reviewer
GE 6107
Ethics
Ethics
 Philosophy of human conduct
 Philosophy of life
 is the field of study, that is con-
cerned with question of value, that
is judgement about what human
behavior is good or bad
 is derived from the Greek word
“ethos” meaning a characteristic
way of doing things or a body of
customs
 is defined as the science of moral-
ity of human acts
 as a part of philosophy, examines
all human conduct
 deals into every facet of human
experience, actions, problems,
experience, aspirations and des-
tiny.
 is the supreme science, the apex
in the hierarchy of human values,
which is ultimately concerned with
the attainment of life’s greatest
good and goal – HAPPINESS
(conscious state of satisfaction
and fulfillment)
 is the scientific inquiry into the
principles of morality.
 deals into the morality of human
actions with reference to right and
wrong
Plato – brilliant philosopher, he believes
that God-given talent should be used for
the welfare of the people
Morality
 a set of ethical standards
 guide to have directions in having
a good life
Conscience – guide for a person to do
what is right
Immanuel Kant
 a German philosopher
 he believed that ethics was the
most important subject in phi-
losophy
 “A good man is a man that has
good will”
Attributes of Ethics
1. Ethics is not only theoretical but also
practical
2. Ethics is born with universal values
3. Ethics is all about firm convictions
Five Principles of Ethical Power for Indi-
vidual
1. Purpose
2. Pride
3. Patience
4. Persistence
5. Perspective
Basic Ethical Philosophies
1. Ego – what is best for a given individ-
ual is right
Confucius
 was the greatest of all Chinese
philosopher
 he recognizes the importance of
self-control
2. Natural Law – human should promote
their own health and life
3. Utilitarianism – the goodness or bad-
ness of an action would depend on the
effects of consequences of the action
Two Types of Utilitarianism
3.1 Individual Utilitarianism – production
of the temporal happiness of the individ-
ual
3.2 Social Utilitarianism – an act is good
when it is conducive to the social good
4. Respect for Persons – People should
be treated as an end not as a means to
an end
The Theory of Privacy
Privacy – to be central to dignity, individ-
uality and personhood
Elements of Privacy
1. Secrecy – protection of personalized
information from being freely distributed
2. Anonymity – individual right to protec-
tion from undesired attention
3. Solitude – lack of physical proximity of
an individual to others
Person’s opinion is influenced by the
combination of the following:
 Family Influences – strongest in-
fluence
 Life experiences
 Education – continuous process
 Religious beliefs
 Personal values – standard that
we set to ourselves
 Peer influences
Virtues – habits of acceptable behavior
(High Moral Standards)
Vices – habits of unacceptable behavior
(Immorality)
Moral principles – statement of what you
believe to be rules of right conduct
Integrity – is one of the cornerstones of
ethical behavior (showing honesty)
Values
 broad preferences concerning ap-
propriate courses of action or out-
comes
 reflect a person’s sense of right
and wrong or what “ought” to be
 important and lasting beliefs or
ideals
 have major influence on a per-
son’s behavior and attitude
 accepted standard of good behav-
ior
George Edward Moore, an eminent Brit-
ish realist, believed that value is a con-
cept, which cannot be defined
According to Lewis W. Breck and Robert
L. Holmes, values may be classified in
various ways, such as:
1. Biological Values (Physiological Val-
ues) – these values are inherent aspects
of human life
2. Economic Values – these values are k. Social recognition
attached to material things used
l. A sense of accomplishment
Scarcity - insufficient
m. Family security
3. Affective Values – these values are
n. True friendship
parts of human experience as a result of
a particular encounter (feelings or emo- o. A world of beauty
tions)
p. Pleasure
4. Intellectual Values – these values are
experienced as a scientific inquiry and q. Inner Harmony
the use of the human mind resulting in r. National security
knowledge
8. Religious Values – these values are
5. Social Values – these values are ex- experienced in religious devotion, praise
perienced in social interaction, relation- and worship
ship and processes
9. Cultural Values – commonly held
6. Aesthetic Values – these values are standards of what is acceptable or unac-
experienced in marveling and appreciat- ceptable
ing natural aesthetic creations (sense of
beauty)
7. Moral Values – these values are expe-
rienced in individual conduct (principles
of right and wrong)
People with moral values have the follow-
ing life goals:
a. Freedom
b. Wanting a world at peace
c. Wisdom
d. Happiness
e. Equality
f. An exciting life
g. A comfortable life
h. Self-respect
i. Salvation
j. Mature love