STEPS RATIONALE SCIENTIFIC NURSING

PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE
Sociology Individuality
Activates mechanism for
additional personnel

1. Shout and Tap

Shout and gently tap the child on the
shoulder. If there is no response and not
breathing or not breathing normally, position
the infant on his or her back and begin CPR.

To restore cardiac functioning

Anatomy and physiology Therapeutic
Increases blood flow with
increased flow to the brain and Effectiveness
2. Give 30 Compressions the heart.
Give 30 gentle chest compressions at the rate
of 100-120/minute. Use two or three fingers
in the center of the chest just below the
nipples. Press down approximately one-third
the depth of the chest (about 1 and a half
inches).

Anatomy and physiology Therapeutic

3. Open The Airway
Open the airway using a head tilt lifting of
chin. Do not tilt the head too far back
effectiveness.
In the absence of sufficient
muscle tone the tongue or
epiglottis will obstruct the
pharynx and larynx.
 .

Give 2 Gentle Breaths

If the baby is not breathing or not breathing
normally, cover the baby's mouth and nose Anatomy and physiology Therapeutic
with your mouth and give 2 gentle breaths. Forms air tight seal and prevent effectiveness
Each breath should be 1 second long. You air from escaping from the
should see the baby's chest rise with each
breath. Continue with 30 pumps and 2 breaths nose.
until help arrives

2 thumb-encircling hand technique:

When two rescuers are present, the

compression: ventilation ratio drops to 15:2,
the same as for children.
Principles of body
1. To perform this technique, position mechanism Therapeutic
yourself at the infant’s feet. Allows performance of rescue effectiveness
and chest compressions. Anatomy and physiology.
 Anatomy and physiology safety
2. Place your thumbs side by side on the Results in maximum
center of the infant’s chest just below compressions of heart between
the nipple line. Encircle the infant’s sternum and vertebrae
chest so that the fingers of both hands
support the infant’s back
Anatomy and physiology Therapeutic
effectiveness
3. Use your thumbs to deliver Determine return of pulse and
compressions at the appropriate depth respiration and the need to
and rate (100-120 continue CPR
compressions/minute; 1/3 of the depth
of the chest or approximately 1 ½
inches).This position allows another
rescuer to support airway and breathing
without getting in the way of the
rescuer performing chest compressions,
and is therefore the preferred technique
when two rescuers are present.
Physiology
4. This technique also allows for more Increases blood flow with
Therapeutic effective
consistent chest compressions and increased flow to the brain and
ness.
superior blood flow and blood pressure heart.
compared to the 2-finger technique
CPR in children above 1 year of age
1. Pull the victim out of standing water,
Anatomy and physiology Safety individuality
traffic, or other dangerous situation. You Prevent injury from attempting
Resustation
should be safe before you begin Basic Life
Support.
Good workmanship
2. Check for a response. If the victim is
Activates mechanism for
unresponsive and has abnormal respirations additional personnel
(no respirations or gasping/agonal breathing),
yell for help, and send someone for an AED.
Use a cell phone if one is available.

3. For no longer than 10 seconds, check for a

pulse at the carotid or femoral artery. A heart Carotid artery pulse will persist Anatomy and physiology Therapeutic
When more peripheral pulses effectiveness
rate of less than 60 beats per minute is
are no longer palpable.
considered cardiac arrest in children and
infants.If there is a pulse and breathing,
continue to monitor and support breathing. If
there is a pulse and no/abnormal breathing,
start rescue breathing (1 breath every 3-5
seconds or every 6 seconds if advanced
airway in place).

If there is no pulse and no/abnormal

breathing:

 Start high-quality CPR

 Compress to at least one-third of Therapeutic
Physiology effectiveness
the anterior-posterior diameter or Promotes adequate cardiac
output.
about 2 inches
 Allow the chest to fully recoil Physiology Therapeutic
effectiveness
To allow heart to fill
 Continue CPR for 2 minutes OR until
AED is on, powered up, and ready for Physiology Therapeutic
To maintain hearts function
use. effectiveness

 Single rescuer: 30 compressions to 2 Physiology

breaths, 100-120 compressions per Increase blood flow with Therapeutic
increased flow to the brain and effectiveness
minute
he heart
 Two rescuers: 15 compressions to 2
breaths, 100-120 compressions per
minute
 If help is not available, leave the child
Physiology Therapeutic
to get help and an AED ( The To meet the emergency effectiveness
automated external defibrillator )