Basic Electricity and Electronics

EE-124
By Waqar Ali
Lecturer @ EED NED UET Karachi

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering

NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Synchronous Motor

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering

NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Construction
• It consists of a stator which houses 3-phase armature winding in the slots
of the stator core and receives power from a 3-phase supply

• The stator is wound for the same number of poles as the rotor poles.

• A rotor that has a set of salient pole

s excited by direct current to form
alternate N and S poles.

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
• The exciting coils are connected in series to two slip rings and direct
current is fed into the winding from an external exciter mounted on
the rotor shaft

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Types of Rotors
1. CYLINDRICAL ROTOR (ROUND ROTOR)

2. SALIENT POLE ROTOR

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
CYLINDRICAL ROTOR (ROUND ROTOR)
• It is constructed from a solid – steel forging so as to withstand the
large centrifugal stresses inherent in high – speed operation.
Cylindrical rotors cannot accelerate high – inertia loads. They are
limited in application to pumps, fans, blowers, and other loads with
similar low starting – torque requirements.

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
SALIENT POLE ROTOR
• SALIENT POLE ROTOR This type of rotor is built for use with high
• – inertia low – speed loads have many poles projecting radially
outward from a steel spider, as shown in the figure.
• These salient poles are bolted or keyed to the spider, and the spider is
keyed to the shaft.

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
• A salient pole rotor with a shaft – mounted DC exciter

• DC current from the exciter armature is supplied to the field windings

by means of carbon brushes (not shown) riding on the commutator
that connects to carbon brushes riding on the slip – rings.

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Synchronous Motor
• Synchronous motors are synchronous machines used to convert
electrical power to mechanical power.

• These motors run at contact speed

• Synchronous motor runs at synchronous speed or constant speed

• it is high efficiency machine

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Working Principle
• Rotor produces constant magnetic field while stator produces rotating
magnetic field

• Stator is connected with 3 phase AC power supply, when it is energized it

produced rotating magnetic field.

• Rotor is connected with DC Power Supply,

• Mostly rotors are electromagnetic but they

may be made of permanent magnetic field.

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Working Principle
• When Stator is energized with 3 phase supply it produces rotating
magnetic field
• Initially rotor remains in blocking state due to alternate magnetic field
• That’s why synchronous motors are not self starting.

Rotating Field Attracting Rotor Rotating

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering FieldSindh,
NED UET Karachi, Repelling
Pakistan Rotor
Working Principle
• Squirrel Cage arrangement (Damper Winding), is
provided to provide starting torque

• When rotor starts rotating its speed

will be increased

After successfully starting of rotor, it will try to chase

synchronous speed.

Synchronous motor runs at constant speed

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Working Principle
• Due to stationary state of rotor an emf will be induced in rotor due to
rotating magnetic field 𝑩𝑺 .

• When emf induces in rotor current will flow in rotor circuit

• Due to flow of current magnetic flux 𝑩𝑹 , will be produced

• Rotor will start rotating and its speed will try to chase stator field

• When rotor reaches at synchronous speed it get magnetically locked

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Starting of Alternator
• When Stator energized by 3 phase winding it produces magnetic flux Bs

• Due to that magnetic flux rotor only vibrates because it is excited by DC source

• To overcome this damper winding is provided by additional arrangement

• Mostly we give cage rotor arrangement

• In this when Bs produces it produce an emf in cage arrangement

• That Produces its own alternating magnetic flux

• Now Synchronous motor will start like induction motor

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Rotor Locking
• When stator is energized it produced rotating
magnetic field
• While rotor is stationary
• Emf will be produced due to electromagnetic
induction in rotor

• After EMF current will flow in rotor circuit

and rotor will have its own magnetic field

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Rotor Locking continue…
• After rotor gets magnetically locked it rotates at synchronous speed.

• Synchronous speed is given by

𝟏𝟐𝟎∗𝒇
• 𝑵𝒔 =
𝑷

• When rotor reaches synchronous speed relative motion between

rotor and rotating magnetic field will be zero

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Causes of synchronous failure
• When synchronous motor is over loaded

• Low supply voltage

• Low Excitation voltage

Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Applications
• Most synchronous motors are rated between150 kW and 15 MW and
run at speeds ranging from 150 to 1800 r.p.m.

• It is used where constant and precise speed is required

• It is used as power factor compensation

• In textile and paper industries synchronous motors are employed to

attain wide range of speeds with variable frequency drive system
Waqar Ali Lecturer @ Department of Electrical Engineering NED UET Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan