13.
88 The osmotic pressure of a dilute solution of a slightly 13.90 Consider an aqueous 1.00 m solution of Na3PO4, a com-
soluble polymer (a compound composed of large mole-
cules formed by linking many smaller molecules together)
in water was measured using the osmometer in Figure
13.21. The difference in the heights of the liquid levels
was determined to be 1.26 cm at 25 °C. Assume the solu-
tion has a density of 1.00 g mL-1. (a) What is the osmotic
pressure of the solution in torr? (b) What is the molarity
of the solution? (c) At what temperature would the solu-
tion be expected to freeze? (d) On the basis of the results
of these calculations, explain why freezing point depres-
sion cannot be used to determine the molecular masses of
compounds composed of very large molecules.
13.89 A solution of ethanol, C2H5OH, in water has a concen-
tration of 4.613 mol L-1. At 20.0 °C, its density is
0.9677 g mL-1. Calculate the following: (a) the molality
of the solution and (b) the mass percentage of the alcohol
in the mixture.
| Multi-Concept Problems
13.92 A sample containing only iron(II) nitrate and potassium
chloride is dissolved in water and the boiling point of the
mixture is 104.6 °C. That same solution is reacted with
36.3 mL of 0.220 M K2Cr2O7 solution that completely
converts the iron(II) to iron(III). What are the molarities
of iron(II) nitrate and potassium chloride in the original
solution? The density of the mixture is 1.032 g/mL and
we assume all soluble species are completely dissociated.
13.93 A 25.00 mL sample of a 0.200 M solution of barium
nitrate is mixed with 14.00 mL of a 0.250 M solution of
potassium sulfate. Assuming that all ionic species are
completely dissociated, what is the osmotic pressure of
the mixture in torr?
13.94 A compound is found to have a molecular formula of
C2H6O. Write all of the possible structural formulas for
this compound. With a relevant explanation, determine
whether each of your structures will
(a) be expected to be a solid, liquid or gas at 25 °C.
(b) be soluble in water or pentane.
(c) form hydrogen bonds.
(d) be a strong electrolyte, a weak electrolyte, or a
nonelectrolyte.
13.95 How many mL of 0.223 M K2Cr2O7 are needed to com-
pletely oxidize 155 mL of 0.650 M tin(II) chloride to
tin(IV)? When the reaction is complete, what will the
osmotic pressure be, in torr?
jespe_c13_585-633hr.indd 632
pound with useful detergent properties.
(a) Calculate the boiling point of the solution on the
assumption that it does not ionize at all in solution.
(b) Do the same calculation, assuming that the van’t
Hoff factor for Na3PO4 reflects 100% dissociation
into its ions.
(c) The 1.00 m solution boils at 100.183 °C at 1 atm.
Calculate the van’t Hoff factor for the solute in this
solution.
13.91 A 2.50 g sample of aluminum chloride and sodium sul-
fate has a freezing point depression of 2.65 °C. Assuming
complete dissociation of all ions, what are the molarities
of aluminum chloride and sodium sulfate?
13.96 An experiment calls for the use of the dichromate ion,
Cr2O72-, in sulfuric acid as an oxidizing agent for
i­sopropyl alcohol, C3H8O. The chief product is acetone,
C3H6O, which forms according to the following
equation.
3C3H8O + Na2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4 →
3C3H6O + Cr2(SO4)3 + Na2SO4+ 7H2O
(a) The oxidizing agent is available only as sodium
dichromate dihydrate. What is the minimum num-
ber of grams of sodium dichromate dihydrate needed
to oxidize 21.4 g of isopropyl alcohol according to
the balanced equation?
(b) The amount of acetone actually isolated was 12.4 g.
Calculate the percentage yield of acetone.
(c) The reaction produces a volatile by-product. When a
sample of it with a mass of 8.654 mg was burned in
oxygen, it was converted into 22.368 mg of carbon
dioxide and 10.655 mg of water, the sole products.
(Assume that any unaccounted for element is oxy-
gen.) Calculate the percentage composition of the
­by-product and determine its empirical formula.
(d) A solution prepared by dissolving 1.338 g of the
by-product in 115.0 g of benzene had a freezing
point of 4.87 °C. Calculate the molecular mass of the
by-product and write its molecular formula.
11/15/10 4:44 PM