2.

094 — Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Fluids Fall ‘08

Lecture 3 - Finite element formulation for solids and structures

Prof. K.J. Bathe MIT OpenCourseWare

Reading:
Sec. 6.1-6.2
We need to satisfy at time t:

• Equilibrium

∂ tτij t B
+ fi = 0 (i = 1, 2, 3) in t V (3.1)
∂ txj
t t Sf
τij tnj = fi (i = 1, 2, 3) on t Sf (3.2)

• Compatibility
• Stress-strain law(s)

Principle of virtual displacements

� � �
t t Sf
τij teij d tV = ui tfiB d tV + ui | t S fi d tSf (3.3)
tV tV tS f
f

� �
1 ∂ ui ∂uj
teij = + t (3.4)
2 ∂ t xj ∂ xi

• If (3.3) holds for any continuous virtual displacement (zero on tSu ), then (3.1) and (3.2) hold and
vice versa.

• Refer to Ex. 4.2 in the textbook.

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MIT 2.094 3. Finite element formulation for solids and structures

Major steps

I. Take (3.1) and weigh with ui :

�t
τij,j + t fiB ui = 0.
�
(3.5a)

II. Integrate (3.5a) over volume t V :

�
�t
τij,j + t fiB ui d t V = 0
�
(3.5b)
tV

III. Use divergence theorem. Obtain a boundary term of stresses times virtual displacements on t S =
t
Su ∪ t Sf .
IV. But, on t Su the ui = 0 and on t Sf we have (3.2) to satisfy.

Result: (3.3).

Example

� �
t t S
τ11 te11 d tV = ui f1 f d tSf (3.6)
tV tS
f

One element solution:

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MIT 2.094 3. Finite element formulation for solids and structures

1 1
u(r) =(1 + r) u1 + (1 − r) u2 (3.7)
2 2
t 1 1
u(r) = (1 + r) u1 + (1 − r) t u2
t
(3.8)
2 2
1 1
u(r) = (1 + r) u1 + (1 − r) u2 (3.9)
2 2

Suppose we know t τ11 , t V , t Sf , t u ... use (3.6).

For element 1,
� �
∂u u1
t e11 = t = B (1) (3.10)
∂ x u2

� �
T t for el. (1) T
te11t τ11 d V −→ [u1 u2 ] B (1) t
τ11 d t V (3.11)
tV tV
� �� �
= t F (1)
for el. (1)
−→ [u1 u2 ] t F (1) (3.12)
⎡ ⎤
� t (1) �
F̂
= ⎣ U1 U 2 U 3⎦ (3.13)
���� ���� 0
u2 u1

where
t (1) (1)
F̂1 = t F2 (3.14)
t (1) t (1)
F̂2 = F1 (3.15)

For element 2, similarly,

⎡ ⎤
� �
0
= ⎣U 1 U2 U3 ⎦ t ˆ
(2) (3.16)
���� ���� F
u2 u1

R.H.S.
⎡ ⎤
(unknown reaction at left)
� �
U1 U2 U3 ⎣ 0 ⎦ (3.17)
t t Sf
� ��
T
� Sf · f
1

Now apply,
T � �
U = 1 0 0 (3.18)

then,
T � �
U = 0 1 0 (3.19)

then,
T � �
U = 0 0 1 (3.20)

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MIT 2.094 3. Finite element formulation for solids and structures

This gives,
⎡ ⎤
� � � � unknown reaction
t
F̂ (1) 0 0
+ =⎣ (3.21)
⎢ ⎥
t
0 F̂ (2)
⎦
t tSf t
f1 · Sf

We write that as
t
F = tR (3.22)
t
F = fn t U1 , t U2 , t U3
� �
(3.23)

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2.094 Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Fluids II

Spring 2011

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