CH 13 Probability 2019

CBSE 12th Mathematics
Chapter 13 (Probability)
Important Questions Unsolved
SECTION - A
Question number 1 to 30 carry 1 mark each.
Q.1: A black and a red die are rolled together. Find the conditional probability of
obtaining the sum 8, given that the red die resulted in a number less than 4.
Q.2: Prove that if E and F are independent events, then the events E and 𝐅′ are also
independent.
Q.3: A die, whose faces are marked 1,2,3 in red and 4,5,6 in green, is tossed.
Let A be the event “number obtained is even” and B be the event “number
obtained is red”. Find if A and B are independent events.
SECTION - B
Q.4: How many times must a man toss a fair coin, so that the probability of having at
least one head is more than 80%?
Q.5: Of the students in a school. It is known that 30% have 100% attendance and
70% students are irregular. Previous year results report that 70% of all students
attain A grade in their annual examination. At the end of the year, one student is
chosen at random from the school and he was found to have an A grade. What is
the probability that the student has 100% attendance? Is regularity required
only in school? Justify your answer.
Q.6: A pair of dice is thrown 4 times. If getting a doublet is considered a success, find
the probability distribution of number of successes.
Q. 7: An experiment succeeds thrice as often as it fails. Find the probability that in the
next five trails, there will be at least 3 successes.
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Q.8: The random variable X can take only the values 0, 1, 2, 3. Given that 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟎) =
𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟏) = 𝒑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟐) = 𝒑(𝑿 = 𝟑) such that ∑ 𝒑𝒊 𝒙𝟐𝒊 = 𝟐 ∑ 𝒑𝒊 𝒙𝒊 , find the
value of p.
Q.9: Often it is taken that a truthful person commands, more respect in the society. A
man is known to speak the truth 4 out of 5 times. He throws a die and reports
that it is a six. Find the probability that it is actually a six. Do you also agree that
the value of truthfulness leads to more respect in the society?
Q.10. A die thrown again and again until three sixes are obtained. Find the probability
of obtaining the third six in the sixth throw of the die.
Q. 11. In a multiple choice examination with three possible answers (out of which only
one is correct) for each of the five question, what is the probability that a
candidate would get four or more correct answers just by guessing?
𝟏 𝟏
Q.12. Probabilities of solving a specific problem independently by A and B are 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑
respectively. If both try to solve the problem independently, find that (1) the
problem is solved (ii) exactly one of them solves the problem.
Q.13: How many times must a man toss a fair coin, so that the probability of having at
least one head is more than 80%?
Q.14: A speaks truth in 60% of the cases, while B in 90% of the cases. In what per cent
of cases are they likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact ? in the
case of contradiction do you think, the statement of B will carry more weight as
statement of B will carry more weight as he speaks truth in more number of
cases than A?
Q.15: Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family has
two children, what is the conditional probability that both are girls? Given that
(i) the youngest is a girl.
(ii) at least one is a girl.
Q.16: A bag A contains 4 black and 6 red balls and bag B contains 7 black and 3 red
balls. A die is thrown. If 1 or 2 appears on it, then bag A is chosen, otherwise bag
B. If two balls are drawn at random (without replacement) from the selected
bag, find the probability of one of them being red and another black.
Q.17: An unbiased coin is tossed 4 times. Find the mean and variance of the number of
heads obtained.
Q.18: Three persons A, B and C apply for a job of Manager in a Private Company.
Chances of their selection (A, B and C) are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 4. The probabilities
that A, B and C can introduce change to improve profits of the company are 0.8,
0.5 and 0.3 respectively. If the change does not take place, find probability that it
is due to the appointment of C.
Q.19: A and B throw a pair of dice alternately. A wins the game if he gets a total of 7
and B wins the game if he gets a total of 10. If A starts the game, then find the
probability that B wins.
Q. 20: 12 cards, numbered 1 to 12, are placed in a box, mixed up thoroughly and then
card is drawn at random from the box. If it is known that the number on the
drawn card is more than 3, find the probability that it is an even number.
Q.21: A family has 2 children. Find the probability that both are boys, if it is known
that
(i) at least one of the children is a boy,
(ii) the elder child is a boy.
Q. 22. A random variable 𝚾 has the following probability distribution:

𝐃𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐞:
(𝒊) 𝑲
(𝒊𝒊) 𝑷(𝑿 < 𝟑)
(𝒊𝒊𝒊) 𝑷(𝑿 > 𝟔)
(𝒊𝒗) 𝑷(𝟎 < 𝑿 < 𝟑).
Q.23: Find the probability of throwing at most 2 sixes in 6 throws of a single die.
Q. 24: Two cards are drawn simultaneously (without replacement) from a well- shuffled
pack of 52 cards. Find the mean and variance of the number of red cards.
Q. 25: The probabilities of two student’s A and B coming to the school in time are
𝟑 𝟓
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟕 respectively. Assuming that the events, ‘A coming in time’ and ‘B
𝟕
coming in time’ are independent, find the probability of only one of them coming
to the school in time. Write at least one advantage of coming to school in time.
Q. 26: An experiment succeeds thrice as often as it fails. Find the probability that in the
next five trails, there will be at least 3 successes.
Q.27: Three cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well shuffled pack
of 53 cards. Find the probability distribution of the number of spades. Hence
find the mean of the distribution.
Q.28: For 6 trials of an experiment, let X be a binomial variate which satisfies the
relation 𝟗𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟒) = 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟐). Find the probability of success.
Q.29: In a game, a man wins Rs5 for getting a number greater than 4 and loses Rs1
otherwise, when a fair die is thrown. The man decided to throw a die thrice but
to quit as and when he gets a number greater than 4. Find the expected value of
the amount he win/lose.
Q.30: A bag contains 4 balls. Two balls are drawn at random (without replacement)
and are found to be white. What is the probability that all balls in the bag are
white?
SECTION - C
Q.31: Five bad oranges are accidently mixed with 20 good ones. If four oranges are
drawn one by one successively with replacement, then find the probability
distribution of number of bad oranges drawn. Hence, find the mean and
variance of the distribution.
Q. 32. In a factory which manufactures bolts, machines A, B and C manufacture

respectively 30%, 50% and 20% of the bolts. Of their outputs 3, 4 and 1 percent
respectively are defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the product and
is found to be defective. find the probability that this is not manufactured by
machine B
Q.33. There are three coins. One is a two – headed coin (having head on both faces ),
another is a biased coin that comes up heads 75 % of the times and third is also a
biased coin that comes up tails 40 % of the times . One of the three coins is
chosen at random and tossed, and it shows heads. What is the probability that it
was the two – headed coin?
Q.34. Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from the first six
positive integers. Let X denote the larger of the two numbers obtained. Find the
probability distribution of the random variable X, and hence find the mean of
the distribution.
Q. 35. In a hockey match, both teams A and B scored same number of goals up to the
end of the game, so to decide the winner, the referee asked both the captains to
throw a die alternately and decided that the team, whose captain gets a six first,
will be declared the winner. If the captain of team A was asked to start, find their
respective probabilities of winning the match and state whether the decision of
the referee was fair or not.
Q. 36. Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6, she tosses a coin 3 times and
notes the number of heads. If she gets 1,2,3 or 4 she tosses a coin once and notes
whether a head or tail is obtained. If she obtained exactly one head, what is the
probability that she threw 1,2,3 or 4 with the die?
Q.37. Given three identical boxes I, II and III each containing two coins. In box I, both
coins are gold coins, in box II, both are silver coins and in box III, there is one
gold and one silver coin. A person chooses a box at random and takes out a coin.
If the coin is of gold, what is the probability that the other coin in the box is also
of gold?
Q.38. A bag contains 7 red, 4 white and 5 black balls. Two balls are drawn at random,
from the bag. What is the probability that both the balls are white?
Q. 39. Colored balls are distributed in three bags as shown in the following table:
Bag Colour of the ball
Black White Red
𝐈 1 2 3
𝐈𝐈 2 4 1
𝐈𝐈𝐈 4 5 3
A bag is selected at random and then two balls are randomly drawn from the
selected bag. They happen to be black and red. What is the probability that they
came from bag I?
Q.40. In a bulb factory, machines. A, B and C manufacture 60%, 30% and 10% bulbs
respectively. 1%, 2% and 3% of the bulbs produced respectively by A, B and C
are found to be defective. A bulb is picked up at random from the total
production and found to be defective. Find the probability that this bulb was
produced by the machine A.
Q.41. If A and B are two independent events such that

𝟐 𝟏
̅ ∩ 𝑩) =
𝑷(𝑨 ̅) = ,
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩
𝟏𝟓 𝟔
Then find P(A) and P(B).
Q.42. Suppose 5% of men and 0.25% of woman have grey hair A grey haired person is
selected at random. What is the probability that there are equal number of males
and females?
Q.43. Of the students in a collage, it is know that 60% reside in hostel and 40% are day
scholars (not residing in hostel). Precious year results report that 30 % of all
students who reside in hotel attain ‘A’ grade and 20 % of day scholars attain ‘A’
grade in their annual examination At the end of the year, one student is chosen
at random from the college and he has an ‘A’ grade, what is the probability that
the student is a hosteller?
Q.44. An urn contains 3white and 6 red balls. Four balls are drawn one by one with
replacement from the urn. Find the probability distribution of the number of red
balls drawn. Also find mean and variance of the distribution.
Q.45. If A and B are two independent events such that

𝟐 𝟏
̅ ∩ 𝑩) =
𝑷(𝑨 ̅) = ,
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩
𝟏𝟓 𝟔
then find P(A) and P(B).
Q. 46. A card from a pack of 52 playing cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the
pack, three cards are drawn at random (without replacement) and are found to
be all spades. Find the probability of the lost card being a spade.
Q.47. From a lot of 15 bulbs which include 5 defectives, a sample of 4 bulbs is drawn
one by one with replacement. Find the probability distribution of number of
defective bulbs. Hence find the mean of the distribution.
Q.48. Assume that the chances of a patient having a heart attack is 40 % Assuming
that a meditation and yoga course reduces the risk of heart attack by 30 % and
prescription of certain drug reduces its chance by 25 % At a time a time a
patient can choose any one of the two options with equal probabilities. Its is
given that after going through one of the two option, the patient selected at
random suffers a heart attack. Find the probability that the patient followed a
course of meditation and yoga. Interpret the result meditation yoga. Interpret
the result and state which of the above stated methods is more beneficial for the
patient.
Q.49. Of the students in a collage, it is know that 60% reside in hostel and 40% are day
scholars (not residing in hostel). Precious year results report that 30 % of all
students who reside in hotel attain ‘A’ grade and 20 % of day scholars attain ‘A’
grade in their annual examination At the end of the year, one student is chosen
at random from the college and he has an ‘A’ grade, what is the probability that
the student is a hosteller ?
Q.50. Suppose 5% of men and 0.25% of woman have grey hair A grey haired person is
selected at random. What is the probability that there are equal number of males
and females?
Q.51. A card form a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack,
two cards are drawn at random and are found to both clubs. Find the
probability of the lost card being of clubs.
Q.52. From a lot of 10 bulbs, which includes 3 defectives, a sample of 2 bulbs is drawn
at random. Find the probability distribution of the number of defective bulbs.
Q.53. Three bags contain balls as shown in the table below:

Bag Number of Number of Number of
white balls black balls red balls
I 1 2 3
II 2 1 1
III 4 3 2
A bag is chosen at random and two balls are drawn from it. They happen to be
white and red. What is the probability that they came from the III bag?
Q.54. Using matrices, solve the following system of equation:

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛 = 𝟏𝟏
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟒𝒛 = −𝟓
𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒛 = −𝟑
Q.55. An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000
truck drivers. The probability of an accident involving a scooter, a car and a
truck are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons meets with
an accident. What is the probability that he is a scooter drivers.

CH 13 Probability 2019

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CBSE 12th Mathematics

Q. 22. A random variable 𝚾 has the following probability distribution:

Q. 32. In a factory which manufactures bolts, machines A, B and C manufacture

Q.41. If A and B are two independent events such that

Q.45. If A and B are two independent events such that

Q.53. Three bags contain balls as shown in the table below:

Q.54. Using matrices, solve the following system of equation:

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