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Abstract
In the present work, Giza 86 cotton (long staple cotton) was used to produce a different fine yarn
with counts 14.7, 11.8, 10.5, 9.8, and 7.4tex on both of compact and ring spinning frames. The
different yarn properties like, CVm%, tenacity, elongation, and hairiness were measured for both
the two type of yarns. The relative yarn quality factor RYQF was calculated to detect the more
suitable range of yarn counts for the compact spinning it was found that it ranges from 1.1 to 1.3
for range of yarn tex from 14.7 to 7.4 referring to the hairiness reduction it was found to be 31%
for yam tex 9.8 the improvement in the yarn breaking elongation was 10%, the improvement in
the yarn tenacity was 14%, while the reduction in the turns per meter in the compact spinning
was 4%. And improvement in the yam mass variation was about 5%. On the other hand it was
found that the improvement in the single compact yarn total imperfections was not statistically
significant, But generally it was found that the yarn total imperfections of the single yarn were
less for the compact spun yarns compared with the conventional ring spun yarns especially for
the fine counts.
1. Introduction applied onto the yarn. Fibers are caught by the air
Compact spinning is a new conversion for the ring current in the perforated drum soon after they leave
spinning and it started to be applied in the Egyptian the nip point until they reach the nip point. The air
spinning industry in the last few years but it is still not current influences the fibers to pass along the slot and
commonly used. Nowadays some of new spinning mills therefore the fibers are condensed by means of the
in Egypt started to install more updated compact spin- aerodynamic forces caused by the air current [5]. (See
ning machines as Rieter K44 compact spinning. figure -1.1)
So studying & evaluating the fine yarn quality pro- There have been numerous studies performed on the
duced by the new ring spinning technology of com- different compact spinning systems in order to study
pact spinning from Egyptian cotton, within long term and compare the compact yarn characteristics with the
period of time (5 years) could be a key for gaining a conventional ring spun yarn, Guldemet Basal [1],
competitive advantage over companies in an industry. Chang et al. [2], Cheng et al. [4], Krifa et al. [6,7],
With the ever-changing textile industry and many Stalder [10] Momir et al. [9], Nasir [8], Cankut et al.
manufacturers moving overseas, the compact spinning [3]. These researches concluded that the Compact yarns
technology could lead to the competitive edge the are claimed to be stronger and have better breaking
Egyptian spinning industry needs for producing super elongation compared with the conventional ring spun
quality fine yarns. yarns, also stated that compact spinning greatly re-
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
Our practical experience with compact spinning for sured by Uster Tensorapid 4. The measured results of
more than 5 years working with 41,000 Rieter com- conventional and compact spinning were compared and
pact spinning spindles (K44 M/C) producing different statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Statistical
fine yarn counts produced from Egyptian cotton make Package for Social Science).
our aim in this investigation is to study how far the
Table 2.2: Processing parameters for yarn counts from
compact spinning improve the quality of the Egyptian
14.7tex to 7.4tex G86
fine cotton yarns.
Parameter Count Doubling Speeds Notes
2. Material and methods Process (output)
HVI spectrum Bale Manger Software tests was used Carding 4.54 ktex ......... 83 m/min Cylinder
which selects sixty four bales from long staple Egyp- Speed = 400rpm
tian cotton G86. Table 2.1 summarized the average Lickerin
speed = 1300rpm
fiber test results for the selected bales. Breaker
Draw
Table 2.1: Physical fiber Characteristics of G86 cotton Frame 4.54 ktex 5 600 m/min
from HVI spectrum Unilap 70 ktex 28 120 m/min Lap length = 300m.
Combing 4.9 ktex 8 350 Noil=17%
Spinning Fineness Maturity Upper half Uniformity Short Strength Elongation
nips/min
Consistency (μg/inch) (%) mean length index fiber (gm/tex) (%)
Index (mm) index Finisher
Draw
SCI MIC. Mat. Len. Unf. SFI Str. Elg.
Frame 4.9 ktex 8 400m/min
200 4.66 95 32.42 86.9 5.78 45,4 5.78 Speed
frame 491.6 tex 1 1000rpm atex=960.2
The selected cotton bales were preceded in the spin- TPI= (1.1 )
ning mill under the mill running condition to produce
combed yarn of counts 14.7, 11.8, 10.5, 9.8, and 7.4tex 3. Results and discussions
on both a conventional ring spinning machine, and a The summary of the test results for several cotton spun
compact spinning machine as sown in Table 2.2. The yarn counts produced on both of the compact and the
yarns produced were tested according to ASTM. The conventional ring spinning M/c are given in Table 3.3.
mass irregularity, yarn hairiness, and yarn faults were The results were statistically tested by t -test and given
measured by Uster tester 4 (UT4). Yarn tenacity (cN/ in Table 3.4.
tex)*, and yarn breaking elongation (%) were mea-
Count Cotton TPM a_tex U% CVm% `Thin Thick Neps/ Total Hairiness Elong. Elong. Tenacity Tenacity
(tex) -50% +50% +200% IPI Index % Cv% cN / tex Cv%
Compact Spinning
/ Km / Km Km
14.7 G86 945 3630 9.49 11.94 0.48 9.13 7.24 16.85 3.13 4.99 8.52 26.09 7.33
11.8 G86 1102 3780 9.84 12.42 1.00 16.05 12.50 29.55 2.76 4.76 9.09 26.20 7.84
10.5 G86 1130 3660 9.48 11.83 1.13 9.00 22.00 32.13 2.87 4.48 9.20 25.28 8.00
9.8 G86 1175 3680 9.82 12.35 1.67 11.42 19.57 32.66 2.50 4.73 9.20 26.38 8.40
7.4 G86 1408 3820 11.65 14.00 22.62 34.40 42.00 99.02 2.46 4.41 9.70 24.17 10.45
14.7 G86 996 3820 9.68 12.17 1.09 7.55 8.95 17.59 3.86 4.64 8.33 24.27 7.51
Conventional
Ring Spinning
11.8 G86 1122 3850 10.28 12.94 3.04 16.30 17.42 36.76 3.63 4.43 9.27 23.04 7.81
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
10.5 G86 1130 3660 9.93 12.45 2.90 9.10 25.50 37.50 3.75 3.92 8.80 22.62 8.50
9.8 G86 1220 3820 10.60 13.37 9.90 23.09 43.20 76.19 3.63 4.09 8.90 21.90 8.90
7.4 G86 1496 4040 11.83 14.90 57.80 49.00 47.60 154.40 3.33 4.22 10.10 20.70 10.40
Table 3.4: Statistical analysis results of Warp compact & ring spun yarn properties (t-test)
(*Significance values, ** the results are not statistically significant, *** the results are statistically significant)
3.1 Yarn mass variation These figures illustrates that, the yarn mass variation
Figure 3.2 shows the relationship between the yarn of the single compact spun yarn is lower than the yarn
mass variation of compact and conventional ring spun mass variation of the single conventional ring spun
yarn versus yarn count. yarn by about 5%. That improvement in the single
yarn mass variation was found to be statistically sig-
nificant as shown in Table 3.4. This may be related to
the compact yarn structure and more fibers integrated
to the yarn body.
3.2 Yarn total imperfections (IPI) This may be related to the mechanism of the yarn
This improvement may be due to the suction applied formation on the compact spinning. It could be con-
in the condensation area that suction during machine cluded that the compact spinning makes a significant
running sucks the dust, very small trash and very short improvement in the single yarn hairiness.
fiber. By the way the suction inserts could be blocked. 3.4 Yarn strength
Also may be due to the mechanism of the yarn forma-
tion of the compact yarn which reduce the spinning
triangle hence reduce the fly fibers in the spinning
room. In general the total yam imperfections of single
compact yarn are better than the total yarn imperfec-
tions of the equivalent single conventional ring spun
yarn count by about 34%.
Figure 3.4: Hairiness index of different yarn counts of This figure illustrates that yarn tenacity of single com-
compact and ring yarns. pact spun yarn is higher than the yarn tenacity of the
single conventional ring spun yarn for yarn counts
Figure 3.4 shows the relationship of the yarn hairiness (14.7, 11.8, 10.5, 9.8, and 7.4tex), in spite of the turns
index versus yarn count. This figure illustrates that the per meter given to the single compact yarn is less than
hairiness level of the single compact yarn is lower the turns per meter for the single conventional ring
than the level of the single conventional ring spun spun yarn count by about 4% it was found that the
yarn. The reduction in yarn hairiness level reaches for increase in the yarn tenacity by approximately 14%
example to 31% in 9.8tex and the average was 24% for warp single yarn. This can give to the spinning
this reduction in the yarn hairiness is statistically sig- mill the opportunity to increase the speeds and pro-
nificant as shown in Table 3.2. This may be related to ductivity while maintain the yarn tenacity. This advan-
the mechanism of the yarn formation on the compact tage of compact yarn makes most of the mill custom-
spinning. It could be concluded that the compact spin- ers require the compact yarn in weaving.
ning makes a significant improvement in the single
yarn hairiness. This increase in the single yarn tenacity may be due to
the reduction of the spinning triangle by the air suc-
3.3 Yarn Hairiness tion in the compacting zone which leads to more fiber
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
Figure 3.4 shows the relationship of the yarn hairiness contribution in the yarn structure hence more fiber in
index versus yarn count. This figure illustrates that the the yarn cross section. That will give less probability
hairiness level of the single compact yarn is lower for fiber slippage.
than the level of the single conventional ring spun
yarn. The reduction in yarn hairiness level reaches for Texttreasure
example to 31% in 9.8tex and the average was 24% Perfection is achieved, not when there is noth-
this reduction in the yarn hairiness is statistically sig- ing more to add, but when there is nothing left
nificant as shown in Table 3.2. to take away.-Antoine de Saint
-Exupéry
* Nowadays cN / tex is changed to Mpa (Mega Pascal)
364 March - April 2016
SPINNING
3.5 Yarn Breaking Elongation The results of the yarn relative yarn quality factors
represented in Table 3.5
spun yarn.
(CSP×Yarn Str. cN ) 6. The compact spinning is more effective on single
(
tex spun yarn quality for count range finer than 11.8
Y.Q.F= ----------------------------- tex.
(U%) 7. The relative yarn quality factor R.Y.Q.F of the
compact yarns with texs, Is - 7, is ranging from
CSP :Count strength product 1.10 - 1.19 i.e the relative yarn quality factor
U% : Yarn evenness R.Y.Q.F is higher for, The fine counts, Than the
course counts.
Abstract
The objective of this research was to study the color values and colorfastness to laundering and
light of wool fabric dyed with madder (M), sappanwood (S) and combination of the both. These
dyes were applied on bleached wool fabric for its dyeing after pre-mordanting with alum and
ferrous sulphate. The various colour changes on wool fabric were measured by computer colour
matching software. The range of colours developed on dyed wool fabrics were evaluated in terms
of (L*a*b*) CIELAB coordinates and the dye absorption on the wool was studied by using K/
S values. The fastness properties of the dyed samples were found to be satisfactory. The fabric
dyed with beautiful shades of natural dyes can be used for ecofriendly apparels.
Keywords
Extraction, Natural dye, Wool, Mordant, Madder, Sappanwood.
and absence of allergic effects [1]. and treated with alum and ammonia, it gives a brilliant
red colorant (madder lake) [3].
Dyers have to develop a variety of shades on natural
dyed clothes, for which they may require to follow
panwood and also the combination of both the dye to to material ratio of 50:1 in Rota machine. After rinsing
develop compound shades. All dyeing were carried and drying, the change in color of the sample and
out at 600C for 60 minutes. After dyeing the fabrics staining on the undyed samples were evaluated on the
were squeezed, washed with fresh water and dried. respective standard scales (rating 1-5, where 1 - poor,
2 - fair, 3 - good, 4 - very good and 5 - excellent).
3. Testing and Analysis
3.1 Color value by reflectance method 3.3 Evaluation of Light fastness
The dyed samples were evaluated for the depth of Dyed fabric was tested for color fastness to light ac-
color by reflectance method using 10 degree observer. cording to ISO 105/B02 [7]. The light fastness was
The absorbance of the dyed samples was measured on determined using artificial illumination with Xenon
Rayscan Spectrascan 5100+ equipped with reflectance arc light source, Q-Sun Xenon Testing Chamber with
accessories. The K/S values were determined using black standard temperature 650C with relative humid-
following expression; ity of the air in the testing chamber as 40% and day-
light filter, wavelength, 420 nm. The samples were
K (1-R)² compared with the standard scale of blue wool (rat-
--- = -------- ings, 1-8, where 1 - poor, 2 - fair, 3 -moderate, 4 -
S 2R good, 5 - better, 6 - very good, 7 - best and 8 -excel-
lent).
Where, R is the reflectance at complete opacity; K is
the Absorption coefficient & S is the Scattering coef- 4. Results and Discussion
ficient Dyed fabrics were simultaneously evaluated in The woolen fabric was dyed with Madder, Sappan-
terms of CIELAB color space (L*, a* and b*) values wood and combination of both the natural dyes with
using the Rayscan Spectrascan 5100+. In general, the alum and ferrous sulphate as mordants. The results of
higher the K/S value, the higher the depth of the color K/S and fastness values of dyed samples are given in
on the fabric. L* corresponding to the brightness (100- Table 4.1 which indicates that as the shade (%) in-
white, 0- black), a* to the red-green coordinate (posi- creased, the K/S values also increased. This is attrib-
tive- red, negative -green) and b* to the yellow-blue uted to increase in the concentration of dye in the dye
coordinate (positive -yellow, negative -blue). As a bath. The a* and b* values also increased as the con-
whole, a combination of these entire co-ordinates en- centration of the dye increased. The dyed sample
ables one to understand the tonal variations. showed reddish yellow tone, in case of dyed samples
mordanted with alum. In case of FeSO4, the K/S val-
3.2 Evaluation of Wash fastness ues were higher than alum mordanted samples indicat-
Evaluation of color fastness to washing was carried ing darkness in the tone as their L* values were lesser
out using ISO II method [6]. A solution containing 5g/ than L* values of alum mordanted sample. This indi-
l soap solution was used as the washing liquor. The cates that FeSO4 treated samples gave duller shades as
samples were treated for 45 min at 500C using liquor compared to the alum treated samples.
Table 4.1: K/S report of Madder dyed wool with Alum (20%) and FeSO4 (3%) as mordant
Sr. No. Shade (%) Mordant K/S L* a* b* Wash Fastness Light Fastness
Rating Rating
1 20% Alum 20% 2.71 60.00 26.47 24.37 4 6
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
FeSO4 3%+
Tartaric Acid 2% 3.82 58.75 19.8 22.98 3-4 4
2 30% Alum 20% 3.69 60.80 27.44 25.87 4 6
FeSO4 3%+
Tartaric Acid 2% 5.06 58.93 20.69 23.98 4 3-4
3 40% Alum 20% 4.71 61.01 28.31 26.95 5 6
FeSO4 3%+
Tartaric Acid 2% 6.24 59.39 21.92 25.23 3-4 3
The colour fastness to washing of dyed samples in case of FeSO4 mordant it shows significant fading.
mordanted with alum showed better fastness than FeSO4 The resistance of dye/pigment to chemical or photo-
treated sample. It is very clear from the results given chemical attack is an inherent property of the dye
in (Table 4.1) that light fastness of alum mordanted chromophore but at the same time the Auxochrome
sample is good, but in case of FeSO4 mordant it is not may also alter the fastness either way. The substitution
so good because the fastness of a mordant dye de- pattern of dyes seems to play an important role in
pends on the mordant and mordanting method. Since determining the light fastness and so also stability of
different metal dye complexes are formed which may dye-mordant complex to light radiations.
differ in their stability to light and also because the
metal may have a positive or negative catalytic effect Table 4.3 summarizes the K/S values and fastness prop-
on the photochemical degradation of the dye impair- erties of woolen samples dyed with Madder and Sap-
ing the light fastness properties. panwood with their relatively different combinations
using alum and ferrous sulphate as mordants. From
Results from Table 4.2 indicate that as the percentage Table 3 it can be seen that, as the concentration of
shade increased, the K/S values of Sappanwood dyed sappanwood was increased at the cost of madder, the
fabric also increased. This is attributed to increase in K/S values decreased from pure madder to pure sap-
the concentration of dye in the dye bath. The a* and panwood in case of both the mordants. The L* values
b* values also increased as the concentration of the of FeSO4 sample were lesser than alum thus indicating
dye in the dye bath increased. For alum mordanted darker shades in case of FeSO4 mordanted and dyed
Table 4.2: K/S report of Sappanwood dyed wool with Alum (20%) and FeSO4 (3%) as mordant
Sr. No. Shade (%) Mordant K/S L* a* b* Wash Fastness Light Fastness
Rating Rating
1 20% Alum 20% 1.38 68.40 18.70 16.87 5 5
FeSO4 3%+
Tartaric Acid 2% 2.29 62.40 5.27 10.98 4 3
2 30% Alum 20% 1.91 65.29 23.53 16.39 5 5
FeSO4 3%+
Tartaric Acid 2% 3.14 61.06 6.38 10.85 4 3
3 40% Alum 20% 2.26 64.63 24.34 16.05 5 5
FeSO4 3%+
Tartaric Acid 2% 4.20 59.96 7.32 10.83 4 3
sample a* value were higher than those of b* indicat- sample. The a* values are slightly higher than b* values
ing reddish yellow tone. In case of FeSO4 as far as the for alum mordanted sample for 30% shade indicating
K/S values were concerned, those of FeSO4 were higher reddish yellow tone on the fabric. Similarly for FeSO4
than those for alum indicating the darkness in the shade mordanted sample the b* values are slightly higher
as their L* values were less than L* values for alum. than a* indicating yellowish red tone on the fabric.
The dyed samples showed very good wash and light
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
The colour fastness to washing is good in case of both fastness properties for all the samples mordanted with
the mordants. It is very clear from the results that the alum and incase of FeSO4 the fastness properties were
light fastness of alum mordanted sample is good, but good.
Table 4.3 K/S report of Compound Shade of Madder and Sappanwood (30%) dyed wool fabric
with Alum (20%) and FeSO4 (3%) as mordant
[Madder-M, Sappanwood-S]
Keywords
Jute fibers, PLA, Composites, Impact test, DSC test, FTIR test, Optical Imaging.
1. Introduction under the category of Bast fibers [2] [3]. This fiber is
Having an eco-friendly environment and protecting it mostly off white to brown colored, 1-4 meter long,
is one of the most important concerns of every human cheap, soft, have high cash value, versatile nature and
being. Nowadays, high demand for the use of compos- luster. Ignition temperature of jute is about 1930C. The
ite materials is escalating today because of high jute is having high specific heat value of 1360 J/kg/K,
strength, high stiffness, low density and cost and light which results good thermal insulation of jute [4]. The
weight. The use of synthetic fiber reinforced poly- fineness of the jute filaments/fibers in terms linear
meric composite materials such as carbon fiber rein- density is 25 denier. The diameter of which will be
forced plastics (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced plas- around 0.06 mm [5]. On account of smaller length and
tics (GFRP) is helpful to meet these demands but higher thickness the length/breadth ratio is low, it is
dumping difficulties that arises have surfaced as an on the average 110 only for the ultimate cell and hence
environmental problem. Concerning this matter, natu- does not fulfill the requirement of spinning [6]. In
ral fibers need to be considered. Therefore, the use of case of resin, Poly-lactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegrad-
natural fiber reinforced polymeric composite has been able thermoplastic polymer derived from corn starch,
springing up in terms of research and development sugarcane, tapioca roots which are all renewable re-
[1].There is a wide variety of natural fibers that are sources [7]. It has an excellent biodegradability in
available which can be used as a replacement for the nature such as in lake, sea, soil and compost. PLA has
existing synthetic materials or metals without compro- a glass transition temperature of around 61.50C, a
mising its potency and toughness Among all the natu- melting point 1750C, crystallinity around 40% and a
ral fibers, jute fiber appears to be a proficient fiber tensile modulus 10 GPa [8]. It is soluble in hot ben-
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
and constitutes huge area of exploration due to its zene, dioxins, chlorinated solvents and tetra-hydro
good mechanical properties compared with other natu- furan. PLA has unique properties like good appear-
ral fibers such as bamboo, hemp, banana, sisal, wool, ance, high mechanical strength, and low toxicity [9].
etc. Jute is a long vegetable natural fiber which falls Because of its deformation and its low melting tem-
perature, it is better to use it for heat-sealing and
*All the correspondence should be addressed to, thermoforming applications [10]. For tensile modulus
M. Ramchandran and flexural modulus, PLA has the highest value in
Asst. Prof. M P S TME, comparison to PS, PP, and HDPE [11]. In the present
MPTP Campus, Shirpur, work jute/ PLA biodegradable composites were pre-
Dhule, Maharashta
E-mail : sweetestchandran@gmail.com pared and various properties were investigated.
2. Specimen Preparation age value was 9.2 Joules and 37.6 Joules respectively.
Jute fiber was cleaned and made into non-woven sheet.
It was reinforced in PLA resin and prepared in a mold 4. Results and discussion
having dimensions 100x100x10 (in mm) [12]. The jute 4.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
PLA resin composite was fabricated by compression Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is a power-
molding process. Compression molding is closed mold ful, versatile and thermo analytical technique in which
procedures in which the preheated molding material is the difference in the amount of heat necessary to raise
placed in an open and heated cavity.Pressure is ap- the temperature of a sample and reference is calcu-
plied to allow the material maintain contact with all lated as a function of temperature [18]. In case of
the mold areas with a plug member until the molding PLA+JUTE, the glass transition temperature of JUTE
material has cured [13]. The jute fibers and PLA resin is 61.040C and for PLA is 153.680C. Also, the value of
were placed in the mold and it is preheated at 1650C glass transition temperature for Jute PLA resin com-
for 3 minutes under no pressure and after that 1.5 Mpa posite is 146.150C (Figure 4.1). Due to the jute addi-
pressure was applied for three minutes at the same tion, the glass transition temperature of the composite
temperature. Furthur the mold was cooled by circulat- is reduced approximately 70. This reduction will not
ing cold water. For the sample, the combination is affect the composite when it is utilized for industrial
taken in the ratio 80:20 (PLA resin: Jute fiber) with 90 roofing sheet.
degree orientation and kept for a duration of 10-12
hours [14].
3. Impact Test
Two standardized tests, the CHARPY and IZOD are
designed and used extensively to measure the impact
energy. The load is applied as an impact blow from a
heavy pendulum hammer released from a position at a
fixed height. The test material or specimen is posi-
tioned at the base. When the pendulum is released, it
strikes the test piece and fractures it at the notch. The
pendulum continues its swing raising lower that the Figure 4.1: Jute-PLA composite DSC test result graph
actual height. The energy absorbed at fracture can be
easily obtained by simple calculations [15]. The tech- 4.2 Fourier Transform Infra- Red Test
nique is applicable to short as well as long fiber com- FTIR test is used to obtain an infrared spectrum of
posites. Izod Impact test is a single point technique absorption or emission of liquid, solid or gas. The
that determines a material resistance to impact from a technique is quite simple. It can categorize unidenti-
pendulum swinging. It can be used as an easy and fied materials; determine the quality of the sample and
quick quality control check to determine if the speci- the quantity of component in a mixture, etc [18].
men meets impact properties and toughness.For ASTM,
the standard specimen is 64×12.7×3.2 mm. The most
common specimen thickness is 3.2 mm but the pre-
ferred thickness is 6.44 mm because it is not as likely
to bend. The depth beneath the notch of the specimen
is 10.2 mm. The Charpy V-notch test is a standardized
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
Texttreasure
References
1) Rakshit Agarwal M. Ramachandran, Stanly Jones
First they ignore you, Retnam, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Ap-
then they laugh at you, plied Sciences, 2015; 10(5): 2217-2220.
then they fight you, 2) Malvika Sharma M. Ramachandran, International
then you win. Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 2015;
10(11):10324-10327.
- Mahatma Gandhi 3) Vineeth Nair, Pratul Khosla, Ramachandran M,
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological
374 March - April 2016
TECHNICAL TEXTILES
Abstract
Over the centuries, handlooms have come to be associated with excellence in India's artistry in
textiles. Right from the ancient times, the high quality of Indian handloom products like muslin
of Chanderi, silk brocades of Varanasi, the Tie and dye products of Rajasthan and Orissa, the
Chintz of Machalipatnam, the Himroos of Hyderabad, the Khes of Punjab, the prints of Farukhabad,
the Phanek and Tongam and bottle designs of Assam and Manipur, the Maheshwari sarees of
Madhya Pradesh and the Patola sarees of Baroda have been famous all over. The art and craft
traditions have been kept alive despite sweeping changes due to continuous efforts of generations
of artists and craftsmen who weaved their dreams and visions into exquisite handloom products.
Coming to the south, Kerala's handloom products have caught the imagination of the world.
Renowned for its impeccable quality, elegant designs and characteristic weave, every district of
Kerala has its own signature handloom product. One among them is the Kasargod saree which
is very famous in Kerala. The traditional designs transformed into an elegant look which interlace
with supreme quality to make this saree stand out in the market. The glorious days of the hand-
woven Kasargod saree may be over but it has withstood the challenges of time and is still popular
among the people.
This documentation on Kasargod sarees is a small effort from our part to understand and capture
the beauty of such a rich tradition.
Keywords
Handloom, Sarees, Tradition, Weavers, Design, Home furnishing etc
1. Introduction to cover the upper part of the body along with the
'Sari' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'sati' which saree.
means a strip of cloth. This sound first evolved into
'sadi' and then into 'sari'. In a saree the midriff is left bare. This is because
according to Hindus, the navel is considered the source
There are some indications which suggest that the saree of life and creativity. Many old sculptures show a
originated in the Indus valley civilization around 2800 variety of different sari draping styles worn by men
to 1800 BC. Dhoti, the Indian man's traditional attire, and women. The origin of the blouse and the petticoat
is believed to be the forerunner of saree. Historians is still doubtful. As it was a tradition in India to use
say that until the 14th century, both men and women only one unstitched cloth to cover the body, it is be-
were wearing dhoti. Dhotis are still being worn in lieved that ancient women did not wear blouses and
rural India. left the upper part of their bodies uncovered. Some
other say that breast bands were worn to cover the
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
A saree can be draped in numerous styles. Normal upper body. It is still unknown how the blouse and
sarees run 6 yards but in some states of southern India, petticoat originated, although it is largely believed that
even nine-yard long sarees are worn. A blouse is worn it was only after the arrival of the British that Indian
women started wearing blouse and petticoat.
*All the correspondence should be addressed to: Kerala has 14 districts from Thiruvananthapuram to
Dr. Chet Ram Meena,
Assistant Professor, Department of Textile Design,
Kasargod and Kerala is known as Gods own Country.
National Institute of Fashion Technology, Kharghar, The handloom industry is spread all over the state but
Navi Mumbai- 410210 it is concentrated in certain places. Every district of
Email: chetram.meena@nift.ac.in Kerala has its own signature handloom product. Kerala
376 March - April 2016
OTHERS
handloom industry carries a vital role in the state's operative Production & Sale Society Ltd. No. L. 381
economy. Balaramapuram saree, furnishing fabrics from was established in the year 1938.
Malabar, Chendamangalam saree, Koothampalli saree
are some of the exclusive handloom products from The major items manufactured in the handloom sector
Kerala. in the Kasaagod cluster range from products made out
of fine cotton yarn to coarser yarn. Kasargod sarees
Southern Kerala is famous for its superfine products, (both Kasargod Cotton sarees and Kasargod Art-silk
like sarees, dhothies and 'Set mundu' etc. central Kerala sarees) are the most famous hand-woven item pro-
is also engaged with such products .But while going to duced here. The traditional Kasargod sarees are wo-
northern side called Malabar the main production ven with coloured cotton yarn (dyed yarn) of finer
changes to coarser varieties like furnishing items, bed counts or with coloured art-silk yarn. These sarees are
spreads, towels etc. The common products in Kerala produced either with check design in the body with
are 'Thorthu' (Bathing towel) and Lungies. Almost 2 solid border or plain saree with butta designs and other
lakh weavers are earning their livelihood from the products like bed sheets, towels and dhothies etc.
handloom industry of which 75% of them are in the
co-operative line. 2. Weavers Community of Kasargod Sarees
The weavers of Kasargod saree belongs to the Shaliya
The 'Kerala kasavu sarees' are praised by the women community. Weaving was a family tradition and was
all over India for their fineness of count, natural colours, practiced in houses.
texture and gold borders. Kerala is also known for its
unbleached cotton handloom crepe popularly known Weaving was a male predominant work. Women helped
as 'kora' cloth that has entered the foreign market and in dyeing, winding and other processes. At present
occupied a proud place in the garment industry. most of the weavers are above the age of 50 years and
have 30 years of experience in this field. Today we
1.1 Origin and history of Kasargod sarees can see active participation of women in weaving. In
This district lies at the northern tip of Kerala and is total there are 45 workers in the society of which 25
bound by the Western Ghats in the east and Arabian are male and 20 are female.
Sea in the west. KASARGOD is the combination of
two Sanskrit words kaasaara and kroda.Many Arab Most weavers have only primary education. This is
travelers, who came to Kerala between 9th and 14th because they were engaged in weaving from child-
centuries A.D., visited Kasargod as it was then an hood itself. However, the young generation of weaver's
important trade centre. community is highly educated.
Art forms of Kasargod include the famous Yakshgana, Workers are paid based on piece rate system i.e.; based
Kumbala (buffalo race), Cockfight, Poorakkali, Kolkali, on the length of fabric woven. Weekly payment sys-
Duff Mutt, Oppana. Kasargod is a land of different tem is practiced. The weavers earn around Rs 1000
languages like Tulu, Kannada, Malayalam, Konkani per week and also they get bonus two times a year for
and Tamil. festivals like Onam and Vishu. Monthly pension of Rs
500 is given to retired weavers.
The origin of the handloom weaving of Kasargod sarees
and other fabrics in this district traces back to 18th
century AD. The Shaliya weaving community migrated
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
No common diseases are reported among the weavers. Table 3.1: Technical specifications of Kasargod sarees
Weaving is a good physical exercise. And also it re-
quires the full concentration, hand and feet coordina- Technical parameter Details
tion. Normally, in cotton weaving, respiratory prob- Length of saree 5.5 metre
lems arise due to cotton fluff inhalation. In Kasargod Width of saree 48 inch
sarees, due to the process of loom sizing and wetting
Border width 2-4 inch
of pirns before usage completely eliminates this prob-
lem. The society provides health insurance for the Pallu width 60cm
weaver's family and they get mediclaim. Count 40s, 60s, 80s, 100s
Reed count 56, 64, 72,80, 96
3. The features of Kasargod saree Material Cotton, rayon(120 D)
The Kasargod saree is characterized by plain or check
Dye Vat dye
design in the body and dobby design in the border.
The pallu and border colour is always in contrast with Weave Plain for body, dobby for bor-
der, jacquard for buttis
the saree body colours. Pale colours are usually used
in the body of the saree. Loom Malabar loom, jacquard attach-
ment - capacity - 240 hooks
The saree is made in 100% cotton as well as in rayon. Price range Rs 800 - 1800
The cotton sarees are made in various counts like 60s,
80s, 100s etc. The saree body is always in plain weave. 3.2. Saree Design Development
Extra warp patterning is done in the border using dobby The specialty of Kasargod sarees is the combination
mechanism. Jacquard mechanism is used to create small of checks and stripe design in the body of saree with
butti designs in the pallu and body of saree. extra warp patterning in the border. A variety of checks
The main feature of this saree is its durability. It lasts and stripe designs are created in the saree like double
upto 20 years showing excellent colourfastness. line checks, narrow to broad stripes etc. Sometimes
Kasargod saree has also been recognized with a Geo- the body is also made in solid colours.
graphic Indication mark in 2010 making it a unique
product. The borders always have extra warp figuring. The
motifs used are mainly floral and temple motifs which
are inspired from the nature and cultures of Kasargod.
Most of the motifs used today are traditional. But new
floral motifs are used for buttis which are developed
with the help of a design development company in
Bangalore. Once the design is obtained it is used to
make jacquard punch cards.The punch cards are made
manually. Every line of the design becomes one
punched card. These are then arranged in sequence
Figure3.1:Kasargod sarees and attached to loom.
Texttreasure width. The palu ends are knotted after cutting the saree
from the loom manually.
If faith in ourselves had been more and The colours used in Kasargod sarees are pale colours
extensively thought and practiced. I am and it is complimented with a contrast border. Vat
sure a very large portion of the evils and dyes are used for colouring the yarn. The number of
miseries we have would have vanished. colours used in the saree varies from 3 to 6.
- Swami Vivekananda.
3.3. Design limitations
The main limitation with design of Kasargod saree is
378 March - April 2016
OTHERS
that most of the weavers are elderly and they are not water for at least 24 hours in a large concrete tank.
able to learn and quickly adapt to design changes in- This process removes all the impurities except the
troduced. Hence, most of design in the saree has re- natural coloring matter. Then the yarn is washed in
mained the same throughout the history of Kasargod normal water and squeezed with the help of a hydro-
saree. Also, the colours of the saree are mainly plain extractor.
and hence its popularity among the youth who look
for bright colours is very low. 4.3 Bleaching
Bleaching is carried out to remove coloring matter
4. Production Process of Kasargod Sarees from the yarn. This is done in the case of yarns to be
dyed in light colours. Bleaching powder is used for
bleaching process.To remove the traces of the bleach-
ing powder, the yarn is treated with diluted sulphuric
acid and washed with water.
a way that the yarns from them can be drawn sepa- withstand the stress and strains exerted during the
rately without touching each other. The bobbins are weaving process is called as sizing. Here the method
put on the creel according to the pattern of the warp of 'loom sizing' is practiced. Natural materials such as
and the required number of yarn is then drawn through tapioca powder or maida form the important ingredi-
a comb to the wooden drum. ent for sizing, which is boiled and diluted as per the
climatic conditions and requirement.On-loom sizing
After the completion of warping, markings are made imparts additional stiffness and shining finishes to the
for desired length of saree using charcoal. The yarn in product.
the form of warp is released from the wooden drum in
the form of chain or loop. One of the uniqueness of
Kasargod saree weaving is the lengthy warp which is
380 March - April 2016
OTHERS
training programme is 40.An experienced trainer is about the product and place orders.
appointed by the government. The trainees are given ◆ There should be scope for customization of prod-
Rs.100 as stipend per day. The government had funded ucts.
Rs.1crore for this project which included the building, ◆ Value addition of products by using techniques
looms, furniture, lodging and the stipend. like embroidery, printing etc.
Decorative Textiles
Use of Elephant grass by Artisans
Woven baskets, mats and hats constitute a small but important part of handicraft
textiles. Basketry is one of the oldest and universally practiced art forms to pro-
duce useful and artistically beautiful objects. Artisans have preserved their tradi-
tional skills over many generations to produce elegant yet strong woven baskets
for both functional and decorative use. Baskets are part of the heritage of almost
all ancient civilisations and their construction and variety make them desirable
decorative home textiles.
He has a vast knowledge in the Elephant Grass is one of such abundantly available natural material which de-
field of dyes and chemicals. He rives its name from being a favorite food and hiding place for elephants. It is also
did his Ph.D. (Tech.) Textile known as Napier grass and scientifically termed as Pennisetum purpureum, a
Chemistry, M.Sc. (Tech.) and species of tropical African grasslands which is also found in many parts of Aus-
B.Sc. (Tech.) from ICT tralia, America and Asia.
(formerly UDCT ) Mumbai. He It has low water and nutrient requirements and therefore can make use of other-
also did Diploma (DIM), wise uncultivated lands. It grows up to 10 feet tall bamboo-like clumps and has
Advanced Diploma (ADM) and yellowish green to purple color. This grass has high biomass production of about
specialization in Marketing 40 tons/ha/year and can be harvested 4 to 6 times a year. The specific advantages
Management (DMM) from of this grass are
I.G.N.O.U. New Delhi. He is
also a Fellow of Society of ◆ Environmentally friendly renewable source
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
Dyers and Colorists, SDC, UK. ◆ Easy to grow having long life span
He has many research and ◆ Low maintenance cost
review publications to his ◆ Does not need pesticides or fertilisers
credit.
Apart from being used for traditional animal feed, this grass finds many uses like
pest management, improving soil fertility, protecting arid land from soil erosion,
paper pulp production, making handicraft articles and for producing bio-fuel.
Varieties of Elephant grass are available in nature and their chemical composition
varies from region to region and also depends on the time of harvesting. Gener-
ally, the protein and cellulosic fibre content decreases while the dry matter content
increases as the grass grows old. Generally, Elephant grass harvesting within 60
to 90 days yields material having highest content of crude As the chemical composition of Elephant grass contains both
protein, cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin and is best suited protein as well as cellulosic components, it can be dyed with
for basket making. different class of dyes which are suitable for dyeing natural
fibres like cotton, linen, jute, wool, silk, etc. Dyestuffs
Composition % belonging to chemical class of Direct, Reactive, Acid, etc.
Protein 12.4 can be used for dyeing of Elephant grass.
Cellulose 12.3 Considering factors like brightness of shade, surface level-
Hemicellulose 38.2 ness, dye diffusion inside fibre core, ease of application,
Lignin 10.7 simplicity of process and adequate fastness properties (wet
and light fastness as the dye should not bleed or fade during
Moisture 8.8 handling and use of baskets, mats and hats), Acid and Metal
Dry Matter, Ash 17.6 complex dyes are found to score over other class of dyes.
In India, hybrid elephant grass varieties are also available The simple dyeing process involves dipping the Elephant
which are more leafy, fine textured, palatable, fast growing grass strands in required quantity of dyestuffs as per desired
and drought resistant than normal Elephant grass. Hybrid shade along with a suitable levelling and an acidic pH
grass contains about 10.2% crude protein and 30.5% crude controlling agent and boiled for 30 to 60 min depending on
fibre which make it high-quality forage for cattle. desired depth of shade. After completion of dyeing the strands
are given a cold wash followed by dyefixing treatment (op-
Basket Making from Elephant grass is well known and
tional) under acidic pH conditions for 30 min at room tem-
practiced commonly in Bolgatanga village located in north-
perature and finally air dried.
ern Ghana where they are called Bolga baskets and similar
process is practiced in other countries as well. This process Summary
requires great practice and skill, as well as serious training
before the artisans become weaving expert. The strands of India has rich heritage of art and craft, each and every part
grass are tied in bunches and then dyed using different of this country has its own unique handicraft styles. The
colors, each part of the basket - the sides, base and handle, handicraft sector in Basketry is evolving and creating prod-
needs special straw which is selected after appropriate dye- ucts according to today's consumer demands. Product diver-
ing. sification and making it contemporary will provide greater
satisfaction to the craftsmen. Basket making craft is a tradi-
The uniqueness of these baskets is that they can be "re- tional heritage providing employment and earning capability
shaped" by wetting them with water and then "massaging" to a large number of craftsman from rural area. Overall, the
them back to original shape with open hand. Their robust, employment in Indian handicraft segment is expected to reach
bamboo like properties give them desired durability and long 80 lakhs by the end of 2017 which at present is estimated
lasting sustainability. These baskets are ideal for shopping, at 67 lakh.
storage and decoration. Elephant grass is also used for making
table mats, sleeping mats, decorative wall hangings, etc. and The Handicraft sector has, however, suffered due to its be-
can also be blended with cotton or other suitable material. ing unorganized, with the additional constraints of lack of
education, low capital, and poor exposure to new technolo-
The Elephant grass is woven by following process : gies, absence of market intelligence, and a poor institutional
framework. In spite of these constraints, sector has witnessed
◆ Each stalk of straw is split vertically in half
a significant growth of 3 % annually. Therefore, dyes and
◆ Two split lengths are rolled and twisted tightly to form
chemical manufacturers like ATUL and RACL have initiated
a strong strand
steps to provide dyes application training to make Indian
◆ Strands are prewetting with suitable wetting agent
handicraft sector shine at global level.
◆ Dyeing with a suitable natural or synthetic dye in a pot
◆ Drying in open air This art is a major source of income for many artisans. But
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
◆ Weaving as per requirement of basket design and size this sector is still unorganised and decentralised. Collabora-
◆ Trimming off remaining | extruding straw from the tion with fashion | designing institutes will also support ar-
basket tisans in getting worldly exposure and the traditional art can
be retained and saved. Moreover, the new generation of
Coloration of Elephant grass
artisans can get different and new innovative ideas which
For achieving uniform and level dyeing effect, it is generally can uplift their economic standard.
recommended to first boil the grass strands in a powerful
Ashok Athalye
wetting agent like RUCOGEN WBL (dosage -1 g/l) for 30
Technical Service,
min to make then thoroughly wet. This helps improve sur-
Atul Ltd (Colors Division), Valsad, Gujarat, India
face absorbency as well as core penetration during subse-
quent dyeing.
The series of chapters under the title, 'Textile scaffolds in Tissue Engineering' are being published in the
Journal of Textile Association which cover the role of textiles for various scaffolds, the type and form of
materials used for making scaffolds, application of these scaffolds for recovery of various organs and the
scope of textile technology in tissue engineering scaffolds in future.
This series is written primarily as an introductory text for an audience comprised of those interested or
already working in, textile related areas, who wish to acquire broad knowledge of tissue engineering
scaffolds and the application of textiles in it.
In the previous chapter, an attempt was made to evolve with a simple understanding about the use of textile
technology involved in the bone tissue engineering. The requirements of bone tissue engineering, the
various materials used for engineering of the hard tissue and the recent advancements done for the
replacement of the bone tissue are covered in the chapter.
In the present chapter, the readers are presented with the aspects of medical scaffolding in dentistry. The
crucial requirements for manufacturing of these scaffolds, the biomaterials in use and the fabrication
techniques are discussed briefly in this chapter. The research carried out in this field of tissue engineering
and the materials available commercially are also covered.
The various biomaterials are also explored in the manu- various factors have to be considered while selecting
facturing of dental tissue scaffolds. Lately, various at- biomaterials for dental tissue scaffolds. The issues like
tempts have been made at the research level to manu- exposure to body fluids present in the oral cavity can
facture scaffold materials using various biopolymers result in the degradation or corrosion of material inside
like natural polymers (collagen, polysaccharides, or the oral cavity, or further to the issue, oral environment
fibrin), natural silk, synthetic polymers [poly (lactic acid) may react with material to release cytotoxic or harmful
or poly (glycolic acid)], and ceramics [hydroxyapatite components. The design of the ideal dental scaffold for
(HA) and tri-calcium phosphate]. A range of dental each tissue to be formed is a challenging task. An ideal
applications such as pulp dentin complex regeneration, scaffold must allow cell attachment and migration,
guided tissue regeneration (GTR), tooth and salivary permit the localized and sustained delivery of growth
factors, and enable the influx of oxygen to maintain the mize the risk of inflammatory response. It must be
high metabolic demands of cells engaged in tissue re- emphasized that during the scaffold degradation, the
generation. The dental scaffolding materials involve local pH should not be significantly lower than the
mainly the use of ceramic materials, also natural and physiological pH, otherwise cell death and protein deg-
synthetic polymers are used for manufacture of scaf- radation may occur.
folds. As the scaffolds are target specific, the choice of
scaffold material depends on the desired outcome. Thus 3. Biomaterials in dental tissue engineering
the physical properties of the scaffold like rheological Biomaterials play a crucial role in the field of tissue
behavior, mechanical properties, surface roughness and engineering. They are utilized for fabricating frame-
porosity as well as chemical characteristics and prod- works known as scaffolds, matrices or constructs which
ucts of degradation that will be formed must be consid- are interconnected porous structures that establish a
ered while selection as dental scaffolds. cellular microenvironment required for optimal tissue
regeneration. Several natural and synthetic biomaterials
The scaffold's physical properties have to attend the have been utilized for fabrication of tissue engineering
needs of the target environment. It must present proper scaffolds.
mechanical resistance to support in vivo stresses, and
it should be mechanically compatible with the surround- Ceramics have noteworthy advantages of aesthetics,
ing tissues. The scaffold's mechanical properties have a biocompatibility, and mimicry of natural enamel prop-
direct impact in tissue formation by affecting cell dif- erties. However, most are custom fabricated into dental
ferentiation into the desired phenotype through restorations and contain porosity and/or stress risers
mechano-transduction. Therefore, linear elastic scaffolds that lead to cracks. A wide range of all-ceramic mate-
are preferred when one attempt to generate bone, and rials have been employed (feldspathic porcelains, leu-
nonlinear elastic or visco-elastic models are more suit- cite-reinforced porcelains, alumina-reinforced porce-
able for soft tissues of the dental cavity. lains, high-density alumina ceramics, high-density zir-
conia ceramics, glass-infiltrated ceramics, glass ceram-
Scaffold porosity is also critical to tissue generation. ics), but not much elegance has been applied to local
The quantity and extension of pores change the spe- control of domain properties within ceramic. Layered
cific scaffold surface modifying its permeability and ceramics and textured ceramics are used to tackle with
mechanical properties, having strong impact in cell the short coming of Surface film modifications or sur-
seeding, nutrient diffusion and tissue in-growth. Nota- face treatments like sandblasting may be used to elimi-
bly, higher number and extension of pores allows for nate fabrication defects that otherwise might generate
enhanced cell growth but reduces scaffold strength. A cracks. Ceramics are difficult to form into complicated
study suggested pore size ranging from 50 to 400 nm geometries using high-temperature processes in a cost-
for the optimum bone growth into porous-surfaced effective manner in small dental laboratories. Novel
metallic implants. However, it has been described up to ceramic textures and micro-structural control can be
80% of bone in-growth after 2 months from implanting produced by rapid prototyping, stereolithography, and
scaffolds in mice, regardless the pore sizes, which other printing techniques.
ranged from 300 to 1200 nm. It has been proposed that
pore interconnectivity is even more important to sus- Cements also have a crucial role to play in the oral
tain bone growth than the pore size itself. cavity. Though they do not represent much volume of
dental material, they are involved in a crucial step of
The scaffold degradation is fundamental to achieve luting and bonding restorations. There has been an
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
success in tissue engineering therapies. The scaffold evolution from the use of the traditional cement (zinc
should ideally reabsorb once it has served its purpose phosphate) towards the use of resin-based cements
of providing a template for tissue regeneration. Impor- (resin-modified glass ionomers). Since 2002, there has
tantly, the degradation must occur at a rate compatible been a new class called "universal cements" which are
with the new tissue formation. For example, the im- a hybrid of the properties of resin-modified glass
plantation of fast degrading scaffolds decreases the in ionomers and composites that purport to replace the
vitro viability of primary smooth muscle cells resulting two types with one. The commercial names of the
in less cell population and lower angiogenesis levels. universal cements are Unicem, 3M ESPE, St. Paul,
Furthermore, the degradation products should not be MN; MaxCem, Kerr, Orange, CA. They are designed
toxic and must be easily cleared or resorbed to mini- to be self-etching.
386 March - April 2016
TEXNOTE
Amongst other biomaterials, polymers are the most the matrix selected should preferably be soft and in-
extensively experimented and employed materials. They jectable to ease delivery into the complex pulp space,
can be tailored to provide good interconnected poros- allow cell attachment to the matrix and the surrounding
ity, large surface area, adequate mechanical strengths, pulp cavity walls, support vascularity and exhibit mini-
varying surface characterization and different geom- mal contraction.
etries required for tissue regeneration. A single type of
material may however not meet all the requirements. A single matrix may not be an ideal scaffold material.
Selection of two or more biomaterials, optimization of Hybrid scaffolds may be best suited keeping in view
their physical, chemical and mechanical properties and the variations in tooth composition.
advanced fabrication techniques are required to obtain
scaffold designs intended for their final application. 4. Fabrication of dental scaffolds
a. Engineering techniques used for dental scaffolds
Biomaterials for constructing scaffolds can be natural / Dental tissue regeneration aims at (a) regenerating an
synthetic and rigid / non rigid. Natural biomaterials entire tooth which is structurally and functionally sound,
offer good cellular compatibility i.e. ability to support (b) regenerating individual components of a tooth like
cell survival and function thereby enhancing the cells' enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, periodontal ligament
performance, and biocompatibility. Their disadvantages and alveolar bone. Bio engineered teeth, similar to
include source variability, immunogenicity, if not pure, natural teeth, are expected to occlude precisely in the
limited range of mechanical properties and lack of dentition, establish proper contacts with adjacent teeth,
control over pore size. Some natural biomaterials used provide proprioception, transmit masticatory loads and
in tooth regeneration include (a) proteins like collagen, restore aesthetics. To generate such teeth with predeter-
fibrin and silk (b) polysaccharides like chitosan, hyalu- mined morphology, it is highly important to precisely
ronic acid, alginate and agarose. and orderly orient epithelial mesenchymal cell layers
onto the scaffold as well as guide their interaction with
Unlike natural biomaterials, synthetic biomaterials can the extracellular matrix.
be manufactured in unlimited supply under controlled
conditions, are cheaper and can be tailored to obtain This differential placement of cells and their interac-
desired shape, cell differentiation properties and me- tion with the matrix can possibly be achieved by em-
chanical and chemical properties especially the strength, ploying 3-D imprinting scaffold fabrication, cell seed-
pore characteristics and degradation rate suited for in- ing techniques and recent advances in nanotechnology.
tended applications. However, synthetic biomaterials The traditional top down strategy in tissue engineering
lack cell adhesion sites and require chemical modifica- aims at seeding cells in a preformed 3D scaffold of
tions to improve cell adhesion. Examples of synthetic polymers, natural porous materials or decellularized
biomaterials are organic polymers like poly lactic acid native extracellular matrix. In the bottom up strategy of
(PLA), poly glycolic acid (PGA), poly lactide-co- gly- tissue engineering, various methods like cell printing,
colic acid (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). Other microwells, cell sheets and self assembled hydrogels
synthetic materials include inorganic calcium phosphate can be used to aggregate cells to form distinct subunits
materials like hydroxyapatite (HA) or beta tricalcium that could then be used as building blocks to engineer
phosphate (? TCP), and compositions of silicate and whole organs.
phosphate glasses. PLA, PGA, PLGA and PCL are few
polymers that are commonly used for forming porous Currently, two approaches are considered for tooth
scaffolds. regeneration:
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
Rigid biomaterials provide structural substitutes where (a) Scaffold based approach which involves using scaf-
as soft biomaterials are chosen to provide cell encapsu- folds on which cells can be planted either in vitro or by
lation. Since a tooth is routinely subjected to mechani- cell homing. Cell homing compared to cell delivery
cal loads, it is crucial that a matrix selected for regen- based tooth regeneration involves in situ induction of
erating hard tissues has adequate strength properties to endogenous stem cells from adjacent host sites to
support the applied loads. Additionally, the regenerated mobilize and inhabit the native host matrix or implanted
matrix should not undergo any volumetric change lest scaffold matrix. This method excludes the need for
it induces residual stresses in the tissue predisposing it isolation and laboratory manipulation of cells thereby
to fracture. For regenerating pulp within a natural tooth, improving clinical success and reducing cost.
(b) Scaffold free approach aims at directly inducing the various research aspects have been explored.
developmental processes of embryonic tooth formation Nanofibers is an important division of biomaterials due
guided by appropriate signals to produce tooth struc- to a wide range of biomedical applications. The fabri-
tures that mimic natural teeth in morphology and size. cation of nanofibers has attracted a lot of researchers
Former approach is dependent on use of biomaterials due to unique properties required for biomedical appli-
for the fabrication of scaffolds. Determining the physi- cations for example availability of greater surface area
cal and mechanical properties of biomaterials and as- for cellular interaction, protein absorption and binding
sessing their effect on cell survival and extracellular sites to cell receptors. Nanofibers can facilitate packing
matrix deposition is imperative for any scaffold based of maximum volume fraction by controlling fibers align-
tissue regeneration. ment and orientation hence improving the material
strength. The material properties such as surface mor-
b. Cell growth methods for regeneration phology, porosity and geometry can be tailored or
The cell growth on the scaffolds can be categorized functionalized for certain applications, for example,
into three different types. The scaffolds can be either bioactive agents for biomedical applications.
cell-seeded, cell-incubated or cell injected. All three
methods are inter-related approaches of tissue engineer- Introduction of nano sized particles has tremendously
ing. These approaches depend on the use of one or revolutionized tissue engineering in the dental field. At
more key elements e.g., cells, growth factors and ma- significantly smaller sizes, these particles greatly in-
trix to guide tissue regeneration. crease the surface area per unit volume and the quatum
effects compared to large sized particles, thereby im-
For cell injection strategy, stem cells are the most suc- proving the performance behavior of materials. Collec-
cessful candidate. Since the tissue formation resulted tive advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the
from cellular action, injection of inherently intelligent fabrication of innovative scaffolds like composite
cells, stem cells in particular, into the defect have been nanofibrous scaffolds that simulate the matrix environ-
suggested to regenerate tissues. The effectiveness of ment in which cells can be accommodated to prolifer-
this therapy however is limited by low engraftment and ate and differentiate towards desired lineages. Nano
inadequate localisation of injected cells particularly in meter sized fibers can be processed to form highly
areas showing continuous movement. Immunological porous scaffolds that will allow easy cell migration and
rejection and the ability of the injected cells to main- nutrient diffusion. Not only do they provide a large
tain their phenotype are other challenges. Due to the surface area for cell attachment but also because of
limitations with cell injection therapy, there has been a increased porosity permit the delivery of drugs and
clear and distinct shift to recruiting the circulating body growth factors, thereby allowing interaction between
cells to regenerate the tissues. This is known as cell- cells and extracellular matrix as seen during normal
induction therapy. tissue development.
Combining all the previous attempts together led to the Nano fibrous scaffolds that will promote functional
emergence of another strategy to engineer tissues. This tissue regeneration can be created by simple coating
strategy depends on the isolation of appropriate cell methods, blending of polymeric- bioactive molecules
population from a biopsy taken from the patient or a or by surface modification methods. Hydrophilization,
donor. And the most likely candidate for such therapies electro-spinning and more recently electro-spin-electro-
remains the Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC). spraying are few methods that enable the synthesis of
polymeric and composite nano scaffolds suited for spe-
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
factor and its downstream targets. Modifying the poly- Application in Dentistry Biomaterial used
mer surface with cell adhesive ligands like arginine- Tooth regeneration Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA),
glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide derived from fibro- Polydiaxonone (PDS)
nectin improves cell adhesion and interaction. The ef-
Guided tissue Collagen, Poly
fect of artificial bioactive nano structures- branched
peptide amphiphile molecules containing RGD (BRGD- regeneration (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA),
Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA),
PA) on ameloblasts like cells and enamel organ epithe-
Poly carpolactone (PCL)
lial cells of mouse embryonic incisors was studied. In Polyethylene oxide (PEO), Silk
both cell and organ culture models, enhanced cell at-
Caries prevention Chitosan
tachment and proliferation with greater enamel specific
protein expression levels were seen. Introducing cell Reinforcement of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA),
cleavable groups in polymeric hydrogels also improved resin composites Polyacrylnitrile, Polystyrene,
Nylon
cell penetration.
Implant modification PLGA, Collagen
Large complex 3D scaffolds laden with microvascular Cartilage regeneration PCL Polyethylene oxide (PEO),
networks and growth factor concentration gradients have Chitosan
recently been designed using microfluidics to promote Drug delivery Poly (ethylene-co-vinylacetate),
culturing of multiple cell types and guide cell growth Poly (lactic acid) (PLLA),
in a controlled space. Encapsulated cells within 200 Poly (lactide-co-glycolide)
?m of the micro-fluidic channels have shown the best (PLGA)
survival, suggesting that microchannels provide con- Wound and Poly-L-(lactic acid), Poly
duits for diffusion of nutrients and metabolites to seeded mucosal repair (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA),
cells thereby enhancing neo-vascularization and/or cell chitin, chitosan,
metabolism which is especially important when regen- silk fibroin, collagen
erating dental pulp. About the Authors
Miss. Pallavi Madiwale is currently pursuing Ph.D.(Tech.)
Electro-spinning in Fibers and Textile Processing Technology in the
The major application of electrospun materials is pri- Department of Fibers and Textile Processing Technology,
marily for tissue engineering and regeneration of oral under Prof. (Dr.) Ravindra V. Adivarekar, at Institute of
and dental tissues. The electro-spinning is an excellent Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai, India. Her research
technique for fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds. areas of interest are Functional finishes, Encapsulation
A variety of materials including natural polymers (silk, of speciality chemicals, Bio-materials and Tissue
collagen, chitosan), synthetic polymers (polyvinyl alco- engineering.
Mrs. Rachana Shukla is currently pursuing Ph.D.(Tech.)
hol, polydioxanone) and nano-composites (hydroxya-
in Fibers and Textile Processing Technology in the
patite blends) have been electrospun for tissue engi-
Department of Fibers and Textile Processing Technology,
neering of oral and dental tissues. In addition, these under Prof. (Dr.) Ravindra V. Adivarekar, at Institute of
materials have been used for biomaterials applications Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai, India. Her research
such as modifications of implant surfaces, restorative areas of interest are Textile colouration, Polymer science,
nano-composites and drug delivery. In addition, these Conservation of resources in textile wet processing and
materials have been used for biomaterials applications Effluent treatment.
such as modifications of implant surfaces, restorative Dr. Ravindra Adivarekar is currently Professor and Head
nano-composites and drug delivery. of the Department of Fibres and Textiles Processing
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
M. P. Unit
Seminar on
SHAPE INDIA - SHAPE TEXTILE
ENERGY SAVED - MONEY EARNED
The Textile Association (India) - Madhya Pradesh Unit
organized a seminar jointly with International Copper
Association & Spinners Club 'Shape India - Shape Tex-
tile on Energy Saved - Money Earned' on 05-12-2015 at
Hotel Shiv Palace at Mandideep, Bhopal.
TAI M.P. Unit has given him the responsibilities of TAI Choudhary & Team (Oswal Denim), Mr. Yashpal
Bhopal chapter. He also mentioned for Mr. N.S. Nirban Kanogiya (Shanti Gears), Mr. V.K. Soni, Sunil Yadav&
that "Khandar batate hai imarat kitni majboot thi". Team (NBT Textile), Mr. Kailash Agrawal (MPACPT),
Mr. Sunil Mittal & Team (Moenus Textile Pvt. Ltd.) and
Mr. S.Pal, Chief Guest of function was honored with others.
Life Time Achievement Award, who has highly contrib-
uted in changing the scenario of textile industry in the The seminar ended with National Anthem and followed
region. by Dinner.
Mr. K.N. Hemanth Kumar, made his Technical presenta- Chief Sponsor: International Copper Association
tion. Also Mr. H. M. Tripathi has given success mantra India Co- Sponsor: TAI M.P. & Spinner Club
"Power Saved Money Earned". Mr. Tripathialso high-
390 March - April 2016
UNIT ACTIVITY
ing Director, Turtle Ltd. as Chief Guest. West Bengal Unit proposed the vote of Thanks.
Dr. K. K. Goswami, Director, Indian Institute of Car- Total participant were 120 from various educational
pet Technology Bhadohi (U.P.) was present as Guest Institute and Industries from the state.
of honour. Our Advisor of West Bengal Unit TAI- Dr. Lunch was arranged after the First Session and High
S. K. Bhattacharya Ex-director NIRJAFT was present Tea was arranged by Colourtex.
in the function as special Dignitary.
Macchine Tessili group from Italy have entered into a up of Savio group in India, will continue to provide
strategic partnership at parity position for sales & and ensure state of the art Customer Support and Spare
marketing of Automatic Winders, Two-For-One Twist- Parts Services.
ers (TFO), Continuous Yarn Shrinking Machines, OE
Rotor Spinning Machines in India from 1st April 2016. The A.T.E. group, with its strong marketing network
The Savio group for more than 100 years after its through 11 offices across India and a knowledgeable
modest beginning in 1911 has played major role in sales and marketing force, complements the compe-
development of textile industry worldwide and with tence of the Savio group as Savio's sales and market-
its manufacturing facilities in Italy, India and China ing partner in India. A.T.E. is in the unique position of
that offers state of the art machines. being the only company with a presence across the
392 March - April 2016
NEWS
entire textile value chain for textile machinery & ac- ment costs together with minimum power consump-
cessories, utilities and complete after sales service tion, low maintenance times and the lowest life-cycle
solutions (for key segments). A.T.E. thus is the only costs. With two models : the new generation machine
company with the capability of offering to Indian cus- Sirius with an Electronic Drive System (EDS) and the
tomers a 'one window solution' from spinning to gar- traditional twisting machine Cosmos, Savio has been
ment making. able to address the different needs of different seg-
ments of the markets, offering long term benefits to its
The Savio group has taken a quantum leap and ce- customers through cost effectiveness, energy saving
mented it's technological trend setter position with its and low investment cost.
new automatic winder series EcoPulsarS, launched
during the recently held ITMA at Milan. Through the The partnering of Savio with A.T.E., is set to immensely
new winder EcoPulsarS, Savio has introduced an en- benefit the Indian textile industry, as the expertise from
tirely new concept, which has a capability of giving these two leading groups, offer complete winding and
users up to 30% energy savings and up to 10%, en- twisting solutions to the Indian customers which will
hanced productivity. Savio's well proven and the best- give them a sustainable competitive advantage in their
selling automatic winder model Polar is still the #1 business.
winder in many world markets.
Savio and A.T.E. will soon be organizing customer
Savio is also a front runner with a wide range of Two- days across India for presenting the most advanced
For-One twisters diversified for different market re- winding and twisting technology solutions to the In-
quirements. The Savio twisting technology combined dian customers.
with an ingenious machine design offers low invest-
namic web forming machines (Airlay), crosslappers dustry. The product range includes coating and lami-
and needle looms for mechanical bonding. AUTEFA nation lines, winding, slitting, rewinding purposes and
Solutions Switzerland delivers equipment for thermal packaging as well as complete lines for the artificial
bonding, drying systems including dryers and ovens turf and carpet industry. CAMPEN Machinery A/S
for the wood pulp and short cut stable fiber based headquarters is in Denmark and are owned by VARO
Airlaid industry. A/S (Group). For more than 40 years, the group has
built hammer mills, drum forming heads and complete
lines for globally leading manufacturers within the
airlaid industry.
Mayekar is continuously promoting Technical Textiles 1,58,540 crores by 2016-17. Globally technical tex-
in India since 2000 & have successfully executed sev- tiles contribute to about 27% of textile industry. In
eral projects in domestic as well as international mar- most of the developed countries, its share is even 50
kets. Till date Suvin has completed 225 assignments percent while in India, it is hardly 11%. As Indian
including 13 international assignments. Suvin is al- market size is very small compared to global markets,
ways in continuous efforts to serve Technical Textile globally there is a huge market for Indian players to
Industryprofessionally & exploring new platforms to explore.
promote India in global markets.
International Exhibitions give a common platform to
The global market for Technical Textiles is ever in- display products & offerings in global markets. It's a
great way for networking & business promotion where furnishings and allied industries. During three days of
one can get unique opportunity to meet potential buy- the event, one can meet and conduct business with
ers. IDEA is the industry's premier event for nonwovens actual decision makers.
and engineered fabrics. Mr. Avinash Mayekar Says "I
am a regular visitor to IDEA shows since 2007 & Suvin has smartly identified this as a unique opportu-
found ever increasing response by global leaders as it nity to market Indian products in untapped global
gives an opportunity to showcase our credentials to markets. Suvin is pleased to have strategic alliance
entire world. Through my personal contacts in global with Indian organizations & represent them during
Technical Textile industry, I have well established IDEA 2016. Suvin has all technical expertise, product
network in various countries". knowledge & marketing network to promote products
globally. They are all set to represent Indian clients
It is expected that more than 7,000 people will con- in IDEA'16 @Booth No. 2140, Hall B.
verge in Boston from more than 70 countries from
various sectors like hygiene, filtration, medical, auto- Let us carve out … Better tomorrow!!!
motive, geotextiles, building/construction textiles, home
SSM at ITM in Istanbul, Turkey, 1 - 4 June ◆ Dye Package Winding/Rewinding (including Tech-
2016, Hall 3 / Booth 315A. nical Textiles)
Twelve applications with the latest SSM technol- ◆ Assembly Winding
ogy will be showed. ◆ Air Texturing
All machines are presented for the first time in ◆ False Twist Texturing
Turkey. ◆ Sewing Thread Finish Winding
SSM announces their participation of the forthcoming Besides of the presented application, SSM offers the
ITM in Istanbul, Turkey, from June 1st to 4th. new X-Series (PSX-W/D, PWX-W and TWX-W/D)
for Dye Package Winding/Rewinding and Assembly
The Swiss based SSM Schärer Schweiter Mettler AG, Winding as well as the well-known machines for Air
the inventor of the electronic yarn traverse system, Covering, Draw Winding, Yarn Singeing and Conven-
will continue their tradition of trend-setting with the tional Covering.
presentation of breakthrough technologies.
As the market leader in these fields, SSM enjoys an
After the successful introduction at ITMA in Milan, excellent reputation. Furthermore, SSM maintains a
SSM will show their latest technologies and inven- worldwide service network that ensures the training of
tions for the first time in Turkey. Special attention lays their customer's staff and the maximum return on
on the new XENO-platform with the enhanced customer's investments.
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
info@ssm.ch, www.ssm.ch
www.textileassociationindia.org
business promotion
SSM_GIUDICI_TG2-FT_300dpi
automatic false-twist texturing machine with doffer
SSM_DURO-TW_300dpi
precision package winder for technical yarns
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
SSM_XENO-YW_300dpi
precision package winder with DIGICONE® 2
396 March - April 2016
NEWS
Assistant Q is the built-in support service which solves Agansa is also able to maximize the impact of the
this problem perfectly for spinners. Backed by 65 years benefits of USTER®TESTER 6 by organizing tailored
of USTER expertise, Assistant Q checks all measure- training sessions in the local language, targeted at the
ments and proposes a checklist of solutions for any needs of both the customer and of the local market.
quality issue it finds - akin to hiring a new staff mem- Well-trained staff completes the circle for the USTER
ber with all the know-how a mill could need. Total Quality Testing concept for Indonesia - making
the ambitions of the spinning mills an achievable re-
Seeing is believing ality.
Visitors at Indo Intertex can see a live presentation of
the USTER®TESTER 6 at Agansa's booth (hall B3, Media contact:
booth no. 77-78). After the show, the motto for spin- Edith Aepli
ners will be 'Seeing is Believing' as they are invited to Senior Manager Marketing & Communication
book in for detailed tests with their own yarns at the Uster Technologies AG
Agansa HQ in Bandung. Sonnenbergstrasse 10
CH - 8610 Uster / Switzerland
"We are proud to present the USTER®TESTER 6 at Direct +41 43 366 38 80
the exhibition and later in our showroom, as we are Mobile +41 79 916 02 91
convinced that innovative solutions such as this are Fax +41 43 366 39 58
the key to a prosperous future for the textile industry E-mail edith.aepli@uster.com
in Indonesia," says Halim. www.uster.com
Ahmedabad-382 430.
Baskara Industries Email: sales@perfectequipments.com
Coimbatore-641 009. Pipe Agencies
Email: baskarainds@gmail.com Coimbatore-641 018.
Canalair Air Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Email: pipe.agencies@gmail.com /
Coimbatore-641 006. info@pipeagencies.in
Email: br.balan@canalair.in Poornima Enterprises
ba.joseph@canalair.in Coimbatore-641 034.
Email: poornima.naval@gmail.com
trend of visitors were 80% from the spinning industry; This 10th Product-cum-Catalogue Display Show was
while 12% from weaving and 8% from processing very grand success. Many of the companies received
industry. Further, the category of Executives & Senior the enquiries and some orders confirmation.
Officers were about 30%, followed by 25% Managers,
23% Technicians and 22% Traders.
'ANNEXURE-I'
Dissemination of information
Excellent Good Fairly Good Sufficient Insufficient
11 (22%) 16 (32%) 8 (16%) 4 (8%) 1 (2%)
Administrative arrangements
Excellent Good Fairly Good Sufficient Insufficient
9 (18%) 21 (42%) 6 (12%) 2 (4%) 2 (4%)
Follow us on
ITM 2016 -
Most important dynamic
exhibition of textile industry
ITM 2016 International Textile Machinery Exhibi- Sales for ITM 2016 completed
tion and concurrent HIGHTEX 2016 International Money traffic in the world causes industries region-
Technical Textile & Nonwoven Trade Fair expected ally either to rally or to restrain. It is anticipated that
to attract 1200 exhibitors and more than 60.000 the2016-2017 season will be extremely positive for
visitors from 72 countries, will be held at Tuyap the region. The depreciation of EU, particularly in the
Fair Convention and Congress Center on June 1-4. Euro region, against dollar compared to previous years
will further highlight Euro as an exporter. It will also
lead Europe to cut down purchases from the Far East.
Lately, IMF has raised its forecast of growth of Tur-
key in 2016 from 3.2 to 3.8. The clearest indicator for
this is the strong demand in ITM 2016. Sales for ITM
2016, the largest edition since it's foundation / ever,
have been concluded by April. Strategic importance of
Turkey in textile and apparel has a great share in the
increase in the number of exhibitors. ITM 2016, grow-
ing by 55% compared to ITM 2015, has further in-
creased interest.
is held in Istanbul, one of the world's most strategic ITM Exhibitions gain worldwide attraction with its
locations in geographical terms, will be a meeting point visitors as well aswith its exhibitors. In addition to
for all the industry representatives. Istanbul, the West's local textile manufacturers showing keen interest, each
doors to the East and the East's doors to the West has exhibition is also visited by purchasing committees,
a position as the centre of textile industry. ITM 2016 groups of investors and professional visitors from all
where brands intending to become one of the actors in over the world. Particularly at 2013 Exhibitions, be-
the world market will exhibit their innovative technol- sides the neighboring countries, visitors from textile-
ogy investments and new products will be the address investing regions in the world such as Bangladesh,
for textile industry in 2016. Vietnam, Indonesia, Iran, Egypt, Uzbekistan,
Turkmenistan and Africadrew attention. An increased
404 March - April 2016
NEWS
number of visitors from Europe and Asia, particularly at Istanbul Tuyap Fair Convention and Congress Cen-
Iran and countries, is expected for the ITM 2016 Ex- ter on June 1-4, 2016. At HIGHTEX 2016 Exhibition,
hibition. In this direction, worldwide promotional the first and only event in its field, raw materials for
meetings and press conferences have been organized technical textiles, intermediary and final products and
for ITM 2016 Exhibition. Activities are still running production technologies will be seen together. The fact
anywhere from Europe to Far East, from USA to Af- that HIGHTEX 2016 Exhibition, the largest gather for
rica. technical textiles in the Middle East and Eastern Eu-
rope, will be concurrently held with ITM 2016 Exhi-
HIGHTEX 2016 will be held simultaneously bition will create a highly positive and efficient syn-
HIGHTEX 2016, the 6th International Technical Tex- ergy.
tile and Nonwoven Trade Fair,will be held in Hall 11
Stäubli's sales and technical teams cover the whole Dobbies and cam motions
country, from Istanbul to Kayseri and Gaziantep, closely The third generation of Stäubli's rotary dobbies, the
collaborating with customers as long-term partners. S3060/3260 series, can be seen with many application
These relationships are beneficial for both Stäubli and examples at the Stäubli stand and the booths of many
its customers. As an industry partner, Stäubli constantly other weaving machine manufacturers. This new gen-
analyses customers' most important needs and inte- eration of rotary dobbies reaches new heights of per-
grates solutions to them in the development of its new formance and reliability.
products. Working in this way, Stäubli offers an exten-
sive machinery range that perfectly meets weavers'
expectations and offers mills increased advantages in
terms of reliability, long service life and versatility in
application.
Amongst the products being exhibited at the ITM are: S3060 rotary dobby
ADVERTISEMENT INDEX
A.T.E. Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. A-3 Precision Rubber Ind. Pvt. Ltd. A-8
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
Journal of the Textile Association A-7 Rieter India Ltd. (Copmponents) A-5
Visitors at the LIVA Lounge Designer Abhijeet Khanna at the LIVA Lounge
Management Succession at
Uster Technologies Ltd.
Thomas Nasiou will take over the position as CEO of "The Board of Directors of Uster Technologies and
Uster Technologies as of April 1st, 2016. Dr. Geoffrey Toyota Industries Corporation are pleased that, with
Scott and Philip Mosimann will become Co-Chairmen the new management organization, the long term con-
of the Board of Directors. Koichi Ito joins the USTER tinuity and success of Uster Technologies is secured.
Board of Directors succeeding Susumu Toyoda. With Thomas Nasiou a strong internal successor as
CEO is in charge, and with the support of Dr. Geoffrey
As previously communicated, Thomas Nasiou will Scott as a Co-Chairman, knowledgeable and dedicated
assume the role of CEO (Chief Executive Officer) for leadership continues in the best interest for the com-
the new financial year starting onApril 1st, 2016. This pany and its customers", says Philip Mosimann, Chair-
follows a planned transition and handover of respon- man of the Board of Directors of Uster Technologies.
sibilities from Dr. Geoffrey Scott who will remain as
a member of the Board of Directors. For further information please contact:
www.saurer.com
optimising the winding process, the energy consump- productivity right from the start.
tion atany moment can be monitored online centrally
at the Informator. The Autoconer 6 can be equipped With the technologically optimised, high-performance
with thenew Energy Monitoring facility for this. Speedster FX module and the new SmartJet
functionwith which the doffer supports the upper yarn
SmartCycle and the new intelligent vacuum adjust- search, another 6 % productivity can also be gained
ment system work together according to the "power optionally.In practical tests with the SmartJet function,
ondemand" principle, i.e. creating a vacuum as required. the doffer aids the upper yarn search so effectively
This lightens the energy demand in the winding that "red lightperiods" are reduced by up to 70 %.That's
millsignificantly between yarn end pick-up cycles. 12 % more productivity in all - a unique leap forward.
Even the time- and labour-intensive consumption mea- Added value in downstream processing: Schlafhorst
surements for optimising the energy utilisation quality packages
ofprocesses are no longer required on the new The Autoconer package is the benchmark for quality
Autoconer 6. The integrated Energy Monitoring and and added value in downstream processing. Theperfect
the newoperating console supply all the information interaction between the new standard yarn tension
needed for conserving energy at a glance. control system Tension Control, the unwinding accel-
erator, the new Eco-Drum-Drive System, effective elec-
Smarter splicing
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
Oerlikon is strengthening its technology and market Georg Stausberg, CEO of Oerlikon's Manmade Fibers
position in its core business areas by taking advantage Segment commented: "The former Fleissner staple
of the ongoing consolidation in the chemical fibers fibers technology portfolio of Trützschler Nonwovens
market, which was triggered by the market downturn & Man-Made Fibers GmbH is an ideal fit for our
in China. With the acquisition of the former Fleissner business. It enhances our existing technology offering
staple fibers technology portfolio and the intellectual and broadens our service business. Furthermore, it
property (IP) of Trützschler Nonwovens & Man-Made opens up attractive business opportunities with key
Fibers GmbH, the Segment becomes the leading tech- customers in that field. Combining the staple fibers
nology and equipment provider in the global staple process solutions and key components of both compa-
fibers market. The acquisition expands the Manmade nies will enable us to increase customer value through
Fibers Segment's staple fibers technology expertise and developing further innovations. In addition, we will be
broadens the Segment's customer base and service able to offer the entire range of customer services for
business in the respective areas. As staple fibers projects all installed machines and plants of the former Fleissner
are increasingly tied to continuous polycondensation staple fibers technologies."
facilities, already now the Manmade Fibers Segment
is well positioned to operate as a provider of complete For further information, please contact:
solutions. Both parties have agreed not to disclose Nicolas Weidmann
details of the transaction. Truetzschler Group is dis- Head of Group Communications
continuing its staple fiber business as it has decided to Tel +41 58 360 96 02 Fax +41 58 360 98 02
focus on its core business activities. pr@oerlikon.com
www.oerlikon.com
Dr. Roland Fischer, CEO of the Oerlikon Group, said: Andreas Schwarzwälder
"The acquisition of the staple fibers technology port- Head of Investor Relations
folio of Truetzschler is another important step in line Tel +41 58 360 96 22 Fax +41 58 360 98 22
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
is aiming to grow by more than 30% overall in the E-mail: investor@rieter.com I www.rieter.com
next three years, based on sales amounting to 127.5 Rieter Management Ltd. - Media Relations
million CHF in 2014. Cornelia Schreier
Head Corporate Communications
Profitability T +41 52 208 70 32 I
Rieter has been consistently implementing the STEP F +41 52 208 70 60
UP program (drawn up in October 2014) for the pur- E-mail: media@rieter.com I www.rieter.com
pose of achieving its mid-term targets, i.e. an opera-
tive profitability (EBIT margin) of 10% in conjunction
with a return on net assets (RONA) of 14%.
trial design. But USTER customers will already recog- USTER®TESTER 6 has helped to sustain their busi-
nize the same style concepts in products such as the ness success thanks to the Total Testing Center and
USTER®QUANTUM yarn clearer. other innovative features. Positive feedback of this kind
is the best award USTER could ever receive."
Excellence has its reward
Only products which stand out strongly for their de- About the Red Dot Design Award:
sign excellence can earn the sought-after quality seal
from the international Red Dot jury, inaugurated in
1955.For the 2016 awards a total of 5,214 products
and innovations entered from 57 countries. Professor
Dr. Peter Zec, founder and president of the Red Dot
Award, says: "With their performances, the Red Dot
winners not only demonstrated an extraordinary de-
sign quality, but they also showed that design is an
integral part of innovative product solutions."
Winners of the Red Dot Design Award 2016 will also Edith Aepli
be set down for posterity in the Red Dot Design Year- Senior Manager Marketing & Communication
book 2016/2017. In this publication, the Uster Technologies AG, Sonnenbergstrasse 10
USTER®TESTER 6 is described as follows: "Gloss CH - 8610 Uster / Switzerland
and matt chrome finishes together with black compo- Direct : +41 43 366 38 80 Mobile : +41 79 916 02 91
nents reflect the technical dimensions of the tester." Fax : +41 43 366 39 58
E-mail : edith.aepli@uster.com
Says Peters: "We are proud to be a winner of the Red www.uster.com, www.red-dot.org.
Dot Design Award 2016 but it will always make us
even more proud when customers report how the
418 March - April 2016
NEWS
Working with modern camera devices renders radia- Fabric INSPECTOR V3. Using this features already
tion safety instructions obsolete. The CamCOUNT V3 for incoming quality control of fabrics, completes the
fabric measurement directly on the machine rollers system with detailed visualization and reporting - prior
makes measurement plates obsolete, avoids friction and to production and for process tracing with tolerance
allows numerous positions to mount the system - even bands.
on relatively small areas along the fabric run. Smart
software algorithms to analyze fabric density and evalu- For more details please contact:
ate parameters for process control of shrinkage and Jürgen Jerzembeck Head of Marketing
overfeed, add value on different machines as +49 177 555 8241
sanforizing or compactors. Juergen.Jerzembeck@setex-germany.com
March - April 2016 421
NEWS
With Suvin signing an international project with Af- facilitation and implementation of commercially vi-
ghanistan for development of Cotton Value Chain in able agricultural value chain. These are further supple-
Afghanistan, there is one more feather in the Suvin's mented with infrastructure projects in the target prov-
Cap in terms of international projects. inces of Afghanistan. CARD-F seeks to empower rural
communities and strengthen their economic standing
Comprehensive Agriculture and Rural Development - through design and implementation of comprehensive
Facility (CARD-F) is an agriculture & rural develop- and inclusive sets of development interventions. As a
ment programme of the Islamic Republic of Afghani- model of cross-ministry collaboration, CARD-F works
stan. CARD-F aims to increase rural employment, under the patronage of an Inter- Ministerial Commit-
income and business opportunities through the design, tee (IMC) which consist of various ministries.
422 March - April 2016
NEWS
Textile industry in Afghanistan is yet to pick off. Apart stand the sector in brief where they got the opportu-
from few ginning mills, there is no much presence of nity to meet industry leaders, plant heads, various
any other textile value chain. Most of textile & ap- authorities& research bodies.
parel requirement is taken care by imports from other
countries mainly Pakistan. Though the cotton produc- The next step would be visit of team of experts from
tion in Afghanistan is adequate, most of cotton is Suvin to Afghanistan to carry out 360 degree market
exported to Pakistan due to lack of Textile Industry research to assess existing situation in Afghanistan in
presence in Afghanistan. In order to establish commer- terms of raw material availability, infrastructure and
cially viable cotton value chain & create more sources government policies to frame right strategy.
of employment in Afghanistan, it is needed to map
right strategy. Mr. Avinash Mayekar, MD & CEO of With 13 international assignments& 215 assignments
Suvin Advisors says, "We are extremely proud to bag in PAN India, Suvin would like to assist the industry
such a prestigious international project which will in meeting the dynamic demands of the rapidly ex-
create Suvin's strong mark in international Textile In- panding global and domestic industry at competitive
dustry. levels.With its profound knowledge base & strong
support of internationally trained consultants, Suvin
With past experience in devising strategy for various will work towards sustainable growth of Textile Indus-
countries, Suvin is sure to adopt right strategy which try. Their key strengths will be always the priority to
will help Afghanistan to identify underlying opportu- customer needs, ground-breaking ideas, market oriented
nities with higher success rate. To start with, team of approach, scientific project planning & execution and
experts from Suvin has assisted Afghanistan delegates result oriented practical solutions which give them
to understand Textile Value Chain starting from Gin- upper hand over their competitors.
ning to Garmenting as well as backward integration of
extraction of cotton seeds to oil refinery. Then they Suvin is confident to handhold Afghanistan Textile
have been exposed toIndian Textile Industry to under- Industry for successful implementation of the project.
their yarn quality will be right first time, every time. Easy operation, easy investment choice
Designed-in ergonomics make it simple, even for un-
The USTER®TESTER 6-C800 also offers several trained operators, to tackle any potential quality issues
completely new features to assist filament quality with confidence. The USTER®TESTER 6-C800 has
monitoring. A unique automatic twist scan facility top-quality graphical user interface, with an intuitive
makes twister settings easier. touchscreen monitor. It means the lab operatives can
stay focused on test results, promoting higher effi-
Measurement results for the famous USTER® value ciency and optimum user satisfaction - while the de-
CVm are presented as easy-reference graphics, with cision-makers can be sure of a wise investment choice
diagrams, spectrograms and histograms. These cover with the USTER®TESTER 6-C800.
inert and half-inert values, as well as cut-length re-
sults. Easy operation, easy investment choice
Designed-in ergonomics make it simple, even for un-
USTER know-how is also built in, accessible through trained operators, to tackle any potential quality issues
the new Knowledge Based System (KBS). This en- with confidence.
ables users to trace the cause of quality problems on The USTER®TESTER 6-C800 has top-quality graphi-
the spinning machine quickly, without the need for cal user interface, with an intuitive touchscreen moni-
extra settings or input from the machine supplier. A tor. It means the lab operatives can stay focused on
single click on the spectrogram display brings up the test results, promoting higher efficiency and optimum
defective component on the screen. The KBS saves user satisfaction - while the decision-makers can be
time, as well as improving quality, avoiding expensive sure of a wise investment choice with the
claims. USTER®TESTER 6-C800.
Hubert TRETSCH (Superba's marketing manager), customers as well as new ones from Turkey and sur-
President of the Promotion Committee of the French rounding countries. Our clients and we share the same
Textile Machinery Manufacturers' Association goal: be reliable long term partners for our customers.
(UCMTF), will be at ITM Istanbul June 1-4. We are not looking for short term profits but to make
our companies stronger and stronger to seize the mar-
He states, "Our tradition of R & D associated with our
kets opportunities and be able to absorb the difficult
long term partnerships with our clients explains why
years. We are mainly SME's, often family owned, lead-
France is exporting around one billion Euros worth of
ers or co-leaders in their markets. This is why we
textile machinery each year." Eventhough there are
understand each other so well with our Turkish cus-
many opportunities to meet the Turkish customers on
tomers who are real entrepreneurs".
424 March - April 2016
NEWS
At ITM, the textile and carpet industrialists will be of experience in Airlay technology Laroche will nota-
shown the latest technical innovations by the French bly introduce the new AIRFELT with "RESINFELT"
teams. The stability of these teams allows them to go option, and the latest innovations in used clothes recy-
well beyond the purely technical and address the long cling processes.
term objectives of their customers. LAROCHE has been a strong partner to many major
More information on the French textile machinery Turkish companies in the nonwoven and recycling
manufacturers can be found on the portal industries for more than 30 years. LAROCHE pro-
www.ucmtf.com vides a full range of engineering, development and
NSC Fibre To Yarn support services for turnkey projects.
Hall 3 Booth 318A In Cours-La Ville - France, a 2000 m² technical center
with SAMOTEKS equipped with one Airfelt with "Resinfelt" option and
NSC Fibre to Yarn continues to develop and propose 2 "Flexiloft" Airlays with needle loom and
Tow To Top lines with the model S200 of stretch thermobonding oven, allows to test and prove the tech-
breaker followed by the new model of defelter rebreaker nical solutions on industrial lines. Customers are wel-
model D5GC40 and GC40 chain gill. As finisher m/c, come to use these facilities to develop their new prod-
the FMV41/42 vertical rubbing frame takes place. ucts.
Recently, NSC Fibre To Yarn has installed semi-wor- The company's sales, service and spare parts teams
sted lines with SW35 carding m/c (2.5 m or 3.5 m follow up each customer throughout the life time of
wide), manufactured by N. Schlumberger followed by the equipment. With 2 manufacturing plants and after
preparation lines consisting of chain gills model GC sales support, LAROCHE serves highly satisfied cus-
40 and finishers m/c model FMV41/42. tomers in more than 70 countries.
New: NSC offers to modernize recycling lines for SUPERBA
acrylic fibres or blended ones by introducing its well- Hall 2 Booth 214
known combing ERA between card and gills. The SUPERBA, a member of the Vandewiele group of
contribution of the combing ERA is economically es- companies since July 2015, will be present at ITM in
sential according to 4 points of view: Istanbul in on a common booth under the Vandewiele
- production: 1 ton per day in 3 deniers (3 shifts). roof.
- cleanliness: 25% of neps less compared with PB SUPERBA, already mastering the sophisticated space-
family m/c. dyeing technique for years, will show their latest
- energy consummation: equipment with economic machine type MCD3. This new version is able to
motors. continuously dye a bundle of 72 yarns, with a produc-
- reduced consummation of spare parts owing to a tion of up to 280Kgs/h combined with a TVP3 line
new design of kinematic. and up to 400Kgs/h with a DL5 line with a range of
NSC Fibre to Yarn is honored to have numerous Turk- 6 spot colors plus 1 base shade. Thanks to its unique
ish customers with whom the machinery manufacturer high-speed piezo-electric linear actuator technology,
can improve the machines and adapt them to each the machine offers a wide range of spot patterns, from
customer's needs. short-space (20mm) to extra-long-space (150m), under
In order to give the best service in Turkey, an organi- the control of a powerful pattern creation software
zation of a spare parts have been set up in Gaziantep (Yarndraw3).The new MCD3 also permits a new style
with the BILGE/Automation Company. of space-dyed yarn thanks to its exclusive bi-color
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
latest version of the MF400 frieze box integrated in- PETIT has a consequent and permanent storage capac-
side the MLU also enables to produce a new style of ity of spare parts with more than 20 000 references
frieze yarn with very even waves and offers the elec- multi brand for fine count textile machines especially
tronic control of the friezing from very light to strong ICBT and looms for Saurer Diederichs.
frieze effect. All technical drawings for manufacturing of spare parts
DOLLFUS & MULLER are compliant with the genuine ones.
Hall 12 Booth 1202 C An acknowledged know-how with a rich experience in
Dollfus & Muller, founded in 1811, manufactures the field of covering, texturizing, twisting.
endless felts and dryer belts for the textile finishing
The company is also a covering spindles manufacturer
factories. The company will exhibit:
with a range for bobbin from 400 grs to 2000 grs and
- compacting sanfor felts for knit finishing
rotation speed from 1000 to 30000 rpm.
- sanforizing felts for denim and woven fabrics fin-
ishing PETIT and its agent OBEN INNOVATEKS have been
- printing dryer belts for textile printing actively preparing their ITM offer to meet their cus-
- sublimation blankets for transfer printing. tomers' needs and propose them the right solutions.
Dollfus & Muller will introduce, at ITM, its improved AESA
compacting sanfor felt for knit finishing with major Hall 3 Booth 315B
evolutions compared with the other products in order A worldwide leader in air engineering for all textile
to serve better the dyeing houses. The compacting production processes for natural fibers as well as for
sanfor felt quality brings a special care to the fabrics man made fibers in all different stages: spinning, knit-
thanks to its smoothest surface, has an excellent guid- ting, weaving, hosiery, nonwovens, dyeing and finish-
ing and the best compacting rate in relations with its ing. The company is specialized in air-conditioning
new exclusive compacting sanfor felt design. and waste collection systems for textile factories.
The Dollfus & Muller's sanforizing palmer felts are The overall energy saving is becoming a competitive-
ideal for Denim producers. At ITM, the company will ness factor. The AESA air conditioning plants are
show its proven durable Sanfor felts. The Dollfus & contributing in a big way to this goal. For spinning
Muller's Sanfor felts are recognised by most of the factories, the state of the art is to drive all fans and
major machine makers as the best felts. pumps motors through inverters. For weavings, the
latest development called WEAVE DIRECT is capable
Furthermore, Dollfus & Muller will display its new
to reach up to 50 % energy savings. This is possible
durable printing dryer belt quality TAMIP HT 500 NR.
thanks to a dedicated supply air ducting system where
This print dryer belt is the most durable printing dryer
unique and localized WDB type diffusers are placed
belt specially designed for pigment printing of bed
above each loom. Like this the moisture needed for a
sheeting. Dollfus & Muller will as well display its
good output is conveyed in the right quantity to the
exclusive print open mesh belt specially designed for
right place above the loom, and the overall air require-
the production of fine fabrics, scarves, flags.
ment can be reduced drastically.
These belts have special non marking surfaces which
Last but not least the DIGIVENT control system, with
can avoid as well the particles on the back side. Dollfus
latest AESA logic is capable to have even more stable
& Muller has the widest range of printing dryer belts
room condition between running and not running high
and the strongest dryer belts.
speed machines.
Dollfus & Muller staff will be available for its cos-
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
widen and deepen the market at the same time." ing demand.
The Confluence conference saw presence of over 600 LIVA is focussed on women's clothing - western, eth-
top industry players from across the country to delib- nic, fusion wears, leggings, palazzos, harem pants,
erate various trends and options to grow the viscose stoles, etc and has ambitious plans to exponentially
pie in the domestic market. ramp up the women's wear sale in India based on the
inherent potential it envisages. After leggings, LIVA's
"Currently, the per capita consumption of viscose fibre has forayed into sarees based on consumer insights
is 0.2 kg in India while the globally it is 0.75 kg and with more developments in more categories in the
the same is twice in China at 1.5 kg. Globally, man- coming months.
made fibres have growing faster than cotton, with vis-
March - April 2016 429
NEWS
● GENERAL:
◆ The Factors Affecting the Purchase Intentions of Dipanjan Kumar Dey 1 24
Young Generation for Branded Apparels
● HANDLOOM:
◆ Product Diversification of Handloom Khesh Fabric Lina Chakraborty 5 304
● HOME TEXTILES:
◆ Analysis of Human Physiological Comfort Properties P. Kandhavadivu, R. Rathinamoorthy 3 165
of Commercial Hospital Bed Linen Fabrics & R. Surjit
● MANAGEMENT:
◆ Studies in General Acceptance and Efficacy of M. D. Teli, Prateeti Ugale & 3 172
Baby Diapers Sanket Valia
Corporate Social Responsibilities in Textile and Lalit Jajpura, Sushil Kumar & 5 307
Apparel Industry Jai Veer
● MEDICAL TEXTILES:
◆ Studies in General Acceptance and Efficacy of M. D. Teli, A. Mallick & V. Warge 1 9
Baby Diapers
● OTHERS:
◆ Parameters of Choice of Sanitary Napkins M. D. Teli, Aranya Mallick & 4 235
-A Techno-commercial Survey Aakansha Srivastava
◆ KasargodSarees : The Threads of Tradition C R Meena, Minakshi Sanjay, 6 376
Nidhi Dhaneesh & Nikitha S.
● PRINTING:
◆ Traditional Printed and Resist Textiles of Gujarat Madhu Sharan, Vandana Chauhan & 2 78
- an Overview Hinal Kaystha
● PROCESSING:
◆ Printing of Cotton with Natural Dyes using Pre and M. D. Teli, Sanket P. Valia & 1 23
Meta Mordanting Techniques Chandni Pradhan
● SMART TEXTILE:
◆ An Overview on the Growth and Prospectus of Mamatha G. Hegde 1 15
Intelligent Textiles and Clothing
● SPINNING:
◆ Influence of Rotor Machine Process Parameters on R. N. Narkhedkar & A. B. Bagawan 1 5
Rotor Yarn Quality
◆ The process Dynamics of Egyptian Cotton G-86 Dr. Eng. Ibrahim A. Elhawary & 6 361
with a Compact Spinning Machine Mohamed Y. Naeim
● TECHNICAL TEXTILES:
◆ Application of Textile Materials in Earth-quake V. C. Mudnoor, R. P. Sawant, 1 19
Resistance Constructions A. V. Mahajan & A. L. Gulve
◆ Development of Nylon/Carbon Nanotube S. Kumaravel & A. Venkatachalam 4 229
Multilayered Fabric for Protective Application
◆ Scrutiny of Jute Fiber poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) M. Ramchandran, Sahas Bansal & 6 372
Resin Reinforced Polymeric Composite Pramod Raichurkar
● TESTING:
◆ Comparison of Handle Properties of Cotton Alsaid Ahmed Almetwally, 4 222
Fabrics Wove from Ring and Compact Spun Yarns M.M. Mourad, Ali AliHebeish &
from Different Pneumatic Compacting Systems Nermin M. Aly
◆ Studies on the Physical Properties of Spandex / Manjunath Burji, P. V. Kadole, 5 298
Polyester Air Covered Yarns M. Y. Gudiyawar & B. M. Patil
● TEXPERIENCE:
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
● TEXNOTE :
◆ Chapter 6: Wool based scaffolds Pallavi Modiwale, Rachana Shukla 1 30
& Ravindra Adivarekar
◆ Chapter 7: Textile scaffolds as tissue adhesives Santosh Biranje, Pallavi Modiwale, 2 111
Rachana Shukla &
Ravindra Adivarekar
◆ Chapter 8: Textile Scaffolds for Skin Recovery Pallavi Madiwale, Rachana Shukla, 3 191
and Replacement Ravindra Adivarekar
◆ Chapter 9: Textile Scaffolds as wound healing Trupti Sutar, Pallavi Madiwale, 4 246
bandages Rachana Shukla & R.V.Adivarekar
◆ Chapter 10: Textile scaffolds for bonerecovery Pallavi Madiwale, Rachana Shukla, 5 318
and replacement & R.V. Adivarekar
◆ Chapter 11: Textile scaffolds in Dentistry Pallavi Madiwale, Rachana Shukla,
& R.V.A divarekar 6 385
6. Name and address of individuals who own the : The Textile Association (India), Central Office
newspaper and partners holding more than 1% 72-A, Santosh, 2nd Floor, Dr. M.B. Raut Road,
of the total capital ShivajiPark, Dadar, Mumbai - 400 028
I, J.B. Soma, hereby declare that the particulars given are true to the best of my knowledge and belief.
Mumbai (Sd/-)
1st March 2016 J.B. SOMA
Publisher
Sd/- Sd/-
Dr. G.S. Nadiger Haresh B. Parekh
Co-Chairman, P. A. C. Hon. Gen. Secretary
Candidates Section - D
(Fabric Manufacture) Section -E TOTAL
Registered 02 01 03
Appeared 02 01 03
Passed 02 01 03
Pass 100.00 %
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
Sd/- Sd/-
Dr. G. S. Nadiger Haresh B. Parekh
Chairman, P. A. C. Hon. Gen. Secretary
Optional Subjects
Date Yarn Manufacture Group Fabric Manufacture Group Textile Wet Knitting & Garment
Processing Group Manufacture Group
25.12.2016 Process Control in Yarn Mfg. Process Control in Fabric Mfg. Wet Processing-I Knitting Technology
26.12.2016 Modern Yarn Manufacture Modern Fabric Manufacture Wet Processing-II Garment Technology
Sd/- Sd/-
Dr. G. S. Nadiger Haresh B. Parekh
Co-Chairman, P. A. C. Hon. Gen. Secretary
Journal of the TEXTILE Association
23.12.2016 Short Staple Yarn Mfg. Advanced Fab. Manufacture Wet Proc-Pre Treat. Apparel & Bleaching
Technology
24.12.2016 Long Stap& other Knitting Technology Wet Proc.-Dyeing Supply Chain
Yarn Mfg. Mange in Apparel Mfg.
25.12.2016 Engg Design & Engg Design of Fab. Wet Proc-Printing & Apparel
Yarn Structure Structure Finishing Merchandising
26.12.2016 Process &Qual Process Control & Qual. Analytical Chem. In Garment
Management & Yarn Mfg Mrkt in Fab. Mfg. Textiles Proce. Tech.
27.12.2016 Man-made Fibre Fabric Structure & Design Proce&Qual Manage Process In Wet Proce.
Technology Control& Quality Manage
in Apparel Mfg.
Optional Papers
28.12.2016 Specialty & High Non-Woven Technology ColourTehory & Social & Trade
Performance Yarns(s) Col.Matching Compliances
29.12.2016 Silk Reeling & Technical Textiles Effluent Treat & Garment Acces. &
Throwing Technology Eco Friendly Proce. Fashion Forecasting
30.12.2016 Quality &Envir. System Quality & Environment Quality & Environ Visual
in Yarn Mfg. Systems In Fab. Mfg. System in Wet Proc. Merchandising
Website : www.textileconferenceiitd.com
M.: +91 9004975533
Yarn, Fabric & Accessories - Trade Show 2016 E-mail : sdc@sdc.org.in
Website : www.sdc.org.uk
Date : 23th to 26thNovember, 2016
Venue : NSIC Exhibition Centre, Okhla,
New Delhi, India Every effort is made to ensure that the
Contact : Abhishek Sharma - M.: +91-9810872914 information given is correct. You are however,
E-mail : asharma@yfatradeshow.com advised to re-check the dates with the
M. : Ankur Goel - +91-9212707924 organizers, for any change in schedule, venue
Website : www.yfatradeshoe.com
etc., before finalizing your travel plans..