Equipments and Manipulations Associated with Weighing

Introduction
Scales are very essential device or equipment which helps you to measure the object’s
weigh in a very precise manner. This provides with the exact measurement of the things
which are produced or manufactured. To satisfy the requirements of the people there are
numbers of products being produced. Before it is handed to someone each product is needed
to be measured, the weight of the object can be measured using various types of weighing
scales like platform floor scales, truck scales, weighing scales, and many other types’ benches
and platform are available in the market. To measure the objects when place on scales this
will help you.
To inappropriate weigh stats an inexact scale can guide and possibly will prove expensive.
In helping persons manage and keep up their physical condition by indicating when they are
require to decrease or increase their weight on an individual level, weighing scales can be
influential. To make sure that your outcome are precise and to as long offers you a peace of
mind in the approve manner standardizing your weighing scale is input. To provide precise
outcome a lot of additional kind of scales like bench scales, floor scales, truck scales, bagging
scales, weighing scales and counting scales are intended. In diverse capability, dimensions,
load cell, class and form, these scales are intended. To determined mass of the vehicle,
vehicle scales are frequently use. According to the requirements of the consumer or client
additional number of scales is created. With the counting of number of items it provides
correct measurement while an item has been positioned on some kind of scale. With
innovative tools the scales are created these days. To the needs and request of the buyer these
tools are innovated accordingly. To attain the outcome in a larger quantity scales are
manufactured only. Out of steel and concrete truck scales are made. Each day to handle a
larger amount of weight all year long they are built. Up to 36, 000 kilograms per load the
scales can manage. With the help of sensors that collects signals from a junction box, the
weight is determined. In the concrete strain gauges which are wires embedded and running
through them they have an electrical current. To calculate the weight or the heaviness of a
thing weighing scales are the scales. With the weight of the thing positioned on the weighing
scale the most important reason this scale is to be familiar for the set up. Varying from small
to huge or weighty load it decides the weight of equipment or thing positioned on the scale.
With various types of capacity like large, medium and small, weighing scales are
manufactured with no or with masses within the object the weigh scales will compute the
weight of the thing. Still when the truck is with or with no load of commodities the
dimensions can be accomplished with first-rate accurateness when the weight of the truck is
to be calculated. (Apollo Scales, 2018)
The mass of many solids changes with humidity because they tend to absorb weighable
amounts of moisture. This effect is especially pronounced when a large surface area is
exposed, as with a reagent chemical or a sample that has been ground to a fine powder. The
first step in a typical analysis, then, involves drying the sample so that the results will not be
affected by the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere. A sample, a precipitate, or a
container is brought to constant mass by a cycle that involves heating (ordinarily for one hour
or more) at an appropriate temperature, cooling, and weighing. This cycle is repeated as
many times as needed to obtain successive masses that agree within 0.2 to 0.3 mg of one
another. The establishment of constant mass provides some assurance that the chemical or
physical processes that occur during the heating (or ignition) are complete.

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to learn

 identify the different weighing tools in laboratory

 explain the proper use of various weighing tools and;
 demonstrate its functions and techniques used in Analytical Chemistry

Materials:

 weighing scale
 triple beam balance

Procedures:
Desiccators and Desiccants
Oven drying is the most common way of removing moisture from solids. This approach is not
appropriate for substances that decompose or for those from which water is not removed at
the temperature of the oven. Dried materials are stored in desiccators while they cool so as to
minimize the uptake of moisture. Figure 18-8 shows the components of a typical desiccator.
The base section contains a chemical drying agent, such as anhydrous calcium chloride,
calcium sulfate (Drierite®), anhydrous magnesium perchlorate (Anhydrone® or
Dehydrite®), or phosphorus pentoxide. The ground-glass surfaces are lightly coated with
grease. When you remove or replace the lid of a desiccator, use a sliding motion to minimize
the likelihood of disturbing the sample. An airtight seal is achieved by slight rotation and
downward pressure on the positioned lid. When you place a heated object in a desiccator, the
increase in pressure as the enclosed air is warmed may be sufficient to break the seal between
lid and base. Conversely, if the seal is not broken, the cooling of heated objects can cause
development of a partial vacuum. Both of these conditions can cause the contents of the
desiccators to be physically lost or contaminated. Although it defeats the purpose of the
desiccators somewhat, you should allow some cooling to occur before the lid is seated. It is
also helpful to break the seal once or twice during cooling to relieve any excessive vacuum
that develops. Finally, you should lock the lid in place with your thumbs when moving the
desiccators from one place to another. Very hygroscopic materials should be stored in
containers equipped with snug covers, such as weighing bottles; the covers remain in place
while in the desiccators. Most other solids can be safely stored uncovered.
Manipulating Weighing Bottles Heating at 105 to 110°C is sufficient to remove the moisture
from the surface of most solids. Figure 18-9 depicts the arrangement recommended for drying
a sample. The weighing bottle is contained in a labeled beaker with a ribbed cover glass. This
arrangement protects the sample from accidental contamination and also allows for the free
access of air. Crucibles containing a precipitate that can be freed of moisture by simple
drying can be treated similarly. The beaker containing the weighing bottle or crucible to be
dried must be carefully marked to permit identification. You should avoid handling a dried
object with your fingers because detectable amounts of water or oil from your skin may be
transferred to the object. You can eliminate this problem by using tongs, chamois finger cots,
clean cotton gloves, or strips of paper to handle dried objects for weighing. Figure 18-10
shows how to manipulate a weighing bottle with strips of paper.

Weighing by Difference
Weighing by difference is a simple method for determining a series of sample weights. First
the bottle and its contents are weighed. One sample is then transferred from the bottle to a
container; gentle tapping of the bottle with its top and slight rotation of the bottle provide
control over the amount of sample removed. Following transfer, the bottle and its residual
contents are weighed. The mass of the sample is the difference between the two weighing. It
is essential that all the solid removed from the weighing bottle be transferred without loss to
the container.

Weighing Hygroscopic Solids

Hygroscopic substances rapidly absorb moisture from the atmosphere and therefore require
special handling. You need a weighing bottle for each sample to be weighed. Place the
approximate amount of sample needed in the individual bottles and heat for an appropriate
time. When heating is complete, quickly cap the bottles and cool in a desiccators. Before
weighing a bottle, open it momentarily to relieve any vacuum. Quickly empty the contents of
the bottle into its receiving vessel, cap immediately, and weigh the bottle again (along with
any solid that did not get transferred). Repeat for each sample and determine the sample
masses by difference.

Weighing Liquids
The mass of a liquid is always obtained by difference. Liquids that are noncorrosive and
relatively nonvolatile can be transferred to previously weighed containers with snugly fitting
covers (such as weighing bottles); the mass of the container is subtracted from the total mass.
A volatile or corrosive liquid should be sealed in a weighed glass ampoule. The ampoule is
heated, and the neck is then immersed in the sample; as cooling occurs, the liquid is drawn
into the bulb. The ampoule is then inverted and the neck is sealed off with a small flame. The
ampoule and its contents, along with any glass removed during sealing, are cooled to room
temperature and weighed. The ampoule is then transferred to an appropriate container and
broken. A volume correction for the glass of the ampoule may be needed if the receiving
vessel is a volumetric flask.
Guide Questions: