Khulna 225 MW 联合循环电厂

Khulna 225 MW Combined-cycle

Power Plant

启动锅炉运行规程
Startup Boiler Operation and Maintenance Manual

2016-00-00 发布 2016-00-00 实施
Issued on 2016-00-00......................................Implemented on 2016-00-00

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 目录
Contents

一．锅炉简介：
I. Brief introduction about boiler；..............................................................................................................................2
1. 燃烧器部分：
Burner part:...........................................................................................................................................................3
2. 给水系统：
Feeding water system:..........................................................................................................................................4
3、燃料供给系统：
3. Fuel supply system:..........................................................................................................................................4
4、PLC 控制装置：
4. PLC control device:..........................................................................................................................................4
二、水压试验：
II. Hydraulic test:..........................................................................................................................................................4
三、启动的条件：
III. Starting conditions:.................................................................................................................................................4
四、烘炉、煮炉：
IV. Drying-out and boil-out of boiler:..........................................................................................................................5
1．烘炉、煮炉应具备的条件：
1. Conditions available for drying-out and boil-out:............................................................................................5
2．烘炉：
2. Drying-out:.......................................................................................................................................................5
3．煮炉：
3. Boil-out of boiler:.............................................................................................................................................7
五、试运：
V. Trial run:...................................................................................................................................................................8
六、运行：
XI. Operation:...............................................................................................................................................................8
1．启动前的准备工作：
1. Preparation work before starting:....................................................................................................................8
2．点火、升压
2. Ignition and pressurize....................................................................................................................................10
3．供汽
3. Steam supply...................................................................................................................................................11
4．正常运行的监测
4. Monitoring of normal operation:....................................................................................................................11
5．正常运行时要求保持锅炉房的整洁，做好交接班工作。
5. Maintain boiler house neat during normal operation, and carry out hand-over work well...........................12
6．停炉：
6. Shutdown of boiler.........................................................................................................................................13
七．停炉后的保养：
VII. Servicing after shutdown of boiler:....................................................................................................................14
八、维护保养
VIII. Maintenance and serving...................................................................................................................................15

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一．锅炉简介：
I. Brief introduction about boiler;
WNS 型锅炉主要由锅壳、炉胆、管板、水冷壁、烟管、燃烧器等部件组成，燃烧器装设在锅炉前端，后部水
冷壁布置过热器换热管，前烟箱烟气出口设置了省煤器，有效降低了排烟温度，提高锅炉效率。
The WNS type boiler mainly consists of the boiler shell, the boiler furnace, the tube plate, the water cooling wall,
the flue tube and the burner etc components, the burner is equipped in front of the boiler, the rear water cooling
wall is arranged with the over-heater heat exchange pipe, the flue gas outlet of the front smoke box is equipped
with the economizer, which can effectively reduce exhaust smoke temperature and improve efficiency of the
boiler.
锅炉运行时，燃料经燃烧器喷射入炉膛，并在炉膛内充分燃烧，烟气从炉膛出来后流向水冷壁，水冷壁
后部布置了过热器，烟气冲刷过热器后流向对流烟管、经烟箱接口接至省煤器，后经烟囱排出。锅炉以微
正压方式燃烧。这种锅炉的布局方式其结构合理、燃烧彻底、热效率高、安全性能好，烟尘排放及噪音符合
国家环保标准。
When the boiler is working, the fuel is injected into the boiler furnace through the burner, which is sufficiently
burnt in the boiler furnace. Flue gas flows towards the water cooling water after it comes from the boiler furnace,
the rear part of the water cooling wall is equipped with the over-heater, flue gas flows towards the convection flue
tube after it flushes the over-heater, it is connected with the economizer via the interface of the flue box and
finally exhausted out through the chimney. The boiler is burnt at fine positive pressure way. The layout way of the
boiler is reasonable in its structure, combustion is complete, thermal efficiency is high, safety performance is
good, and smoke dust exhaust and noise are in accordance with national environment protection standards.
锅炉外形简图见下图：
Please refer to the following figure for outline schematic figure of the boiler:

1. 燃烧器部分：
Burner part:
锅炉的燃烧设备选用国外先进燃烧器，有可靠的点火程序和灵敏的熄火保护装置、自动风量比例调节，其
各动作的控制由程序控制器来完成，因此具有自动化程度高、出蒸汽快、热效率高等特点。
The burner equipment of the boiler selects the foreign advanced burner, which has the reliable ignition program,
the sensitive fire extinguishment protection device and automatic air quantity proportion regulation, control of its
action is completed by the program controller, therefore it is characterized with high automation degree, quick
steam delivery and high thermal efficiency etc.
2. 给水系统：
Feeding water system:
采用国内外先进电子检测电路进行自动控制，采用水位与水泵、燃烧器联锁控制。当锅炉水位到达低水位
时自动启动水泵进行补水，正常水位停泵。若因水泵损坏等原因无法补水，致使水位继续下降到达危险水
位，将自动报警，并输出信号使燃烧器停止燃烧，防止因缺水而烧坏锅炉。
The domestic and foreign advanced electronic detection circuits are applied for automatic control, which applies
interlock control of water level with the water pump and the burner. When water level of the boiler reaches low
water level, the water pump is automatically started to make up water, the pump is stopped at normal water level.

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If it can’t make up water because the water pump is damaged etc reason, and water level continues drop down to
dangerous water level, it will alarm automatically and output signal to make the burner stop burning, which will
protect the boiler against damage caused by water shortage.
3、燃料供给系统：
3. Fuel supply system:
本锅炉设计燃料为 0#柴油和天然气作燃料。管路中必须安装我公司配备的过滤装置，以保证燃料的洁净。
The boiler is designed to take 0# diesel and nature gas as the fuel. The pipeline must be equipped with the filter
device which is supplied by our company so as to ensure fuel clean.
4、PLC 控制装置：
4. PLC control device:
采用 PLC 进行全自动控制，并采用触摸屏进行人机对话。用户只需打开电源开关，在点火条件具备情况下，
按下 “启动”按钮，即可实现自动运行。当燃烧器点火成功后，用户可根据自身工作需要自行设置参数进行
负荷控制等。
The PLC is applied for wholly automatic control, and the touch screen is applied for human-machine dialogue.
The user only switches on the switch of the power, press down the “Start” button when ignition conditions are
available, it can realize automatic operation. After ignition of the burner is successful, the user can set parameters
by himself for load control etc according to own working demand.
二、水压试验：
II. Hydraulic test:
锅炉安装完毕后，做试压前检查和锅炉清理工作，关闭各检查孔和有关阀门，然后向锅炉进水，并按照
《锅炉安全技术监察规程》有关规定进行水压试验。
After installation of the boiler is complete, carry out inspection before pressure testing and cleaning works of the
boiler, close every inspection hole and the relevant valves, and then feed water into the boiler, and carry out
hydraulic test according to relevant regulations in Safety technical supervision procedure of boiler.
三、启动的条件：
III. Starting conditions:
锅炉经总体验收合格后，方可投入使用。使用前必须仔细检查锅炉的各零部件，检查项目如下：
After general acceptance of the boiler is qualified, it can be put into operation. Be careful to inspect every parts of
the boiler before application, inspection items are shown as the following:
1．手孔及有关阀门是否严密可靠。
1. Inspect whether the hand hole and the relevant valves are tight and reliable.
2．燃料管道、蒸汽管路、补水管路及电气线路等连接是否正确。
2. Inspect whether connections of the fuel pipe, the steam pipeline, the make-up water pipeline and the electric
circuit etc are correct.
3．各种仪表是否齐全，符合要求。
3. Inspect whether various instrument is complete and in accordance with requirement.
4．进水管是否畅通，锅炉内水位是否正常。
4. Inspect whether the water intake pipe is smooth and whether water level in the boiler is normal.
5．电源总线是否接好，电源进线为三相四线。严禁将火线接到零线。
5. Inspect whether the bus of the power supply is connected well, the incoming wire of the power supply is three
phase and four wire. Prohibit to connect the live wire to the grounding wire.
6．控制柜上的各控制按钮及指示灯是否正常。
6. Inspect whether every control button and the indication lamp on the control cabinet are normal.
7．燃烧器电机及给水泵电机旋转方向是否正确。
7. Inspect whether rotation directions of the burner motor and the feeding water pump motor are correct.
8．根据用户的实际使用情况设定各种参数。
8. Set various parameters according to actual application conditions of the user.
9．试运转，检查燃烧器工作是否正常，各控制功能是否正常。然后关闭总电源，等待下步的正常运行。
9. Inspect whether the burner works normally during trial run, inspect whether every control function is normal.
And then switch off the general power supply, and wait for normal operation of next step.

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四、烘炉、煮炉：
IV. Drying-out and boil-out of boiler:
1．烘炉、煮炉应具备的条件：
1. Conditions available for drying-out and boil-out:
1.1 锅炉及管路系统安装完整无误，整体水压试验合格，外观检查合格。
1.1 Installation of the boiler and the pipeline system are complete and free of fault, hydraulic test in a whole is
qualified, and appearance inspection is qualified.
1.2 锅炉有关仪表校验合格，各辅机运转正常。
1.2 Calibration of the relevant instrument of the boiler is qualified, operation of every auxiliary equipment is
normal.
2．烘炉：
2. Drying-out:
2.1 烘炉可根据现场条件采用火焰、红外线加热等方法，WNS 系列锅炉烘炉的重点是前烟箱（炉门），由
于烟箱（炉门）耐火材料均采用耐火混凝土浇注，因此烘炉时应严格按照耐火混凝土烘烤的有关技术要
求进行，不可任意缩短烘烤时间或加快烘烤升温速度。
2.1 Drying-out can apply flame and infrared heating etc methods according to field conditions. The key point for
drying-out of the WNS series boiler is the front smoke box (the furnace gate). Because ass fire retardant materials
of the smoke box (the furnace gate) are casted by the fire retardant concrete, it shall strictly carry out relevant
technical requirements about baking of the fire retardant concrete during drying-out, baking time shall not be
freely shortened or temperature rise speed of baking shall not be speeded up.
2.2 烘炉时间一般为 4-6 天，究竟多少天数适宜，要根据炉墙的具体情况，以及当地的气候条件等因素具
体确定。锅炉的升温速度可参考如下要求：一般低温阶段（＜250℃）应缓慢升温（10～15℃/h），高温
阶段（＞250℃）可适当加快升温速度（50～150℃/h），具体加热阶段和时间如下
2.2 Drying-out is generally 4-6 days, how many days is suitable shall be determined according to concrete
conditions of the furnace wall and local climate conditions etc concrete factors. Temperature rise speed of the
boiler can refer to the following requirements: temperature shall slowly rise up (10~15℃/h) during general low
temperature phase (<250℃), temperature rise speed (50~150℃/h) shall speed up suitably during high
temperature phase (>250℃), concrete heating phase and time are shown as following:
常温～150℃约 24 小时；150℃恒温 36 小时；150～350℃约 20 小时；350℃恒温 24 小时；350℃～600℃
约 12 小时；600℃恒温 12 小时，最后 12 小时烘炉可与煮炉同时进行。
Constant temperature of ~150℃ for about 24 hours; constant temperature of 150℃ for 36 hours; temperature of
150~350℃ for about 20 hours; constant temperature of 350℃ for 24 hours; temperature of 350℃~600℃ for
about 12 hours; constant temperature of 600℃ for 12 hours, drying-out for final 12 hours shall be carried out
together with boil-out of the boiler.
2.3 及时排出水蒸汽
2.3 Timely exhaust of water steam
为了及时排出烘炉期间产生的水蒸汽，在烘炉时，应打开检查门，当发现炉墙的温度比较大时，还应减
缓升温速度并加强通风，以便使炉墙中的水分及时蒸发并顺利排出。
In order to exhaust water steam which is generated during drying-out in time, open the inspection gate during
drying-out. When temperature of the furnace wall is found too high, slow down temperature rise speed and
strengthen ventilation, so as to make water moisture in the furnace wall to evaporate in time and exhaust
smoothly.
2.4、烘炉的合格标准
2.4. Qualification standard of drying-out
2.4.1 炉墙经烘烤后不应有变形和裂纹，混凝土不得有塌落等缺陷。
2.4.1 The furnace wall shall be free of deformation and crack after drying-out, the concrete shall be free of
collapse etc default.
2.4.2 达到下列规定即认为达到合格。
2.4.2 After the following regulations are reached, it is considered qualified.
2.4.2.1 炉墙灰浆试样法
2.4.2.1 Furnace wall mortar sample method
在过热器位置的炉墙下部位置分别取耐火砖的丁字交叉缝处的灰浆 50g，若其含水率小于 2.5%，则为合

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格。
Take mortar 50g at the T-shaped crossing seam location of the refractory brick at lower position of the furnace
wall at the super-heater position. If its water content is less than 2.5%, it is qualified.
3．煮炉：
3. Boil-out of boiler:
在锅炉第一次使用之前，必须清除掉锅炉内部的有机污垢，如油膜、灰尘或其它杂质。本系列锅炉的煮炉
可采用氢氧化钠（NaOH）和磷酸三钠（Na3PO4.12H2O）等药品，其加药量各为（2-3 公斤/每吨锅水）配
制成 20%的均匀溶液加入锅内，操作时应注意防护。禁止将固体药品或高浓度药液直接加入锅筒内。煮炉
步骤如下：
Before the boiler is working for first time, clear the organic dirt in the boiler, such as oil film, dirt or other
impurity. Boil-out of this series of the boiler can apply sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium phosphate
(Na3PO4.12H2O) etc chemicals, its dosing is (2-3 kg/ton of boiler water) respectively, it is made up of 20% even
solution which is added into the boiler. Pay attention to protect during operation. Prohibit directly put the solid
medicine or high concentration liquid into the drum. Boil-out steps are shown as following:
3.1 关闭出水阀，将锅炉与整个热网隔开。
3.1 Close the water outlet valve, separate the boiler from the whole heat supply network.
3.2 通过加药接口将溶液注入锅炉，加药时，锅水应在低水位。
3.2 Solution is filled into the boiler through the hosing interface. The boiler water shall be at low water level
during dosing.
3.3 调节燃烧器，使燃烧处于低负荷燃烧区。由于煮炉效果好坏与燃烧持续时间成正比，因此，锅炉第一
次起动运行前的煮炉时间不得小于 48 小时。
3.3 Adjust the burner and make burning at the low load combustion area. Because boil-out effect is in proportion
to combustion duration, therefore boil-out time shall not be less than 48 hours before first starting operation of the
boiler.
3.4 煮炉期间，应定期从锅筒内取水样进行水质分析，当炉水碱性低于 45mol/L 时，应当补充加药。
3.4 Periodically take water sample from the boiler drum for water quality analysis during boil-out period. When
alkali of boiler water is lower than 45mol/L, supplement dosing.
3.5 煮炉完成后，锅炉应缓慢的冷却，拆除临时排水管，将干净的水从炉顶注入锅筒，从锅筒低部泄出，
重复两次后，打开顶部人孔门，用高压水冲洗整个锅筒内表面。此时，锅炉底部的排污阀仍处于打开状态。

3.5 After boil-out of the boiler is complete, the boiler shall cool down slowly, remove the temporary water
drainage pipe, clean water is filled into the boiler drum from top of the boiler and is drain out from the lower part
of the boiler drum. Open the manhole gate at top after it is repeated twice, use high pressure water to flush the
inner surface of the whole boiler drum. Now the sewage valve at bottom of the boiler is still at open status.
3.6 检查锅筒内壁，其内壁应无油污，擦去附着物后，金属表面无锈斑。
3.6 Inspect the inner wall of the boiler drum, its inner wall shall be free of oil dirt. After the adhesive material is
wiped away, surface of the metal shall be free of rust.
用新垫圈合上人孔、装上安全阀，使锅炉处于待运状态，重新确认锅炉运行参数并整定。
Use the new washer to close the manhole and install the safety valve, and make the boiler at status ready for
delivery, and confirm operation parameters of the boiler and set again.
3.7 煮炉时应严格控制用药量，以免损坏锅炉。
3.7 Strictly control dosing quantity so as to avoid damaging the boiler during boil-out of the boiler.
五、试运：
V. Trial run:
1．打开总电源开关，观察控制面板上各种指示是否正常。若有故障指示应及时去除。
1. Switch on the general power supply switch, observe whether various indication on the control panel is normal.
In case there is fault indication, please remove in time.
2．按下“启动”按钮，PLC 将进行自测。若检测一切正常，燃烧器自动运行，点火开始时 20-42 秒钟后进油
（气）阀自动打开，此时应点燃向炉膛内喷火。燃油锅炉若油管内有空气，应打开燃烧器上油泵的放气口
进行放气。如连续三次不能点火燃烧，应查明原因，排除故障再点火燃烧。点火燃烧后仔细观察排烟黑度
和声音，适当调节风门的位置，使刚好不冒黑烟。
2. Press down the “Start” button, the PLC will carry out self-inspection. In case all detection are normal, the
burner will operate automatically, the oil （air）inlet valve will automatically open within 20-42 seconds after

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ignition starts, open the relief point of the oil pump on the burner, and now it shall be ignited and sprays fire
towards the boiler furnace. In case there is air in the oil pipe of the fuel boiler, open the relief port of the oil pump
on the burner to relief air. If it isn’t ignited and burnt continuously for three times, please find out reason, ignite
and burn after fault is eliminated. After it is ignited and burnt, carefully observe blackness and sound of exhaust
gas, adjust position of the air valve suitably and make it just not emit black smoke.
3．待锅炉开始上压时，检查各接口是否有渗漏，如有渗漏应拧紧连接螺栓。同时检查电脑控制器的控制
程序是否正确。如蒸汽压力达到设定的上限值时是否停止燃烧；蒸汽温度达到设定的下限温度时是否自动
开始燃烧等等。
3. After the boiler starts pressurize, inspect whether there is leakage at every interface. In case there is leakage,
tighten the connection bolt. And inspect whether control program of the computer controller is correct at same
time. For example when steam pressure reaches the set upper limit value, is combustion stopped; when steam
temperature reaches the set lower limit temperature, does it burn automatically etc.
六、运行：
XI. Operation:
本锅炉的启动运行应遵照 JB/T10354-2002《工业锅炉运行规程》的有关规定进行。
Starting operation of the boiler shall carry out according to relevant regulations of JB/T10354-2002 Operation
procedure of industry boiler.
1．启动前的准备工作：
1. Preparation work before starting:
1.1 人员落实：根据工作岗位落实人员。
1.1 Person implementation: implement person according to working position.
1.2 巡视锅炉、辅机及各接点的外观情况。
1.2 Patrol inspect appearance conditions of the boiler, the auxiliary equipment and every contact.
1.3 电系统的检查：各电气连线是否正常，电机设备转动方向是否正确。
1.3 Inspection of electricity system: inspect whether every electric wiring is normal, inspect whether rotation
direction of the motor equipment is correct.
1.4 给水系统的检查：
1.4 Inspection of feeding water system:
1.4.1 给水系统是否有水，压力情况是否正常，供水是否正常。
1.4.1 Inspect whether there is water in the feeding water system, inspect whether pressure condition is normal and
inspect whether water supply is normal.
1.4.2 给水系统的阀门检查，进出水阀门需在开的位置；电动调节阀是否正常；再循环管及水泵再循环管
阀门的位置；给水压力表指示是否正常。
1.4.2 Inspection of the valve in the water feeding system, the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve shall be
placed at open positions; inspect whether the electric regulation valve is normal; inspect whether positions of the
recirculation pipe and the recirculation pipe valve of the water pipe are normal; inspect whether indication of the
feeding water pressure meter is normal.
1.4.3 给水泵点动试转，检查转动方向是否正确、有无异常现象。
1.4.3 Inching trial run of the feeding water pump, inspect whether rotation direction is correct and inspect whether
there is abnormal phenomenon.
1.5 燃烧系统检查：
1.5 Inspection of combustion system:
1.5.1 燃料系统压力情况是否正常，供应是否正常。
1.5.1 Inspect whether pressure condition of the fuel system is normal and inspect whether the supply is normal.
1.5.2 燃料系统阀门须在开的位置。
1.5.2 The valve of the fuel system must be placed at open position.
1.5.3 燃烧器送风机点动试转，检查转动方向是否正确、有无异常现象。
1.5.3 Inching trial run of the induced air fan of the burner, inspect whether rotation direction is correct and
whether there is abnormal phenomenon.
1.5.4 火焰检测装置是否干净、正常。
1.5.4 Inspect whether the flame detection device is clean and normal.

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1.6 锅炉安全附件的检查：
1.6 Inspection of the safety auxiliary equipment of the boiler:
1.6.1 各位置压力表指示是否符合要求，阀门需在开的位置。
1.6.1 Inspect whether indication of every position pressure meter is in accordance with requirement, the valve
must be placed at open position.
1.6.2 水位计显示面是否清洁，阀门应通畅灵活。汽水连通管路阀门应处于全开位置，疏水阀门应处于全关
位置。
1.6.2 Inspect whether the display surface of the water level meter is clean, the valve shall be smooth and flexible.
The valve in the steam and water connection pipeline shall be placed at wholly open position. The water drainage
valve shall be placed at wholly closed position.
1.6.3 安全阀、泄放阀有无异常，疏水管是否通畅。
1.6.3 Inspect whether the safety valve and the relief valve are free of abnormality, inspect whether the water
drainage pipe is smooth.
1.6.4 水位计、差压变送器显示是否正常。
1.6.4 Inspect whether displays of the water level meter and the differential transmitter are normal.
1.6.5 压力传感器、压力控制器接线是否正常。
1.6.5 Inspect whether wirings of the pressure sensor and the pressure controller are normal.
1.6.6 各温度点的温度计接线是否正常。
1.6.6 Inspect whether wiring of the thermometer at every temperature point is normal.
1.6.7 炉膛出口温度传感器接线是否正常，烟气通道是否畅通。
1.6.7 Inspect whether wiring of the outlet temperature sensor of the furnace is normal, inspect whether the flue gas
channel is smooth.
1.7 汽水管道检查：
1.7 Inspection of steam and water pipe:
1.7.1 各排污、疏水、紧急放水、加药管道阀门是否正常且在关的位置，管道是否通畅。
1.7.1 Inspect whether every sewage valve, the water drainage valve, the emergency water drainage valve and the
valve on the dosing pipe are normal and placed at close position, inspect whether the pipe is smooth.
1.7.2 放空管道是否通畅，阀门且在开的位置。
1.7.2 Inspect whether the vent pipe is smooth, and the valve is placed at open position.
1.7.3 主蒸汽阀门、蒸汽流量计是否正常。
1.7.3 Inspect whether the live steam valve and the steam flow meter are normal.
1.8 受热面的检查：炉膛、过热器、节能器、对流管束内是否有异物。
1.8 Inspection of the heating surface: inspect whether there is foreign object in the furnace, the super-heater, the
energy saver and the convection pipe bundle etc.
1.9 各检查门、防爆门是否关闭密封。
1.9 Inspect whether the inspection gate and the explosion proof gate are closed tightly.
1.10 其它检查事项：
1.10 Other inspection items:
现场照明设备应完好；消防设备应齐全并处于正常状态；工作场地和设备周围通道应清洁、畅通。
The lighting devices at site shall be perfect; the fire fighting device shall be complete and placed at normal status;
the channels around the working field and the equipment shall be clean and smooth.
1.11 检查记录：检查完毕后，应记录检查过程、问题处理过程及相关数据。
1.11 Inspect record: after inspection is complete, record inspection process, problem treatment process and the
relevant data.
2．点火、升压
2. Ignition and pressurize
2.1 一切检查就绪后才允许启动点火。冷态启动时应缓慢升燃烧负荷，随时关注锅炉的膨胀状况，避免升
温过快造成局部不均而产生应力，从而损坏锅炉。待锅炉上压到 0.1MPa 后，冲洗各仪表管路。关闭各排气
阀，逐渐打开过热蒸汽紧急排空门，使过热器得到充分冷却，确保过热器的安全。同时在炉膛出口过热器

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布置处设置了温度控制点，防止过热器超温损坏。
2.1 It is allowed to start ignition after all inspections are ready. Rise up combustion load slowly during cold
starting, pay attention to expansion status of the boiler at any time, avoid quick temperature rise which causes
local unevenness and stress, and then damage the boiler. After the boiler is pressurized to 0.1MPa, wash every
instrument pipeline. Close every gas exhaust valve, and gradually open the overheated steam emergency vent
valve, make the super-heater be cooled down sufficiently and ensure safety of the super-heater. The temperature
control point is arranged at the outlet super-heater of the boiler furnace, which protect the super-heater against
over temperature damage.
2.2 当锅炉汽压升至 0.2～0.25MPa 时，对锅炉进行一次排污。排污时锅炉的水位应在最高处。排污后要检
查排污阀是否关严。
2.2 When steam pressure of the boiler rise s up to 0.2~0.25MPa, carry out first sewage drainage of the boiler.
Water level shall be at highest position during sewage drainage. Inspect whether the sewage drainage valve is
closed tightly during sewage drainage.
2.3 当汽压升至 0.3MPa 时，要全面检查锅炉的受压部件及紧固件，如人孔、手孔和各个法兰的螺栓是否松
动，并进行一次热拧紧（不得使用加长套筒扳手）。
2.3 When steam pressure rises up to 0.3MPa, completely inspect the compressed component and the fastener of
the boiler, such as whether the bolts of the manhole, the hand hole and every flange are loose, and carry out one
thermal tightening (don’t use the lengthened sleeve spanner).
2.4 当汽压升至锅炉的工作压力时，按要求对安全阀进行调整。安全阀进行调整后，要进行一次动作试验。
2.4 When steam pressure rises up to working pressure of the boiler, adjust the safety valve according to
requirements. After the safety valve is adjusted, carry out an action test.
2.5 安全阀校验后，将整定压力，回座压力，提升高度等情况记录存档。
2.5 After the safety valve is calibrated, record the setting pressure, the returning seat pressure and the lifting
height etc conditions in the file.
3．供汽
3. Steam supply
3.1 当达到供汽压力时，应先减低负荷。
3.1 When steam supply pressure is reached, firstly reduce load.
3.2 开启主汽阀，注意要动作缓慢，并注意疏汽暖管，主汽阀开启后，应将阀轮回转一圈，以防热膨胀后
不能转动。
3.2 Open the live steam valve, pay attention to act slowly and pay attention to drain steam and warm up the pipe.
After the live steam valve is open, turn the valve wheel one round so as to prevent against not turning after
thermal expansion.
3.3 过热蒸汽温度的调节采用喷水减温的方式。根据所检测的过热蒸汽温度发展趋势，自动投入减温水，
经喷嘴喷入减温集箱。通过减温水调节阀门的调节，确保蒸汽温度在允许范围内。也可采用手动方式调节
减温水调节阀。
3.3 Adjustment of super-heated steam temperature applies water spray de-superheating way. According to
development trend of detected super-heated steam temperature, desuperheating water is automatically put into
operation, it is sprayed into the desuperheating header through the nozzle Ensure steam temperature within
allowable scope through adjustment of the desuperheating water regulation valve. The manual way is also applied
to adjust the desuperheating regulation valve.
4．正常运行的监测
4. Monitoring of normal operation:
4.1 锅炉的水位
4.1 Water level of boiler
WNS 系列锅炉对水位都设有自动报警装置，水位表的水位必须保持清晰可见，并每班冲洗一次，当水位
表的水位看不见时，一定要停炉查清原因。严禁盲目进水或放水。
The WNS series boiler is equipped with the automatic alarm device for water level. Water level of the water level
meter must keep clear and visible, it must be washed once every shift. When water level of the water level meter
can’t be seen, be sure to find out reason for shutdown of the boiler. Prohibit to feed water or drain water aimless.
每班要进行一次高低水位报警器的功能检测。手动进水至报警水位，观察报警器是否动作，然后消音复位，
接着进行手动排污（先开慢速排污阀，再开快速排污阀，关闭时顺序相反）至报警水位线，观察报警器
是否工作。试验完毕，应将所有开关置“自动”位置。
Every shift shall carry out function detection of the high and low water level alarm once. Feed water to the alarm

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water level by manual, observe whether the alarm acts, and then carry out noise reduction and reset, and then
carry out manual sewage drainage (firstly open the slow speed sewage drainage value, and then open the quick
sewage drainage valve, and sequence is adverse when it is closed) to the alarm water level line, observe whether
the alarm works. After test is complete, all switches must be placed at “Automatic” position.
4.2 锅炉水质的监测
4.2 Monitoring of water quality of boiler
锅炉水质的优劣将直接导致锅炉受热面的水垢结生程度，并最终影响锅炉的使用寿命和热效率，因此，
锅炉水质的监测是确保锅炉长期高效运行的重要环节之一，锅炉的水质按 GB/T1576-2008《工业锅炉水
质》标准中的有关规定要求。锅炉的水质应定期取样化验，根据水质化验结果确定锅炉的排污周期及排污
量。一般每班排污 1～2 次。排污应在低压下（一般在蒸汽压力为 0.2MPa 左右）进行。压力太高易出现危险，
太低效果不好。
Water quality of the boiler will directly cause scale forming degree on the heating surface of the boiler, and it
finally affects service life and heat efficiency of the boiler. Therefore monitoring of water quality of the boiler is
one of the important loop to ensure long term and high efficient operation of the boiler, water quality of the boiler
shall be in accordance with requirements of the relevant regulations in GB/T 1576-2008 Water quality of industry
boiler. Water quality of the boiler shall be periodically sampled and tested, sewage drainage period and sewage
drainage quantity of the boiler shall be determined according to testing result of water quality. Every shift shall
generally carry out sewage drainage 1~2 times. Sewage drainage shall be carried out at low pressure (steam
pressure is generally about 0.2MPa). If pressure is too high, it is easy to cause risk, effect isn’t good if pressure is
too low.
4.3 转动机械的监测：
4.3 Monitoring of rotation machinery:
对于给水泵、燃烧器电机等转动机械要经常注意监视。发现异常现象，应立即采取办法处理。必要时要停炉
检修，待正常后，方可恢复投运。
The feeding water pump and the burner motor etc rotation machineries shall be frequently monitored. If abnormal
phenomenon is found, immediately applies measures to treat. Shut down the boiler for inspection if necessary.
After it is normal, it will be resumed to put into operation.
4.4 燃料供给的监测
4.4 Monitoring of fuel supply
燃油（气）外部供给不正常时，应及时查明原因，必要时应停炉检查。待燃料供给正常后重新投运。
When external fuel (gas) supply is abnormal, find out reason in time. Shut down the boiler to inspect if necessary.
It will be put into operation again after fuel supply is normal.
5．正常运行时要求保持锅炉房的整洁，做好交接班工作。
5. Maintain boiler house neat during normal operation, and carry out hand-over work well.
5.1 锅炉房的清洁：
5.1 Cleanness of the boiler house:
5..1.1 锅炉房应保持清洁，且不得堆放其它杂物。
5.1.1 The boiler house shall be kept clean, and no other sundry is placed.
5.1.2 注意室内照明，司炉工应经常巡视锅炉周围，检查锅炉及附属部件是否正常。
5.1.2 Pay attention to indoor lighting, the boiler operator shall often patrol inspect the area around the boiler,
inspect whether the boiler and the auxiliary equipments are normal.
5.2 交接班：为了保证锅炉能安全经济运行，司炉工在交班时要切实做好以下工作。
5.2 Shifting: in order to ensure the boiler can operate safely and economically, the boiler operator shall do the
following works well during shifting.
5.2.1 接班的司炉工要在规定的时间到达锅炉房，做好接班的工作准备。
5.2.1 The boiler operator shall reach the boiler house at specified time when he carries out shifting, and make
working preparation for shifting well.
5.2.2 司炉工要认真负责，及时做好锅炉运行情况记录。
5.2.2 The boiler operator shall be careful and responsible, and make operation condition record of the boiler well.
6．停炉：
6. Shutdown of boiler
6.1 紧急停炉

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6.1 Emergency shutdown of boiler
锅炉在运行中遇到下列情况之一时，应采取紧急停炉。
In case of one of the following conditions occurs during operation of the boiler, emergency shutdown of the boiler
must be applied.
6.1.1 锅炉水位低于或高于运行所规定的水位极限。
6.1.1 When water level of the boiler is lower than or higher than water level limit specified for operation.
6.1.2 给水设备全部失效。
6.1.2 The feeding water equipment is completely failed.
6.1.3 水位表、压力表或安全阀失效。
6.1.3 The water level meter, the pressure meter or the safety valve are failed.
6.1.4 油路系统损坏，燃烧器损坏，前烟箱损坏或锅炉壳体被烧红等严重威胁锅炉安全运行的事故。
6.1.4 The oil circuit system is damaged, the burner is damaged, the front smoke box is damaged or the boiler shell
is burnt red etc, which seriously threatens safety operation of the boiler.
6.1.5 不断加大给水及采取其他措施，但水位仍继续下降。
6.1.5 Continuously increase feeding water and apply other measures, and water level continues drop down.
6.1.6 锅炉元件损坏，且危及运行人员安全。
6.1.6 The boiler element is damaged, which endangers safety of the operation person.
6.1.7 其它异常情况，危及锅炉安全运行。
6.1.7 Other abnormal conditions which endanger safe operation of the boiler.
紧急停炉应着重防止事故扩大，在情况十分紧急时，可把锅炉外的电闸拉开，切断总电源，打开全部供
汽阀门。
Pay attention to prevent accident enlargement during emergency shutdown of the boiler. When condition is very
urgent, open the switch out of the boiler, switch off the general power supply and open all steam supply valves.
6.2 自动停炉
6.2 Automatic shutdown of boiler
如果负荷很小时，即汽压高到设定压力值（不应超过锅炉额定工作压力），燃烧器即自动关闭。这时锅炉
还处于运行状态，当汽压低于设定压力值时，燃烧器仍会自动启动。
If load is very low, i.e., steam pressure is higher than setting pressure valve (not exceed rated working pressure of
the boiler), the burner will be automatically closed. Now the boiler is still at operation status. When steam
pressure is lower than setting pressure value, the burner will still start automatically.
如果由于事故停炉，如熄火，极低水位，第二超压等，燃烧器也会自动停车，之后燃烧器不会自动启动
须按程序复位键或启动按钮，才可重新启动。
If the boiler is shut down because of accident, such as flameout, extreme low water level, second over pressure
etc, the burner also shuts down automatically, and the burner will not start automatically, it can start again only
after the reset key or the starting button is pressed down according to program.
6.3 手动停炉
6.3 Manual shutdown of boiler
如果发现一些不能自动停炉的故障时，就要手动停炉。
In case some fault which can’t shut down the boiler automatically is found, carry out manual shutdown of the
boiler.
6.4 计划停炉。停炉后不可急剧放水，应冷却一段时间后或一边少量排污一边进水，来降低锅筒内的水温，
当锅水温度降至 70℃左右时，可将水放尽。
6.4 Scheduled shutdown of boiler. Don’t drain water sharply after the boiler is shut down, it shall be cooled down
for some time or carry out a few sewage drainage following water feeding, so as to reduce temperature of water in
the boiler drum. When temperature of boiler water is reduced to about 70℃, water shall be drained out.
七．停炉后的保养：
VII. Servicing after shutdown of boiler:
锅炉应有定期维护保养制度，本锅炉停炉保养采用干法保养或湿法保养均可。
The boiler shall have the periodic maintenance and servicing system. Boiler shutdown servicing of the boiler shall
apply the dry method serving or wet method serving.

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7.1 干法保养（适用于长期停炉）：首先在停炉保养前，应将锅水全部排空。其次，开启所有人孔、手孔，
清除水垢和污物后，用小火烘炉，使锅内的存水蒸发直至干燥。第三，将盛有干燥剂的无盖铁盒或其它容
器（沿锅筒长度可放置多个）放入锅筒内，将所有门、孔关闭严密，防止空气进入，一定要注意各门孔的
严密性，否则，会因泄漏而影响生干燥剂的吸潮效果，甚至达不到防腐的目的。干燥剂量一般采用无水氯
化钙或生石灰，用量按每立方米锅炉容水，加 1~2Kg 无水氯化钙或 2~3Kg 生石灰计，每隔 2 个月应打开
检查一次，发现干燥剂吸潮失效应立即更换。
7.1 Dry method servicing (suitable to long term shutdown of the boiler): firstly drain out boiler water completely
before shutdown and servicing of the boiler. Secondly, open all manholes and the hand holes after water scale and
dirt are cleared, use small fire to bake the boiler, and make accumulated water in the boiler evaporate until it is
dry. Thirdly, the iron box without the cover or other vessel (several vessels can be placed along length of the boiler
drum) which contains dry agent shall be placed in the boiler drum. All gates and holes are closed tightly so as to
prevent air entering into. Be sure to pay attention to tightness of every gate hole, otherwise damp absorption effect
of the drying agent will be affected because of leakage, and even anti-corrosion purpose can’t be reached. The
drying agent generally applies anhydrous calcium chloride or quick lime, consumption quantity shall contain
water as every cubic meter of the boiler, add 1~2Kg anhydrous calcium chloride or 2~3Kg quick lime, open and
inspect once every two months. Replace immediately after the drying agent is found failed.
若不用干燥剂，也可以采用充氮气保养，维持在一定的压力。
If the drying agent isn’t used, it can be served by filling nitrogen, and maintain at certain pressure.
7.2 湿法保养（适用于短期停炉）：停炉后首先将锅炉受热面的内外污垢、烟灰清理干净，堵截与外界相
连管路。其次将锅内灌满软化水，并在每吨水中加入 2kg 氢氧化钠或 5kg 磷酸三钠，或 10kg 磷酸钠，药品
应溶解成均匀溶液后灌入。当锅内灌满软水和药液后，应加热锅水至 104℃，以排除水中的气体。然后将
锅炉所有门孔关闭严密，且不得有任何渗漏现象。保养期间，锅炉必须保持充满状态，防止空气漏入。
7.2 Wet method servicing (applicable to short term shutdown of boiler): firstly clean internal and external dirt and
soot clearly on the heating surface of the boiler after the boiler is shut down, blank the pipeline which is connected
with external area. Secondly the boiler is full of softened water, and add 2kg caustic soda or 5kg sodium
phosphate or 10kg sodium phosphate tribasic into every ton of water, medicine is solved as the even solution and
poured into. After the boiler is full of softened water and medicine liquid, boiler water is heated up to 104℃ so as
to exhaust air in water. And then all gate holes of the boiler are closed tightly, and no any leakage phenomenon
exists. The boiler must maintain full status so as to prevent air leakage during servicing period.
八、维护保养
VIII. Maintenance and serving
锅炉主值应根据自身的实际情况定期对锅炉进行全面维护保养。
The main foreman shall periodically carry out complete maintenance and servicing of the boiler according to
actual conditions.
8.1 需定期清洗燃料管路系统，包括过滤装置的过滤网、油泵上的过滤网及油嘴等。
8.1 Periodically clean the fuel pipeline system, including the filter screen of the filter device, the filter screen and
the nozzle on the oil pump etc.
8.2 定期清洗烟气管路中的积灰、积碳，包括燃烧器点火棒、稳燃板、光敏管，炉膛、烟管等。
8.2 Periodically clean accumulated ash and accumulated carbon in the flue gas pipeline, including the ignition bar
of the burner, the stabilization combustion board, the phototransistor, the boiler furnace and the smoke tube etc.
8.3 水位检测电极及温度检测探头定期除垢，防止检测失灵。
8.3 The water level detection electrode and the temperature detection detector shall remove scale periodically, and
prevent failure of detection.
8.4 定期清除锅炉水垢。
8.4 Periodically clear water scale in the boiler.
8.5 对锅炉附件定期检查，防止失灵。
8.5 Carry out periodic inspection of attachment of the boiler, and protect against failure.
8.6 锅炉每运行一年需进行一次保养。
8.6 The boiler shall carry out servicing once when it runs every year.

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