Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
ON THE RECIPIENTS’
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
GENE P. ALIVIO
MARIANNE A. CUNAHAP
JANELA S. MADRIDANO
BONIFACIA C. MONATO II
CARMENA E. PAGOBO
May 2017
Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology
College of Teacher Education
Chapter 1
PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the relevant informations why the researchers attempt to
the problem, scope and limitation, significance of the study, definition of terms and
review of related literature is being discussed in this section. The researchers carefully
determine the significant ideas that may help to the process and the outcome of the
study.
Introduction
The 4Ps program is currently being implemented by the Department of Social
as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) that had started in 2008 inspired by
the successes of similar programs in Latin American countries such as Bolsa Familia
(Defensor, 2010).
In Mexico, the data for 2000 shows that children start to drop out when they
reach middle school (CWDA 2010). The rate goes lower as children get older. Hence,
the Oportunidades provides assistance from the 3rd grade in elementary up to senior
year. The assistance therefore covers 10 years of schooling at the maximum. Both
BolsaFamilia (Mourão and de Jesus 2012) and Familias en Acción target children
aged up to 17 for the education component of the program. In 2001, enrolment rate of
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Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology
College of Teacher Education
children aged 8-11 in Brazil was 97 percent while that of 15-year-olds was only 87
Santiago (2010) cited that initial study on the pilot areas of the program
showed promising results. In Esperanza and Sibagat, Agusan del Sur for example, of
the pilot areas of the 4Ps elementary school enrolment has increased by fifteen
to the general population of children in school. There has been a remarkable increase
in the use of health services by pregnant women and children compared to 2007 and
there has also been a significant increase in the vaccination rate as well as a decrease
attendance, attrition rate, and proper spending of allowances allocated to them. Hence,
as a result, recipients will be motivated to prioritize and pursue education for them to
CapitalTheory in which the former refers to skills that can contribute to individual
These theories are the bases of this study since it explainsthat a country would
be well off if there are more investments in children and long term physical capital
accumulation. Also given that conditional cash transfer program is a part of social
giving cash transfer can be seen as a form of social protection method in order to
alleviate poverty.
Figure 1 shown below is the schematic model that consists of the input,
process and output of the study. The inputs were the profile, total number of children
in the family, nutritional status, economic status and academic performance of the
respondents.
the academic performance of the respondents in terms of grades, attrition rate and
expenses on the fund allocated to the 4P’s recipients. Identify the range of 4p’s
respondents. The collected data and obtained information could evaluate and assess
performance.
Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology
College of Teacher Education 4
The output is the end results of the study that serves as a basis for a proposed
an intervention program that will help 4P’s beneficiaries manage well the fund
1. Identify the
profile of the
respondents.
2. Determine
the academic
performance of the
1. Profile of the respondents in
respondents in terms of grades,
terms of: attrition rate and
a. Sex class attendance
b. Age through survey and
c. Total Number checklist Proposed an
of children in questionnaire. Intervention
the family 3. Gather Program that will
d. Nutritional breakdown of help 4P’s
status expenses on the
e. Economic beneficiaries
fund allocated to
status manage well the
the 4P’s recipients.
2. Respondents 4. Identify the fund allocated to
Academic range of 4p’s them.
Performance in implementation as
terms of: perceived by the
a. Grades respondents.
b. Attrition Rate 5. Establish
c. Class the relationship
attendance between the extent
of program
implementation and
academic
performance of the
respondents.
1.1. Sex
1.2. Age
2.1 Grade
Hypothesis
Problems one, two, three and four are hypotheses-free while problem five is
hypothesizedas follows:
Community - The findings of this study may help the community address issues on
poverty reduction as well as come up with means to further assist those who are in
need.
Pupils– The findings of this study will encourage them to give more time to study and
realize the importance of the program granted by the governmentthus it will inspire
Parents– The result of this study will awarethem where the 4p’s money is really
necessary to be used for and how to manage well the fund allocations of the program.
Teacher– Teachers may translate the information derived from the results of this
of their classes. The results of this study are also hoped to provide information to the
different poverty alleviation programs the government has. Also, teachers may
integrate the results of this study in the methodology and strategy they apply
Other Researchers: Findings in this study may serve as a basis for further
The scope of this study is limited in terms of content, respondents and place.
Focus. The purpose of the study is to have an analysis on the implication of Pantawid
Respondents. The respondents of the study are the pupils who are 4P’s recipients in
Setting. This study will be conducted in the twelve barangays in the municipality of
San Jose.
Definition of Terms
To understand the concepts pointed out by the researchers in their study, the
extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals.
approach to the delivery of social services. They provide money to poor families
bringing them to health centers on a regular basis. Additionally, along with school
voucher programs and certain subsidized health insurance schemes, conditional cash
Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology 9
College of Teacher Education
transfer programs are part of a growing policy emphasis on the use of market-oriented
Department of Social Welfare and Development. This refers to the agency of the
government which takes the lead in implementing the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
DepEd,Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), and Land Bank of
the Philippines (LBP) which help ensure the availability of health and education
provides grants to extremely poor households to improve their health, nutrition and
education particularly of children aged 0-14. This anti-poverty program aims to:
reduce extreme hunger and poverty, achieve universal primary education, promote
gender equality and empowerment of women, reduce child mortality and improve
maternal health.
Recipient – a person who receives something, and as used in the study, children of
This part presents a review of related literature that gleaned books, magazines,
journals and websites. It also presents related studies that bear relevance to the present
studies.
Foreign Literature
Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology 10
College of Teacher Education
alleviation became the focus of many political and socioeconomic reforms that have
been undertaken in the quest to mitigate poverty. However, many of these reforms did
phenomenon where the linking of economic, social, political and demographic factors
In line with this, Latin American Countries took some measures to eliminate if
not to reduce poverty by introducing a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program like
Bolsa Familia of Brazil and Oportunidades of Mexico. The program aims to prevent
to help them develop the facilities for a better future. Investing in children’s
human capital and ensuring that they grow into educated and healthy adults, is
ultimately have more choices in life and are able to become productive
Local Literature
poverty remains rampant. The Government recognizes the need to address issues on
poverty reduction. Being a third world country, several means in order to keep at par
with the Millennium Development Goals were observed. One of the most popular
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Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology
College of Teacher Education
households to help improve their health, nutrition and education. The program
specifically targeted poor families with children aged 0-14. The two main objectives
of the program are social assistance and social development. The former aims to
alleviate the poor’s immediate needs, hence it can be termed as a short-term poverty
alleviation measure. The latter, however, aims to break the intergenerational poverty
cycle by investing in human capital. Meanwhile, the 4Ps helps in fulfilling the
eradicating extreme poverty and hunger; (2) achieving universal primary education;
(3) promoting gender equality; (4) reducing child mortality; and, (5) improving
Foreign Studies
grant of state subsidies to the poorest families in exchange for certain socially
desirable behaviours and outcomes: sending children to school and keeping them
there, paying regular visits to government health centers for prenatal care and to keep
childhood illness and malnutrition at bay, accessing birthing facilities during delivery,
and preparing adults and older children for employment (Barber, 2013).
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College of Teacher Education
On the other hand there was positive impact on school enrolment among
children in the younger cohort aged 9-12 as of 2011. These are the children who
received educational grants under the 4Ps program throughout the period. Overall, the
estimated program effect for the younger cohort ranges between 6 to 17 percent. 4Ps
beneficiary households are more likely to send their younger children to school
Hence, studies show that 4Ps programs have greater impact on older than
younger children. A study on the Colombian case shows that the 4Ps increased school
points. On the other hand, the program had lower effect on the enrolment rate of
enrolment of older children (i.e., those in Grades 5 to 8) than in younger children (i.e.,
Local Studies
addresses the structural inequities in society and promotes human capital development
of the poor, thus, breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty. The conditions
have their children undergo health checkups and ensure school attendance (Defensor,
2010).
Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology 13
College of Teacher Education
In addition, it was found out that the program led to an increase of 3 to 4.6
percentage points in the school participation rate of children aged 6-14. The results
showed that around 96.3 percent of children of 4Ps families attend school. For the
matched non-4Ps families, the rate ranges from 91.7 to 93.3 percent (Reyes and Mina,
2012).
Studies revealed that as of the first semester of this year, the program
reach 100% in its aim to cover five (5) provinces, nine (9) Congressional
Districts, six (6) cities, and sixty-seven (67) municipalities, in the region. She
added that 1,309 Barangays or 99.84% are covered by the program. The
majority of Pantawid Pamilya grantees in the region are female, they consist of
142,853 or 89.79% while only 16,240 or 10.20% are male (Brigole, 2014).
Synthesis of the Review. The reviewed literature and studies have a direct significant
with the present study as these showed the result on the implication of Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) on recipients health and education. They pointed
out that through the program many children were given a chance to have an