Transparent OLED Display

Transparent OLED Display
1. OBJECTIVE
A transparent display technology is an electronic display that allows the user to

see what is shown on the glass screen while still being able to see through it.
It is a technology that has been around for a decade or two, but only as of 2019
was it being incorporated by companies such as LG and taptl into consumer
products like handheld devices, televisions, and other technology as well as
building materials such as glass. Most companies use OLED technology, but not
all. LG, Prodisplay, and taptl, for example, use conventional LCD technology.
Samsung and Planar Systems previously made transparent OLED displays but
discontinued them in 2016. LG and Prodisplay are the only current manufacturers
of transparent displays. Prodisplay used both OLED and LCD technology, but no
longer makes transparent OLED displays.
These screens can be used for augmented reality, a way of enhancing your view
of the world with digital images overlaid onto real ones, and other applications
such as shopping displays and more sophisticated computer screens.
MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Researchers were working on

creating Transparent Displays inexpensively using nano-particles. As of 2019, the
MIT research was being commercialized by a startup company, Lux Labs, Inc.
An organic light emitting diode (OLED), also organic electro luminescent device
(OELD), is a light-emitting diode (LED) whose emissive electroluminescent
layer is composed of a film of organic compounds.
This layer of organic semiconductor material is formed between two electrodes,

where at least one of the electrodes is transparent.
2. INTRODUCTION
Rajagiri College of Management and Applied Sciences Page No 1

Fig 2.1: Transparent OLED Display
OLED Displays can be used in television screens, computer monitors, small,

portable system screens such as cell phones and PDAs, watches, advertising,
information and indication. OLEDs can also be used in light sources for general
space illumination, and large-area light-emitting elements. Due to the younger
stage of development, OLEDs typically emit less light per unit area than
inorganic solid-state based LEDs which are usually designed for use as point-
light sources.
In the context of displays, OLEDs have certain advantages over traditional liquid
crystal displays (LCDs). OLED displays do not require a backlight to function.
Thus, they can display deep black levels and can be thinner and lighter than LCD
panels. OLED displays also naturally achieve higher contrast ratios than either
LCD screens using cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) or the more recently
developed LED backlights in conditions of low ambient light such as dark rooms.
Transparent OLEDs have only transparent components (substrate, cathode and

anode) and, when turned off, are up to 85 percent as transparent as their substrate.

When a transparent OLED display is turned on, it allows light to pass in both
directions. A transparent OLED display can be either active- or passive-matrix.
This technology can be used for heads-up displays.
Transparent OLED is a breakthrough in transparent display technology it

provides videos, computer images, 4k videos all kinds of dynamic and interactive
information on a transparent surface glass. This revolutionary display allows
users to view what is shown on a glass video screen while still being able to see
through it. Designers can overlay text, digital images, and video content onto
physical objects or scenes that sit behind the glass.
Fig 2.2: Transparent OLED Samsung Display
Transparent OLED is a transparent display technology that displays information,

allowing users to view what is shown while being able to see through it.
Designers can overlay text, digital images and video content onto physical
objects or scenes that sit behind the glass. Transparent OLED displays are self-
emitting and utilize Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) technology to

eliminate the need for a backlight or enclosure, making it possible to create truly
see- through installations in a virtually frameless glass design. The following are
some of the features:
1. LED Pixels are Partially Clear
Each pixel in a transparent OLED is made up of 4 sub-pixels. Color is created by

the combination of the red, green and blue sub-pixels and the remaining area of
the pixel is clear. That clear section creates the transparency. This is why there is
a direct relationship between resolution and transparency. If the display contains
more active pixels that creates less space for the clear pixels, it results in a
display that is less see-through. This is why a Transparent OLED Display is Full
HD resolution today, as it optimizes transmission and resolution.
Fig 2.3: LED Pixels are Partially Clear
2. Black is Clear – White is Opaque
Unlike transparent LCD displays, black or dark content on the display is clear
and white or bright content is opaque. You can see this in the photos below. The
car image appears to be floating in space and through the black background you

can clearly see the books and pencils, physical objects set behind the display. The
full screen image of the boat appears in the foreground, but if you look closely at
the hull of the boat you will see some objects behind the display, made visible by
the dark area.
3. Ambient Light Affects Perceived Transparency
The more you light the items behind, the more transparent the screen. Just like
any glass surface, ambient light affects that appearance of transparency.
4. Content is King of Lifetime and Power
Content drives power and lifetime, Black pixels are at rest (low power, longer
life), Highest energy-use color is blue (and it ages faster than other primaries),
Lifetime is related to hours of use for each pixel.
Fig 2.4: Content drives power and lifetime
5. Readability Makes Exhibits Possible
Transparent OLED is quite clear, which makes reading fine details or text on
objects behind the display possible. This allows retail merchandisers or museum
exhibit designers to place transparent OLED displays in front of goods or
artifacts without obscuring the view. In addition, the display is optically clear enough

to make it possible to see a long distance past the display. A wall that is 12 feet past the
display will be clearly visible. A sign that is 10 meters away can be read. Another
electronic display placed behind the transparent glass will create a unique 3D
layered effect and is quite possible with this display technology.
Fig 2.5: Pencils and book titles are readable through display. Objects dozens of
feet or meters behind the display are viewable.
6. Display Has Nearly 360 Degree Viewing Angle
Text or content on front is reversed on the back, Backside is lower contrast and
brightness than front side, Objects or scenes behind the display are reflected, but
does not fully obscure images, as seen in this photograph, this opens up new
possibilities for two-way displays and applications like:
• Assisted retail
• Ticket counters
• Workspace dividers in corporate environments

Fig 2.6: Display can be viewed from both sides
7. Broad Color Gamut Reads as Brightness
OLED has long been recognized for its amazing color performance. While best-
in-class LCD displays achieve around 72% NTSC color space (a measure of the
number of colors that the display is capable of showing), OLED can achieve
greater than 100%. This means more vivid reds, more vibrant greens and eye-
popping blues. This color performance, together with the peak brightness
characteristics of the emissive display, creates a display that appears much
brighter than expected from reading specifications alone. Your eye translates
color as brightness and in a side-by- side comparison with a “brighter” display,
the transparent OLED display will be the most vivid.
3. HISTORY
OLED is a flat panel display technology which has been in development for
decades and shows incredible promise as a display technology. OLED (Organic
Light Emitting Diode) technology was first formulated at Eastman Kodak in the
early 1980s. The first commercial, limited production OLED displays were sold
in 1997. Since then these displays have found use in car stereos, MP3 players and
cameras, but by far the largest market for OLEDs to date has been smart phones
where under the radar over half a billion have been sold. In the past few years a

limited number of Full HD panels at 55” and larger have become available,
where the duty cycle is limited and the risk of burn-in from static content is
minimized, like for consumer television applications.
The term “organic” doesn’t imply these displays are pesticide free or made from
naturally-grown products; rather it refers to the fact the semiconducting materials
used to fabricate the light-emitting diodes are carbon-based.
OLED is a very promising technology. The benefits of the technology are wide
colour gamut, viewing angle, contrast ratio, power usage (with typical video
content), and thinness. As a core technology, OLEDs promise to be thinner than
LCDs, have faster refresh rates, and can be produced on flexible plastic
substrates for durability, weight, and clever mechanical designs. All of this
promise for the future keeps investment going into the core technology.
The downsides to OLED displays are generally cost, commercial availability and
lifetime. As a data point, the cost for a LED-backlit LCD TV is one-quarter (or
less) the price of an OLED version in the same diagonal. OLED displays are
prone to image retention and static content should be avoided. The overall
lifetime of the display is diminished as organic materials degrade.
In 1960, Martin Pope and some of his co-workers at New York University
developed ohmic dark-injecting electrode contacts to organic crystals. They
further described the necessary energetic requirements (work functions) for hole
and electron injecting electrode contacts. These contacts are the basis of charge
injection in all modern OLED devices. Pope's group also first observed direct
current (DC) electroluminescence under vacuum on a single pure crystal of
anthracene and on anthracene crystals doped with tetracene in 1963 using a small
area silver electrode at 400 volts. The proposed mechanism was field-accelerated
electron excitation of molecular fluorescence.
Pope's group reported in 1965 that in the absence of an external electric field, the
electroluminescence in anthracene crystals is caused by the recombination of a

thermalized electron and hole, and that the conducting level of anthracene is
higher in energy than the exciton energy level. Also, in 1965, W. Helfrich and W.
G. Schneider of the National Research Council in Canada produced double
injection recombination electroluminescence for the first time in an anthracene
single crystal using hole and electron injecting electrodes, the forerunner of
modern double-injection devices.
In the same year, Dow Chemical researchers patented a method of preparing

electroluminescent cells using high-voltage (500–1500 V) AC-driven (100–3000
Hz) electrically insulated one-millimetre thin layers of a melted phosphor
consisting of ground anthracene powder, tetracene, and graphite powder. Their
proposed mechanism involved electronic excitation at the contacts between the
graphite particles and the anthracene molecules.
Roger Partridge made the first observation of electroluminescence from polymer

films at the National Physical Laboratory in the United Kingdom. The device
consisted of a film of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) up to 2.2 micrometres thick located
between two charge injecting electrodes. The results of the project were patented
in 1975 and published in 1983.
4. WORKING
Traditional LCD displays are structured in such a way that the backlight (which
is always on) is shuttered by electrically-charged liquid crystal material to let the
light through or to block it. This combined with a colour filter creates the images
on the display. Most LCD displays are not transparent.
OLED is an emissive technology, which means that each pixel lights up

individually and no backlight is required. Pixels that are black are “off.” In a
transparent OLED display, those off pixels are seeing through to the point of the
transmissivity of the display.

This is illustrated well in the image below. When you put a standard gradient test
pattern (from white on the left-hand side to black on the right-hand side) on a
transparent display, the left side is opaque and the right side is seeing through.
When you put that same image on a stand backlit LCD (whether the backlight is
LED or CCFL) the result is a picture where the white and dark section are
equally opaque.
Figure 4.1: Comparison between a transparent OLED and a traditional LCD

display.
If you are familiar with the transparent LCD product, then you know that it
works the opposite of OLED. On a transparent LCD, white is clear and black or
dark is opaque.
Similar to how an overhead transparency or slides work. This means that on a

transparent LCD display you cannot achieve floating white text on a clear
background (without the use of other enabling technologies). Similarly, on a
transparent OLED you cannot have floating black text on a transparent
background.
Seeing White

With the Transparent OLED you can achieve floating white text or imagery. As
illustrated in the photo below.
Figure 4.2 - White text appears to float in the middle of a clear screen. To the
right the image as it appears in Photoshop with an opaque black background.
Note: there is a small light strip behind this display that was put there to light the
floral arrangements behind the screen. That is not part of the product itself.
Seeing Black
Black pixels on a transparent OLED display are clear. In the image below, you
can see this effect clearly. The background image of this content is entirely black.
The effect with the face of this cat is very compelling as the fur of the face blends
into the background smoothly. Beside it is a picture of what the image looks like
in Photoshop.

Figure 4.3 - The same image on the transparent display on the left and the image
to the right is the picture as it appears in Adobe® Photoshop® or a photo editing
program. This mostly black image as shown on an OLED transparent display.
Note: there is a small light strip behind this display that was put there to light the
floral arrangements behind the screen. That is not part of the product itself. On a
transparent OLED display you cannot depict black text on a transparent
background because black is transparent.
Dark grey or charcoal is distinguishable from black, as you can see in the image
above. Full screen imagery and video brings the eye forward and can be stunning.
You will notice in these examples, however, that the dark or black portions of the
image will be transparent.
In the image below, of the vibrant night sky reflected on a lake, that the dark lake
waters and tree outlines are transparent and make the physical objects behind the
display visible.
Figure 4.4 - Full screen image on an OLED transparent display. To the right is the
image as it appears in Photoshop (note the black is opaque in the image). Note:
there is a light strip in this image that is not part of the product.

Seeing Highly Saturated Colours
The outstanding colour performance of Transparent OLED is demonstrated when

you display highly saturated colours.
Figure 4.5 - Rich colours like blue and yellow appear to jump off the screen. To
the right is the image as it appears in Photoshop.
Figure 4.6 - Colours like highly-saturated red is stunning on the display and
because of the wide viewing angle, eye-catching from afar. The image to the right
shows the picture as it appears in Photoshop.

The organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a p-n diode, in which charge-carriers
(e-h pairs) recombine to emit photons in an organic layer. The thickness of this
layer is approximately 100 nm (experiments have shown that 70 nm is an optimal
thickness).
When an electron and a hole recombine, an excited state called an exciton is

formed. Depending on the spin of the e-h pair, the exciton is either a singlet or a
triplet. An electron can have two different spins, spin up and spin down.
When the spin of two particles is the same, they are said to be in a spin-paired, or
a triplet state, and when the spin is opposite, they are in a spin-paired singlet
state.
Fig 4.7: Organic Light Emitting Diode

On the average, one singlet and three triplets are formed for every four electron-
hole pairs, and this is a big inefficiency in the operation of the diodes. A singlet
state decays very quickly, within a few nanoseconds, and thereby emits a photon
in a process called fluorescence.
A triplet state, however, is much more long-lived (1 ms - 1 s), and generally just
produce heat. One method of improving the performance is to add a
phosphorescent material to one of the layers in the OLED. This is done by adding
a heavy metal such as iridium or platinum.
The exciton can then transfer its energy to a phosphorescent molecule which in
turn emits a photon. It is however a problem that few phosphorescent materials
are efficient emitters at room temperature.
Fig 4.8: Organic Light Emitting Diode Working

There have been devices manufactured which transforms both singlet and triplet
states in a host to a singlet state in the fluorescent dye.
This is done by using a phosphorescent compound which both the singlets and
triplets transfer their energy to, after which the compound transfers its energy to a
fluorescent material which then emits light.
Using one organic layer has some problems associated with it. The electrodes
energy levels have to be matched very closely, otherwise the electron and hole
currents will not be properly balanced.
This leads to a waste in energy since charges can then pass the entire structure
without recombining, and this lowers the efficiency of the device. With two
organic layers, the situation improves dramatically.
Now the different layers can be optimized for the electrons and holes
respectively. The charges are blocked at the interface of the materials, and
“waits” there for a “partner”.
Considerably better balance can be achieved by using two organic layers one of
which is matched to the anode and transports holes with the other optimized for
electron injection and transport.
Each sign of charge is blocked at the interface between the two organic layers
and tend to "wait" there until a partner is found. Recombination therefore occurs
with the exciton forming in the organic material with the lower energy gap.
The fact that it forms near the interface is also beneficial in preventing quenching
of the luminescence that can occur when the exciton is near one of the electrodes.
Another improvement is to introduce a third material specifically chosen for its

luminescent efficiency. Now the three organic materials can be separately
optimized for electron transport, for hole transport and for luminescence.

5. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Like an LED, an OLED is a solid-state semiconductor device that is 100 to 500

nanometres thick or about 200 times smaller than a human hair. OLEDs can have
either two layers or three layers of organic material; in the latter design, the third
layer helps transport electrons from the cathode to the emissive layer. In this
article, we'll be focusing on the two-layer design.
An OLED consists of the following parts:

Figure 5.1: OLED Structure
1. Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.
2. Anode (transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds electron "holes")

when a current flow through the device.
3. Organic layers - These layers are made of organic molecules or polymers.
4. Conducting layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that

transport "holes" from the anode. One conducting polymer used in OLEDs is
polyaniline.

5. Emissive layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules (different

ones from the conducting layer) that transport electrons from the cathode; this is
where light is made. One polymer used in the emissive layer is polyfluorene.
6. Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) -

The cathode injects electrons when a current flow through the device.
OLEDs emit light in a similar manner to LEDs, through a process called electro
phosphorescence.
The process is as follows:
The battery or power supply of the device containing the OLED applies a voltage
across the OLED.
An electrical current flow from the cathode to the anode through the organic
layers (an electrical current is a flow of electrons). The cathode gives electrons to
the emissive layer of organic molecules. The anode removes electrons from the
conductive layer of organic molecules. (This is the equivalent to giving electron
holes to the conductive layer.)
At the boundary between the emissive and the conductive layers, electrons find
electron holes. When an electron finds an electron hole, the electron fills the hole
(it falls into an energy level of the atom that's missing an electron). When this
happens, the electron gives up energy in the form of a photon of light.
The OLED emits light.
The colour of the light depends on the type of organic molecule in the emissive
layer. Manufacturers place several types of organic films on the same OLED to
make colour displays. The intensity or brightness of the light depends on the
amount of electrical current applied: the more current, the brighter the light.

Figure 5.2: Creation of light using OLED
6. ADVANTAGES
The LCD is currently the display of choice in small devices and is also popular in
large-screen TVs. Regular LEDs often form the digits on digital clocks and other
electronic devices. OLEDs offer many advantages over both LCDs and LEDs:
 The plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner, lighter and more
flexible than the crystalline layers in an LED or LCD.

 Because the light-emitting layers of an OLED are lighter, the substrate of an

OLED can be flexible instead of rigid. OLED substrates can be plastic rather
than the glass used for LEDs and LCDs.
 OLEDs are brighter than LEDs. Because the organic layers of an OLED are
much thinner than the corresponding inorganic crystal layers of an LED, the
conductive and emissive layers of an OLED can be multi-layered. Also, LEDs
and LCDs require glass for support, and glass absorbs some light. OLEDs do not
require glass.
 OLEDs do not require backlighting like LCDs (see How LCDs Work). LCDs
work by selectively blocking areas of the backlight to make the images that you
see, while OLEDs generate light themselves. Because OLEDs do not require
backlighting, they consume much less power than LCDs (most of the LCD
power goes to the backlighting). This is especially important for battery-operated
devices such as cell phones.
 OLEDs are easier to produce and can be made to larger sizes. Because
OLEDs are essentially plastics, they can be made into large, thin sheets. It is
much more difficult to grow and lay down so many liquid crystals.
 OLEDs have large fields of view, about 170 degrees. Because LCDs work by
blocking light, they have an inherent viewing obstacle from certain angles.
OLEDs produce their own light, so they have a much wider viewing range.
 The different manufacturing process of OLEDs lends itself to several

advantages over flat-panel displays made with LCD technology. Although the
method is not currently commercially viable for mass production, OLEDs can be
printed onto any suitable substrate using an inkjet printer or even screen-printing
technologies, they could theoretically have a lower cost than LCDs or plasma
displays.
 However, it is the fabrication of the substrate that is the most complex and
expensive process in the production of a TFT LCD, so any savings offered by

printing the pixels is easily cancelled out by OLED’s requirement to use a more
costly P-Si (or LTPS) substrate – a fact that is born out by the significantly higher
initial price of AMOLED displays than their TFT LCD competitors.
 A mitigating factor to this price differential going into the future is the cost of
retooling existing lines to produce AMOLED displays over LCDs to take
advantage of the economies of scale afforded by mass production.
 Use of flexible substrates could open the door to new applications such as
roll-up displays and displays embedded in fabrics or clothing.
 OLEDs can enable a greater artificial contrast ratio (both dynamic range and
static, measured in purely dark conditions) and viewing angle compared to LCDs
because OLED pixels directly emit light.
 OLED pixel colors appear correct and unshifted, even as the viewing angle
approaches 90 degrees from normal. LCDs filter the light emitted from a
backlight, allowing a small fraction of light through so they cannot show true
black, while an inactive OLED element produces no light and consumes no
power.
 OLEDs can also have a faster response time than standard LCD screens.
Whereas LCD displays are capable of a 1ms response time or less offering a
frame rate of 1,000 Hz or higher, an OLED can theoretically have less than 0.01
ms response time enabling 100,000 Hz refresh rates.
7. DISADVANTAGES
Lifespan
The biggest technical problem for OLEDs is the limited lifetime of the organic
materials. In particular, blue OLEDs historically have had a lifetime of around
14,000 hours to half original brightness (five years at 8 hours a day) when used
for flat-panel displays, which is lower than the typical lifetime of LCD, LED or
PDP technology-each currently rated for about 60,000 hours to half brightness,
depending on manufacturer and model.

However, some manufacturers display aim to increase the lifespan of OLED

displays, pushing their expected life past that of LCD displays by improving light
outcoupling, thus achieving the same brightness at a lower drive current.
In 2007, experimental OLEDs were created which can sustain 400 cd/m2 of
luminance for over 198,000 hours for green OLEDs and 62,000 hours for blue
OLEDs.
Color balance issues
Additionally, as the OLED material used to produce blue light degrades

significantly more rapidly than the materials that produce other colors, blue light
output will decrease relative to the other colors of light.
This differential color output change will change the color balance of the display
and is much more noticeable than a decrease in overall luminance.
This can be partially avoided by adjusting color balance but this may require
advanced control circuits and interaction with the user, which is unacceptable for
some uses.
In order to delay the problem, manufacturers bias the color balance towards blue
so that the display initially has an artificially blue tint, leading to complaints of
artificial-looking, over-saturated colors.
Water damage
Water can damage the organic materials of the displays. Therefore, improved
sealing processes are important for practical manufacturing. Water damage may
especially limit the longevity of more flexible displays.
Outdoor performance
As an emissive display technology, OLEDs are 100% reliant converting

electricity to light whereas most LCD displays contain at least some portion of
reflective technology and e-ink leads the way in efficiency with ~33% reflectivity
of sunlight, enabling the display to be used without any artificial light source.

OLEDs typically produce only around 200 nits of light leading to poor
readability in bright ambient light, such as outdoors, whereas displays that use
reflective light are able to increase their brightness in the presence of ambient
light to help overcome unwanted surface reflections without using any additional
power.
Power consumption
While an OLED will consume around 40% of the power of an LCD displaying an
image which is primarily black, for the majority of images, it will consume 60-
80% of the power of an LCD – however it can use over three times as much
power to display an image with a white background such as a document or
website. This can lead to disappointing real-world battery life in mobile devices.
Screen burn-in
Unlike displays with a common light source, the brightness of each OLED pixel
fades depending on the content displayed. Combined with the short lifetime the
organic dyes, this leads to screen burn-in, worse than was common in the days of
CRT-based displays
8. APPLICATIONS
A transparent display is an electronically advanced display that allows the user to

watch the content on the glass screen while still being able to see through it. The
transparent display screen is an amalgamation of touchscreen TV/computer and
window.
This advanced display can perform many functions familiar to tablet users, and
offers various advantages. The transparent display screens come with ultra-thin
design, which is lighter and more flexible than standard screens.
With extraordinary design and performance, transparent displays, including

augmented transparent displays, organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), are
rapidly pushing conventional flat panel displays out of consumer’s favour. The

technology has gained considerable momentum in the past few years.
Furthermore, as transparent display screens consume lesser power, they are

witnessing growing adoption on account of growing preference for energy-
efficiency materials. These factors pushed the global transparent display market
over US$ 410 Mn in 2018.
Transparent Display Market – Notable Developments
Samsung Electronics, a South Korean multinational conglomerate, is planning to

introduce a TV with a transparent display panel. This upcoming TV is gaining
significant traction as a novel innovation that will follow Samsung Electronics’
‘The Frame TV’ and ‘The Wall’ LED.
Tianma Micro-electronics Co. has showcased new display technologies at

Embedded World in Germany. Tianma Micro-electronics Co. demonstrated a
novel OLED prototype, which is a 10.3″ 91 PPI transparent AMOLED panel
featuring up to 50% transparency and high brightness.
Sony Corporation, a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation, has filed a

patent that showcases a smartphone with two displays. The smartphone has the
ability to set the display to translucent, opaque, transparent, and translucent.
LG Electronics, a South Korean multinational electronics company, has launched

a highly flexible new Transparent Colour LED film display, which can be fixed
on nearly any surface or place, such as glass and windows, while turning them
into an interesting digital display.
Some of the most prominent competitors operating in the competitive landscape

of global transparent display market include –
1. Panasonic
2. Samsung Display

3. Universal Display Corporation
4. Planar Systems
5. Shenzhen NEXNOVO Technology co., Ltd.
6. Pilot Screentime GmbH
7. LG Electronics
8. Kent Optronics, Inc.
9. Pro Display
10. Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
11. Evoluce GmbH
12. Shenzhen AuroLED Technology Co., Ltd.
13. Shenzhen HOXLED Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd.
14. Crystal Display System
Transparent Display Market Dynamics
OLED Display Technology Bringing Significant Traction to Transparent Display

Market
The adoption of OLED display technology is growing at a fast pace owing to its
manifold advantages over LCD display technology. Manufacturers of hand-held
devices, including mobile phones, digital cameras, and camcorders are equipping
their products with OLED displays on account of evolving consumer preference.
The rich-features of OLED display, such as a simple-cum-elegant structure,

flexible form factors, colour depth, and high contrast ratio have accelerated the
demand for OLED display technology in recent years.
OLED transparent displays are penetrating the display ecosystem at a high rate
due to the growing traction for these transparent displays from head-mounted

display (HMD) vendors.
Transparent Display Opens Window of Opportunity for Video Marketing
The world is predominately driven by marketing, and the novel transparent

display technology has the potential to pave way for experiential marketing that
retailers seek.
The see-through display technology can enable innovative video marketing that
brands can incorporate in their communications strategy.
The adoption of transparent displays is also likely to gain traction in the retail
sector. Transparent display or wavelength-selective scattering film can be used
for advertisement on store fronts, transport, and buildings.
Although currently the technology is at a nascent stage, opportunities abound for

transparent display manufacturing companies.
Adoption of Transparent Display Technology in Automobile Sector on the Rise
Visual enhancement systems can facilitate a seamless driving experience during

night or unfavourable conditions, such as reduced visibility.
The growing adoption of HMDs and HUDs (Head-Up Display) systems is

necessitating the adoption of quality display systems. Transparent displays, with
their low energy consumption and advanced features, are a feasible option for
HMD and HUD manufacturers.
Additionally, growing demand for AR HMDs in various industrial applications

for training, inspection, maintenance, and others is another leading growth
propeller for transparent display market.
Transparent Display Market Segmentation
Based on technology, the transparent display market is segmented into,

1. LED
2. LCD
Based on its application, the transparent display market is segmented into,
1. Retail
2. Consumer Electronics
3. Automobile
4. Aerospace
5. Defence
9. CONCLUSION
A Transparent OLED Display can create stunning and impactful installations

never seen outside of science fiction movies.
With thoughtful design and creative content, the display can revolutionize and
modernize interiors with impactful colour, relevant graphics and text, and a wow-
effect that will draw customers to engage.
From museum exhibits to brand retailing, from corporate briefing centres to the
restaurant bar, designers and visionaries now have a new material to design with.
Activated glass has been a dream for decades and is now a reality!
Advancements in the field of OLEDs are rapidly leading to new applications in

heads-up displays, automotive dashboards, billboard type displays, home and
office lighting, flexible displays, and yes, even a newspaper11.
Since the OLEDs can refresh almost 1000 times faster than LCDs, a device with

an OLED display can provide text, graphics and images with much better
contrast and color reproduction so the term “high definition” may take on a
whole new meaning.
Stay tuned as new applications of this fascinating technology continue to be

discovered and introduced.
10. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
Static and Moving Video Images
Customers can directly affect the lifetime and image performance of their
displays by their content selections. Content drives both power usage and life-
time. The more pixels are at rest (read: black content) the less power is
consumed, the longer those pixels will last and the more transparent the display.
Lifetime is related to ours of life for each pixel, so we encourage customers and
their agencies and content developers to keep the content mostly black and keep
it active. We HIGHLY advise against static content (ie, text, maps, static logos,
station identification, score boards, desktop menus, etc). Even error messages,
operating system update alerts should be disabled to avoid inadvertent burn-in.
The time to burn-in depends on the brightness of the static image or repeated
video pattern. The worst or fastest burn-in will be with white or blue against a
black background. The appearance of burn-in is most pronounced in those high-
contrast environments where high energy colors are put in a low energy field of
black. In this worst-case scenario, you might expect the image to burn-in in

approximately 300 hours. For instance, a video clip with an average luminance of
150 nits might burn-in after 1,000 hours. In a clip with an average luminance of
70 nits (where most of the screen is black, most of the time), you might see burn-
in after 2,200 hours. The product is not warranted against user-caused damage of
this type.
Accumulated Stress
The lifetime of the display is the accumulation of the lifetime of each pixel. This
means that even if the bright or light areas of the content are moving around, if
they always are in one corner of the screen, this can clock up hours on those
pixels and contribute over time to permanent image retention or burn- in. If the
display is operated at elevated temperatures, that will affect lifetime.
Furthermore, the panel is more subject to burn-in over time, due to the aging of
the materials.
11. REFERENCES
https://www.oled-info.com/transparent-oleds
https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled4.htm
https://www.lg.com/global/business/information-display/oled-signage/lg-
55EW5F-A
https://prodisplay.com/products/transparent-oled-screen/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/See-through_display
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/engineering/advantages-and-
disadvantages-of-organic-light-emitting-diodes-engineering-essay.php
https://www.ijert.org/research/a-review-paper-on-an-overview-of-organic-
light-emitting-diode-IJERTCONV5IS23005.pdf
https://www.seminarsonly.com/electronics/organic%20light%20emitting

%20diode.php
https://cuvillier.de/uploads/preview/public_file/2332/9783867279772.pdf
https://www.transparent-oled.de/download/GhosT-
OLED_preliminary_Specs.pdf
https://amarketreporter.com/global-transparent-oled-displays-market-2019-
neoview-kolon-lg-samsung-planar-boe/
https://communalnews.com/2019/11/28/led-and-oled-display-market-
expected-to-show-significant-growth/
http://www.123seminarsonly.com/Seminar-Reports/026/50265798-Seminar-
Report-On-OLED.pdf
12. List of Figures
Fig 2.1: Transparent OLED Display
Fig 2.2: Transparent OLED Samsung Display
Fig 2.3: LED Pixels are Partially Clear
Fig 2.4: Content drives power and lifetime
Fig 2.5: Pencils and book titles are readable through display. Objects dozens of
feet or meters behind the display are viewable.
Fig 2.6: Display can be viewed from both sides
Fig 4.1: Comparison between a transparent OLED and a traditional LCD

display.
Fig 4.2: White text appears to float in the middle of a clear screen. To the right
the image as it appears in Photoshop with an opaque black background.
Fig 4.3: The same image on the transparent display on the left and the image to

the right is the picture as it appears in Adobe® Photoshop® or a photo editing

program. This mostly black image as shown on an OLED transparent display.
Fig 4.4: - Full screen image on an OLED transparent display. To the right is the
image as it appears in Photoshop (note the black is opaque in the image).
Fig 4.5: Rich colours like blue and yellow appear to jump off the screen. To the
right is the image as it appears in Photoshop.
Fig 4.6: Colours like highly-saturated red is stunning on the display and because
of the wide viewing angle, eye-catching from afar. The image to the right shows
the picture as it appears in Photoshop.
Fig 4.7: Organic Light Emitting Diode
Fig 4.8: Organic Light Emitting Diode Working
Fig 5.1: OLED Structure
Fig 5.2: Creation of light using OLED

Transparent OLED Display

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Transparent OLED Display

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Transparent OLED Display

A transparent display technology is an electronic display that allows the user to

MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Researchers were working on

This layer of organic semiconductor material is formed between two electrodes,

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Fig 2.1: Transparent OLED Display

OLED Displays can be used in television screens, computer monitors, small,

Transparent OLEDs have only transparent components (substrate, cathode and

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Transparent OLED is a breakthrough in transparent display technology it

Fig 2.2: Transparent OLED Samsung Display

Transparent OLED is a transparent display technology that displays information,

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1. LED Pixels are Partially Clear

Each pixel in a transparent OLED is made up of 4 sub-pixels. Color is created by

Fig 2.3: LED Pixels are Partially Clear

2. Black is Clear – White is Opaque

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3. Ambient Light Affects Perceived Transparency

4. Content is King of Lifetime and Power

Fig 2.4: Content drives power and lifetime

5. Readability Makes Exhibits Possible

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6. Display Has Nearly 360 Degree Viewing Angle

possibilities for two-way displays and applications like:

• Workspace dividers in corporate environments

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Fig 2.6: Display can be viewed from both sides

7. Broad Color Gamut Reads as Brightness

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In the same year, Dow Chemical researchers patented a method of preparing

Roger Partridge made the first observation of electroluminescence from polymer

OLED is an emissive technology, which means that each pixel lights up

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Figure 4.1: Comparison between a transparent OLED and a traditional LCD

Similar to how an overhead transparency or slides work. This means that on a

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Seeing Highly Saturated Colours

The outstanding colour performance of Transparent OLED is demonstrated when

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When an electron and a hole recombine, an excited state called an exciton is

Fig 4.7: Organic Light Emitting Diode

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Fig 4.8: Organic Light Emitting Diode Working

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Another improvement is to introduce a third material specifically chosen for its

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Like an LED, an OLED is a solid-state semiconductor device that is 100 to 500

An OLED consists of the following parts:

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Figure 5.1: OLED Structure

2. Anode (transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds electron "holes")

3. Organic layers - These layers are made of organic molecules or polymers.

4. Conducting layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that

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5. Emissive layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules (different

6. Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) -

The process is as follows:

The OLED emits light.

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Figure 5.2: Creation of light using OLED