A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN BIOLOGY

I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of 60 minute lesson in Biology, the student should be able to:

a. Identify the function and organ that make up of Digestive System.

b. Show concern on how to take care their different parts of their body.

c. Describe the function of each organ

II. Learning Content:

Topic: The Human Digestive System

References: Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology

Sixth Edition pp. 412-451

: Science Learners Module 8 pp. 291- 297

Materials: Picture, OHP, Video Clips, Illustration and Chalk

Value Focus: Student realized the importance of Digestive System to achieve optimal health.

III. Learning Experience

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preparation
Please stand and let us Pray first One student will lead the prayer
Good morning class! Good morning too Sir!

B. Presentation
a. Motivation

Class what will happen if you do not eat food? Student’s answer may vary

Very good! So in order for us to energize we

need to eat foods.

But have you ever wondered how this foods

turned into energy? Let’s find out as we begin our
lesson this morning.

b. Discussion

Before we proceed. I want to know what the

prior knowledge you have regarding digestive
system are.

I have here on the board a picture of the

Digestive System. Below the picture is a box
which contains a word that is related to our topic.
As I call you, come in front and pick one and label
it on the picture.

Did you understand? Yes we did!!

( The teacher call a name of student’s)

Now, let’s check if your answer are correct

(The teacher check the answer of the student’s)

Did you enjoy the activity? Yes we do!!

Do you want more? Yes!!!

I will give you another exciting activity after we

discuss all the topic so be attentive because the
answer to the activity later on might come
directly to what will I discuss`

Before we discuss the parts of digestive

system, let us first discuss the function of the
digestive system.

Who can read the first function of digestive

system?

Yes! The first function of digestive system is

ingestion

Thank you. Ingestion is the process of taking in

of foods and water into the body through the
mouth.

The next function is Digestion. When we say Digestion

digestion it is the process of breaking down of
food into smaller molecules to be absorbed by
the body.

The third function is Absorption

Absorption is the process of absorbing tiny

molecules that result from digestion through the
wall of the intestine.

And the last function is Elimination

 Undigested materials such as fiber from foods,
waste product excreted into the digestive tract
are eliminated in the feces

Now class, let’s proceed to the different organ

of the digestive system.

The first organ is the mouth (The teacher refer

to the picture of digestive system on the board.)
Can you read the definition?
Intake of food begin in the mouth which will
lead to the mouth cavity
Thank you very much. The mouth cavity
compose of Jaws, Teeth, Tongue, and Salivary
glands.

Jaws consist of two parts, the upper jaw which

is fixed and the lower jaw which is movable.

Next is the Teeth, your teeth mechanically

breakdown food into small pieces.

Next is the Tongue. What do you know about

the tongue? It is used to taste foods.

Yah. That’s right! Very good

The tongue has special cell which we call taste

buds which help you to select suitable foods.

And the Salivary Glands is responsible in

producing what kind of fluid class? Saliva

Excellent! Saliva helps the food moist.

Pharynx is the passage way of both food and

air. In the pharynx there is specialized muscle
called EPIGLOTTIS which is responsible for
preventing the food to enter the airway.

Below the pharynx is the Esophagus. It is a

longitudinal and circular muscle which transport
food from pharynx to the stomach. It also causes
a rhythmic wavelike contractions. We call this
movement as? Peristaltic movement!

That’s right! Peris means “round” and Stalsis

means “contractions”
 The partially digested foods now enter into a J
shaped organ called Stomach. Its primary
function is to store foods.

Mixes food with digestive juices contain

enzyme to break down proteins and lipids. Acid
(HCL) in the stomach kill bacteria`

And what happen when the gastric juice mix It becomes a semi- fluid mixture called CHYME
with the food class?

Very Good!

After several hours in the stomach, the foods

enter to the small intestine.

Small Intestine are roughly 7 meters long. It’s

divided into three parts. Duodenum, Jejunum and ileum

Absorption mostly occurs at duodenum and

jejunum. Nutrients from the food pass into blood
stream through the small intestine wall.

Absorb 80% of ingested water, nutrients,

minerals, carbohydrate, protein and lipids

After absorption into the small intestine. The

food go to the Large Intestine where excess
water is absorb.1.5 meters long.

In the colon the chyme is converted into feces

and the feces is now eliminated through the
anus.

To further understand our topic I will play a (Teacher will play the video clips)
video clips that is related to our lesson.

Any question regarding the discussion about

the organ and function of the human digestive None Sir!
system?

C. Application

Now, if you really understand the lesson we

will be having a group activity. I will group you
into 4 groups, count from 1, 2, 3, and 4. All one 1
will stay at my right side. All 2 will stay at my left
side. Group 3 will stay at the back of group 1 and
group 4 will stay at the back of group 2.

In front are pieces picture of our human

digestive system. I will flash a question and
answer it as quick as possible using your
illustration. The first group who will get the right
answer will go in front and look for that part and
place it on the board`
The first group who will first complete the
picture will get a reward.

Class it is clear? Yes, it is!

Are you ready? Yes we are!

(The teacher will flash the question)

1. Transport food from the pharynx to the Esophagus

stomach.

2. It is the upper opening of the digestive tract. Mouth

3. Its primary function is to store foods. Stomach

4. It is a part of digestive tract where excess Large intestine

water is absorb.

Let’s give a clap to group____

D. Generalization
1. Ingestion
Ok we learned about digestive system right? 2. Absorption
Now who cam enumerate the function of the
Digestive System? 3. Digestion

4. Elimination

Excellent answer!
Digestive starts when food is taken into mouth.
Who can summarize what we have learn from Then food passes through the esophagus. Muscle
today’s lesson contraction help the food move down to the
stomach Called peristalsis. Small intestine is a
part of digestive tract that extend from the
stomach to the large intestine. Large intestine
come after the small intestine.
IV. Infusion of Value
Digestive system is one of the most versatile
What is the significance of digestive system in and complex organs in the body. As we all know
our body? that digestive system is essential for good health,
without the function of the organ we cannot gain
nutrients that goes in our bloodstreams that
build and fuel in our body’s cell.

V. Evaluation
Yes we are!
Today we will be having a short quiz. Please
bring out ¼ sheet of paper and answer the
following questions. Are you ready class?

Test I
Match column A to column B
A. Its function is to prevent food from entering
___ 1. Chyme the airways.

B. A semi-fluid mixture.
___ 2. Saliva
C. Responsible in moistening the food in the
___ 3. Epiglottis mouth.

D. Movable part of the mouth.

___ 4. Small Intestine
E. Major site absorption and digestion
___ 5. Lower Jaw

Test II
Enumeration
Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine
6, 7, and 8. Kindly enumerate at least three and Large Intestine
organs in the digestive system
Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption and
9 and 10. Give at least two function of the Elimination
digestive system.

(The student follow instruction)

If you are done exchange paper with your
seatmate.
Let us check
VI. Assignment

For your assignment, enumerate five ways on

how to take care our digestive system. Goodbye too sir!

That’s all for today

Goodbye and thank you class!!

Prepared by:

Martin M. Ventura Jr.

Test I

Match column A to column B

___ 1. Chyme A. Its function is to prevent food from entering the airways.

___ 2. Saliva B. A semi-fluid mixture.

___ 3. Epiglotis C. Responsible in moistening the food in the mouth.

___ 4. Small Intestine D. Movable part of the mouth.

___ 5. Lower Jaw E. Major site of Absorption and digestion.

Test II

Enumeration

6, 7, and 8. Kindly enumerate atleast three organs in the digestive system

9 and 10. Give atleast two function of the digestive system.