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1
Sequences, Series the
Binomial Theorem,
and Polynomial
Functions
Content Standards:
Chapter 1 Objectives:
1. Determine the terms of a sequence given the general
term.
A. Write the first five terms and the tenth term of the indicated sequence.
1. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 ; t10 = 19
2. -1, 2, 5, 8, 11 ; t10 = 26
12. 0, 10, 26, 48, 76 ; t10 = 306 or 1.54 B. Write an expression for the most apparent nth term of the sequence
7 17 31 49 199 and use it to find the next three terms.
13. 1 , 4 , 7 , 10, 1 ; t = 28
2 5 10 17 2 10
101 31. tn = 2n - 1 ; 11, 13, 15
n 6 7 8 720
22. 6, -3, 15, -27, 63 ; t10 = -1917 41. tn = (-1)n (2n) ; 12, -14, 16
23. -3, 9, 81, 6561, 43046721 ; t10 = 1.002 x 10245 42. tn = (-1)n (3n) ; 18, -21, 24
24. 128, 33, 9.25, 3.3125, 1.8281 ; t10 = 3628800 43. tn = (-1)n + 1 (2n) ; -12, 14, -16
56. explicit ;
57. recursive ; A. Find the sum.
58. explicit ;
1. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 28 12. -1 + - 1 + 0 + 1 = -1 2
3 5 15
59. recursive ;
60. explicit ; 2. 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + 17 + 20 = 75 13. 1 + (-3) + 9 + (-27) = -20
11. -1 + - 1 + 0 + 1 = -1 2
3 5 15
8 9
Communicating Math page 15 Applying and Connecting Math page 16
B. Use sigma notation to write the given sum. C. Find the indicated partial sum for the given sequences.
24. ∑6k = 1 1 k
2
39. 270
6
41. 1 127
26. ∑6k = 1 (-1)k + 2 • 1k
128
3
46. 248
31. ∑ 6 1 315
k =1
k2
47. 167
32. ∑ 6 (-1)k + 1 840
k =1
k2
48. 11 1
33. ∑6k = 1 k + 1 16
k+2
49. 34
34. ∑ 5 k
k =1
2k + 1
50. 4,997
35. ∑ n 1
k =1
k(k + 1)
10 11
Arithmetic Sequences and B. Find the common difference for each arithmetic sequence and then
Lesson 1.3 Series write the next three terms.
A. Find a formula for the nth term of each arithmetic sequence. 17. d = e ; 3e, 11e , 13e
6 4 12 12
1. tn = 7n + 18 18. d = ; 5, , 7
12 12 2 12
2. tn = -10n + 48 19. d = 3 ; 4, 4 3 , 5 1
4 4 2
3. tn = -5n + 2 20. d = -2 ; -1 2 , -2 1 , -3
3 3 3
4. tn = 4n - 20 C. Write the first five terms of each arithmetic sequence with the
given first term and common difference.
5. tn = 6n + 1
21. 9, 12, 15, 18, 21
6. tn = -8n + 21
22. -10, -6, -2, 2, 6
7. tn = -n + 5
2 23. -15, -20, -25, -30, -35
10. tn = (n)
26. 12.3, 9.6, 6.9, 4.2, 1.5
12
12 13
E. The general term of an arithmetic sequence is given. For each problem
27. 3 , 2 1 , 3, 3 3 , 4 1 write the first five terms, the 10th term and the 20th term.
2 4 4 2
28. , , - , - , -1 1
4 3 1 7 41. 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 ; t10 = 21 ; t20 = 41
5 10 5 10 5
42. -1, 2, 7, 14, 23 ; t10 = 98 ; t20 = 398
29. 8 2 , 4 1 , 0, -4 1 , -8 2
3 3 3 3
30. 15.26, 19.6, 23.94, 28.28, 32.62 43. 1, 4 , 3, 8, 5 ; t10 = 20 ; t20 = 40
3 2 5 3 11 21
44. 0, 1 , 2, 3, 4 ; t10 = 3 ; t20 = 19
Communicating Math page 24 4 5 6 7 4 22
45. 0, 1, -2, 3, -4 ; t10 = 9 ; t20 = 19
D. Use the formula for the general term to find the indicated term.
46. 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 ; t10 = 28 ; t20 = 58
31. tn = t1 + (n - 1)d
47. 4, 7, 12, 19, 28 ; t10 = 103 ; t20 = 403
t21 = 5 + (21 - 1)(3) = 65
48. 1, 6 , 12, 19, 28 ; t10 = 103 ; t20 = 403
32. t20 = 3 + (20 - 1)(5) = 98 5
49. 1, 7 , 9 , 11, 13 ; t10 = 23 ; t20 = 43
6 7 8 9 14 24
33. t14 = 9 + (14 - 1)(-4) = -43
50. 2, -3, 4, -5, 6 ; t10 = -11 ; t20 = -21
40. t9 = 1 + (9 - 1) 1 = 3 55. S6 = 6 2 1 + (6 - 1) 1 = 7
12 12 4 2 3 3
14 15
10 1 65 H. Find the arithmetic mean(s) of each pair of numbers.
56. S10 = 2(1) + (10 - 1) =
2 2 2
2 4 6 3 51 71. 2
57. S4 = + + + = 2
4 5 6 7 120
72. 8,7
4 7 10 13 16 97
58. S5 = + + + + =7
2 4 6 8 10 120 45
73.
1 1 1 -76 56
59. S4 = -1 + - + = 7
3 5 7 105 74. -7, 13
1 1 1 1 1 9129 23 38
60. S5 = + + + + = 75. ,
3 5 7 9 11 10395 10 10
76. 29, 38, 47
Applying and Connecting Math page 25
5 4 11
77. , , ,
G. Find the indicated partial sum for the given sequences. 6 3 6
78. 22, 27, 32, 37
61. tn = 4n - 2; {2, 6, 10, 14, 18}, S20 = 800
79. 89, 77, 65, 53
62. tn = 3n + 47; {50, 53, 56, 59, 62}, S15 = 1065 1 2 1 2
80. 14 , 13 , 13, 12 , 11 ,
14-2n 1 2 1 3 3 3 3
63. tn = ; {4, 3 , 2 , 2, 1 }, S10 = 10
3 3 3 3 I. 81. 20th term
64. tn = 0.75n + 8.75; {9.5, 10.25, 11, 11.75, 12.5}, S12 = 163.5
82. 15th term
65. tn = 4n - 1; {3, 7, 11, 15, 19}, S16 = 528 83. 25th term
66. tn = 5n - 9; {-4, 1, 6, 11, 16}, S18 = 693 84. 17th term
67. tn = 1044 + 47; {50, 53, 56, 59, 62}, S15 = 1065 85. 3240 seats
68. tn = 275 - 6; {6, 18, 30, 42, 54}, S9 = 1800 86. 870 bricks
69. tn = 12n - 6; {6, 18, 30, 42, 54}, S15 = 1176 87. P154,000
16. r = 1 ; 3, 1, 1
Understanding Math page 36 3 3
A. Find a formula for the nth term of each geometric sequence. 17. r = 3 ; 81 , 243 , 729
4 256 1024 4096
1 n-1 18. r = 1 ; 2, 2, 2
1. tn = 120 3 27 81 243
2
19. r = 3 ; 243 , 729, 2187
2. tn = 4(3) n-1 2 16 32 64
20. r = √5 ; 25√5, 125, 125√5
3. tn = -7(-1) n-1
C. Write the first five terms of each geometric sequence with given first
term and common ratio.
4. tn = 5(-1)n - 1
21. 9, 27, 81, 243, 729
1 n-1
5. tn = 6
2
22. -10, -20, -40, -80, -160
4
6. tn = (2)n - 1
3 23. -15, 5, - 5 , 5 , -5
3 9 27
1 n-1
24. 25, 5, 1, 1 , 1
7. tn = 1
2
5 25
8. tn = (3)n - 1 25. 4, 6, 9, 13.5, 20.25
12
b 1 26. 12, -6, 3, - 3 , 3
n-1
9. tn =
c c 2 4
3y y n-1
27. - 3 , -1, - 2 , - 4 , -8
10. tn = 2 3 9 27
2 2
18 19
28. 5 1 , 2 3 , 1 3 , 11, 11
E. The general term of an arithmetic sequence is given. For each problem
2 4 8 16 32 write the first five terms, the 10th term and the 20th term.
29. x + 1, -x2 - x, x3 + x2, -x4 - x3, x5 + x4
41. 8, 4, 2, 1 ; t7 = 1 , t10 = 1
8 64
30. y - z, y - 1, y2 - 1 , y3 - 12, y4 - 13
z z z z z z z
42. 300, -30, 3, - 3 ; t7 = 3 , t10 = - 3
10 10000 10000000
33. tn = 12 1 , t10 = 3
n-1
48. 2, 6, 18, 54 ; t7 = 1458 , t10 = 39366
2 128
38. tn = 54 - 1 , t9 = - 2
n-1
53. 16
3 243
39. tn = 111 1 1 , t7 = 1
n-1
54. 156.2496
9 10 9000
55. 1 121
40. tn = 1 (10)n - 1 , t8 = 10000000
243
3 3
20 21
56. 1 63
H. Find the geometric mean(s) of each pair of numbers.
64
71. 12
57. 381
72. 35.5 or 420.89
58. 53 10
27
73. 1
59. 7 7
8
74. 30, 12
60. 399 39
64
75. 24, 60, 150
76. 6, 3, 3
Applying and Connecting Math page 39 2
77. 8, 32, 128
G. Find a formula for tn for the given geometric sequence, then write the
first five terms and find the sum of the first n terms.
78. 6, 12, 24, 48
61. tn = 2(4)n - 1 ; 2, 8, 32, 128, 512 ; 699050
79. 18, 12, 8, 16
3
62. tn = 81 1
n-1
; 81, 27, 9, 3, 1 ; 121.48
3 80. 1, , , 8 , 16
2 4
5 25 125 625
63. tn = 16 - 3 ; 16, -24, 36, -54, 81 ; 362 21
n-1
2 32 I. Problems
64. tn = 125(0.4)n - 1 ; 125, 50, 20, 8, 3.2 ; 208.28
81. P = 500(1.25)5 = 1526 pupils
65. tn = 3(-3)n - 1 ; 3, -9, 27, -81, 243 ; -44286
82. 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 16000 ; P16000
66. tn = 27 2 ; 27, 18, 12, 8, 16 ; 76 7
n-1
3 3 27 83. 2, 4, 8, . . . 1024 ; diameter = 2048 cm
67. tn = 5(4)n - 1 ; 5, 20, 80, 320, 1280 ; 1747625
84. P = 800000(1 - 0.20)5 = P262144
68. tn = -3(-2)n - 1 ; -3, 6, -12, 24, -48 ; 1023
85. A = 100(1 + 0.12)24 = P1517.86
69. tn = 8 (3)n - 1 ; 8 , 8 , 8, 24, 72 ; 324
86. Total Compensation = 50,000(1 - 1.1 ) + 107179.44(11)
9
9 9 3
1 - 1.1
70. tn = 6 2 ; 6, 4, 8 , 16, 32 ; 16 230
n-1
3 3 9 27 243 Total Compensation = P1857947.69
22 23
8. 8u - 2u v + u v + v
9 6 2 3 4 6
27 2 2 8
28. 165c
7
13. 240c2d4
4
29. 105d
3
14. 5103ef6
2
15. -2048y11 30. 5e 4
3
C. Find the specified term of each binomial expansion. F. Simplify using the binomial theorem.
16. 64g6 + 576g5 + 2160g4 31. 112 - 189 + 135 - 540 + 1215 - 1458x3 + 729x6
x x x6 x3
17. (3h)20 + 20(3h)19(-2) + 190(3h)18(-2)2 32. 118 + 12 + 60 - 160 + 240 + 192x2 + 64x6
x x14 x10 x6 x2
18. 4096m24 + 24576m22 + 67584m20 33. x3 - 6x2 + 15x - 20 + 15 - 62 + 13
x x x
19. p33 - 22p30q2 + 220p27q4 32 400
34. 5 + 3 + 2000 + 5000x + 6250x3 + 3125x5
x x x
20. 6561 + 17496r2s + 20412r4s2 35. 1 2 + 1 + 6 + 16x + 16x2
2x x
D. Write the last three terms of each binomial expression. G. 36. a. 495 b. 495
22. 9u + 9u + 1
2
38. 126, 720
32 256 512
23. 91v w - 14vw26 + w28
2 24
39. 3360p18
81 9
24. 22y z
2 10
- 4yz11 + z12 40. a. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512
3 b. 2n
25. a b - ab + b
2 6 7
c. sum of all entries = 2n , where n indicates
28 56 256 the power to which the binomial is raised
26 27
1. 35
2. -480
3. 644
III. Write an expression for the general or nth term of each sequence.
1. tn = 7n
2. tn = 1
n
2
3. tn = 1.1n + 0.1
1. 144
2. S5 = 1 + 3 + 9 + 2 + 15 = 8 31
2 5 7 70
3. S6 = 5 + 10 + 20 + 40 + 80 + 160 = 315
28 29
V. Expand and Evaluate.
4. n = 24, d = 12
23
1. 1, 4, 7, 10, 13
3. 0, 3 , 14 , 4, 36 , 50 , 66
2 5 7 8 9
VIIII. Certain values of the elements t1, d, tn, n and S are given. Find the
VI. Find the indicated term of each arithmetic sequence. missing elements.
1. 31 1. d = 6, S25 = 2175
3. -3 3. t61 = 288, d = 71
15
VII. Use the given information to evaluate each arithmetic series. X. Insert the specified number of arithmetic means.
2. d = 3 , S65 = 195 2. 17 , 25 , 33 , 41 , 49 , 57 , 65 , 73
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
3. d = - 1 , S15 = 19
3. 1 , 4, 11 , 7 , 17
66 66
2 5 10 5 10
VIII. Use the information given for the arithmetic sequence to find the
XI. Find the first 5 terms of the geometric sequence.
quantities indicated.
2. 18, 12, 8, 16 , 32
2. t1 = -300 3 9
3. d = 1
3. -3, 15, -75, 375, -1875
2
30 31
XII. Find the general term and the indicated term for each sequence. XVI. Write the last three terms of each binomial expression.
2. 54 XVII. Find the term involving the partial term in the given binomial
expansion.
3. 3
64 1. -15120a4
XIV. Insert the indicated number of geometric means.
2. 30375b4
1. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
3. 63c
6
16
2. 2, 6, 18, 54
59. 105d
3
2
3. 6, 9, 27
2 60. 5e
4
768
XV. Find the sum Sn of each geometric series described.
1. 33.7392
2. 0.22222
3. 1093
4. 2 670
2187
33
Polynomial Expressions
Lesson 2.1 and Equations
Chapter 2 Objectives:
1. Explain why a given expression is or is not a
polynomial.
2. Apply the basic arithmetic operations on polynomials.
3. Factor polynomial expressions.
Polynomial Functions
4. Solve polynomial equations.
23. 3 12 -2
24. 2 5 5 D. Solve:
25. 2 1 -1
41. Perimeter = 2x2 + 8x - 5
C. Find the sum or difference of the following polynomials.
42. Perimeter = 8x2 + 6x + 8
26. 5b2 - 4b - 2
43. Perimeter = 10x2 - x + 20
27. -2c2 + 25c + 6
44. Difference = 6x2 - 2x + 13
28. -5d2 + 7d - 6
45. a. 55 , b. 475 , c. 1355
29. -4e2 + e + 13
E. Simplify:
30. f2 - f + 7
8 46. 6a2 - 15a + 15
31. -6g3
47. -87b3 + 91b2 - 35b
32. 5h2 - 8h + 20
48. -11c4 - 9c3 + 4c2
33. 3k2 - 6k + 27
49. -3d3 - 3d2 - 10d + 12
34. 5m3 - 2m2 - 13m + 12
50. 3e3 - 3e2 + 14e
36 37
51. 20f2 + 49f + 21 d. x6 - 1 = (x - 1)(x5 + x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1)
e. xn - 1 = (x - 1)(xn - 1 + xn - 2 + . . . + x0)
52. 12g2 - 13g - 35
65. a. x3 + 1
53. 56h - 53h + 12
2
b. x5 + 1
c. x7 + 1
54. 8j3 + 27 d. x2n + 1 + 1 = (x + 1)(x2n - x2n - 1 + . . . 1)
66. Area = 2v + 4v - 8
2
55. 6k3 - 13k2 + 21k - 10
2
56. 6m3 + 11m2 - 2m + 20 Area = (v4 + 4v3 - 4v2 - 16v + 16)cm2
79. 6j2 + 5j - 4 + 5
2j - 1 1. 4a(b - 3a2)
80. 4k2 + 5k - 6 + 10
4k - 3
m-5 2. 2cd(2c2 - 3d2 + 4cd)
81. 2m + 1 +
9m2 - 24m + 16
82. 2n - 3 + 2 2n - 2 3. (3e + 4f)(3e - 4f)
n - 5n + 6
83. p + 1 + 22p + 3
3p + 7p + 2 4. (3 + 7gh)(3 - 7gh)
84. 3q - 4 + 7q - 14
q2 + q - 6 5. (9m + 8n)(9m - 8n)
-3r2 - 3r + 3
2 2
85. -2r2 - 3r - 5 + 6. (3p + 2q)2
2 2 2r3 - 2r2 + 1
7. (5r - 2s)2
8. (uv - 8)2
9. (2tw + 1)2
10. x + b
2
2a
16. (2e + f)(2e - f)(4e2 - 2ef + f2)(4e2 + 2ef + f2) 30. (j + 5 + 2k)(j + 5 - 2k)
23.[(2x + 3y) - 3z][(2x + 3y)2 + (2x + 3y)(3z) + 9z2] 37. (y2 + y + 2)(y2 - yz + 2)
26. (a + 3)(b - c)
27. (d - 4)(d - e)
Factor each of the following if possible. Write prime if it cannot be factored. 20. prime
11. (r + s - 3)(r + s - 4)
14. (w - 5)(w + 4)
15. prime
10. - 3, 2
29. {-6, -3, 3}
5
11. - 125 , 1 -1 ±√17
30. -2, ,3
8 2
12. - 64
27
13. {-4}
14. 841
36
15. {-1, 3}
16. 1 , 21
2 2
46 47
Evaluation of a Polynomial 11. - 5 , 1
Lesson 2.2 Function 2 3
12. 1, 4
Objectives: 13. 2 , 5
5 2
1. Evaluate a polynomial function.
2. Perform basic operations on polynomial
14. 0
functions.
15. 3
b. 7 - 6a
A. Evaluate the following functions.
c. 18b + 2i - 5
1. 13 ; -2 - 10i ; 1 - i ; 18a2 - 15a + 16
d. 12b - 6√3 - 5
2. 16√3 - 48 ; 20 ; 16x - 16x2
e. 6a
3. 17 ; 75 ; -75 ; -183 b
4. -9 ; 129 ; -65 ; 15
9 17. a. -4a - 1
5. -59 ; 13 ; 14 + √2 ; -13 - 9i
16 4 b. 4a + 5
c. 3 - 12b - 8i
B. For what value(s) of x is the given function not defined.
d. 3 - 8b + 4√3
6. -7
2
e. - 4a
7. 8 b
3
8. ±3
18. a. a2 + 2
9. ±5
b. a2 - 2a + 3
10. -2, 0, 2
c. 9b2 + 12bi - 6b - 4i - 1
48 49
d. 4b2 - (4√3 + 4)b + 6 + 2√3 24. -5
e. a + 2ab - 2a
2
25. 13
b
26. 48
19. a. 2a + 7a - 2
2
27. -1152
b. 2a - 11a + 7
2
28. 36
c. 18b + 24bi + 9b + 6i - 15
2
29. 6
d. 8b2 - (8√3 - 6)b - (1 + 3√3)
30. -372
e. 2a + 4ab + 3b
2
b
Applying and Connecting Math page 79
20. a. 4a 2+ 12a + 11
2
E. Find:
4a + 8a + 3
b. 4a2 - 20a + 27
2
31. 4x2 + 2x - 10
4a - 16a + 15
32. -4x2 + 16x - 7
c. 36b + 48bi + 12b + 8i - 13
2
36b2 + 48bi - 17
33. -12x2 + 19x - 6
16b2 - (16√3 - 8)b + (15 - 4√3)
d.
16b2 - 16√3 b + 11 34. -4x2 + 5x - 9
4(a + b)2 + 4(a + b) + 3 - 4b2 + 4b + 3
4(a + b)2 - 1 4b2 - 1 35. -4x2 - 4x + 2
e.
b 36. 6x2 + 6x + 9
72. -3x - 4 + 23 ; 21
53. s(2x - 5) ; -6
-2x + 7
54. s(2√x + 1) ; 11 73. 7 - 2x ; 19
3x + 1 6
55. t x - x + 3 ; 2
2
74. 7 - 2x ; 6 + 2i
4
56. t(x2 - 8x + 18) ; 5 + 4i 75. 2x - 5 ; 1 + 2√2
; 3
x - 2√x + 3
59. p
2 2
60. q(2x2 - 4x + 4) ; 2 1
8
52 53
15. 3r2 - 4
2. 2b2 - b - 1 + 2 B. Given are division problems that has been done synthetically, Find the
b +1 divided, divisor, quotient and remainder.
3. 2c + c + 5 + 12
2
c-2
dividend divisor quotient remainder
4. 3d2 + d + 3
21. -2x3 + 3x2 + 7x -40 x+3 -2x2 + 9x - 20 20
5. e +e-1
3
11. m2 - 2m + 3 - 5
28. -3x4 - 12x3 + 4x + 16 x+4 -3x3 + 4 0
2m + 1
12. 2n2 - 2n + 1 29. 6x3 - 19x2 + 5x x-3 6x2 - x + 2 6
16. -9 26. 5
Objectives:
17. -63 27. -5
Use the remainder and factor theorems to find factors
of polynomials.
18. 41 28. 11
3. 3 11. - 7
8
Communicating Math
12. 4 1
page 91
4. -5
4
C. Find the value of k so that the remainder is zero.
5. -360 13. 3
31. 10 36. -13
6. 1074 14. -4 32. -13 37. 0
42. 7 60. No
43. -3 F. Determine the value of k for which the binomial x-c is a factor of the
polynomial function.
44. - 1
2
61. -11
45. 15
62. 84
46. -13
63. 14
47. -25
64. 57
48. 19
65. -16
49. 11
66. -13 1
50. -5 5
67. -9
Applying and Connecting Math page 92
68. -22
E. Determine if the binomial is a factor of P(x)
69. 11
51. No
70. -11
52. No
G. Solve
53. No
71. 0
54. Yes
72. 2
55. No
73. 1
56. Yes
74. p = 3 , q = -5 , pq = -15
57. Yes
75. p = 3 , q = 2
58 59
Zero(s) / Root(s) of a Polynomial 7. degree = 3 , {-2, -1, 5}
Lesson 2.5 Function/Equation
8. degree = 3 , - 3 , -1, 5
2
31. -3, -2
32. 2, 3
33. 2, 3
34. -4, 2, 4
35. 3 ± √5
36. 3 ± √3
37. ± 2√2
- 3 ± √5
38.
2
- 5 ± √17
39.
2
40. ± 2i
41. 4, -i
62 63
Lesson 2.6 The Rational Zero Theorem Communicating Math page 102
13. ± 1, 2, 4, 8
Practice Exercises 2.6
14. ± 1 , 1, 5 , 5
2 2
Understanding Math 15. ± 1 , 1, 3 , 2, 4
page 102
2 2
16. ± 1 , 1, 3 , 2, 3, 6
A. List the possibilities for the nature of the roots of each polynomial
function. 2 2
1. 1, 1, 2 17. ± 1 , 1 , 1, 2, 4
4 2
2. 2, 0, 2 or 0, 0, 4 18. ± 1 , 2 , 1, 4 , 2, 4
3 3 3
3. 0, 0, 2 or 0, 0, 4 19. ± 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 1, 2
6 3 2 3
4. 4, 0, 0 ; 2, 0, 2 ; 0, 0, 4 20. ± 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
5. 1, 2, 2, or 1, 0, 4
Applying and Connecting Math page 103
6. 3, 0, 2 ; 1, 0, 4
C. Find the rational roots for each function.
7. 3, 2, 0 ; 1, 2, 2 ; 3, 0, 2 ; 1, 0, 4 21. - 1 , 3 , 7
2 2 2
8. 1, 3, 2 ; 1, 1, 4
22. 2 ,
- 3 ± √17
3 4
9. 3, 1, 0 ; 1, 1, 2
23. 0 , - 1 , ± 1
3 2
10. 2, 3, 0 ; 2, 1, 2 ; 0, 3, 2 ; 0, 1, 4
24. -2 , 4 , -3 ± i
3 2
64 65
25. 0 , 4 , 5 ±
√3 i Graph of a Polynomial
5 2 Lesson 2.7 Function
26. 3 , ± 2 ,
- 3 ± √13
3 2
27. 1 , 2 , 3 Objectives:
2 3 2
1. Identify general shapes of the graphs of
28. 2 , 2 , 5 polynomial functions.
5 2
2. Graph a polynomial function.
29. - 1 , 3 , 5
2 2 2
30. ± 3 , ± 1 Practice Exercises 2.7
2
1. 3 real numbers
4. 3 real numbers
7. 4 real numbers,
9. 4 real numbers
12. The zeros are between -2 and -1, 0 and 1, and 3 and 4. Cubic 22.
function with 3 real zeros. b -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(b) 0 14 12 0 -16 -30 -36 -28 0
13. Two real zeros between -1 and 0 and 0 and 1. Two imaginary zeros.
14. The zeros are between -2 and -1, -1 and 0, 0 and 1, and 1 and 2. 23.
Quartic function c 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(c) -15 0 3 0 -3 0 15
15. The zeros are between -2 and -1, -1 and 0, 0 and 1, and 1 and 2.
Quartic function 24.
d -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
16. The zeros are between -2 and -1, -1 and 0, and 1 and 2. Cubic
function. P(d) -98 0 24 -10 -6 12 100
17. The zeros are between -2 and -1, 0 and 1, and 1 and 2. Cubic 25.
function. e -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(e) -1920 0 288 0 -288 -360 -240 -72 0 -48 0
18. The zeros are between -2 and -1, -1 and 0, and 0 and 1. Cubic
function.
26.
19. The zeros are between -3 and -2, 1 and 2, and 2 and 3. Cubic q -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
function. F(q) 2310 -1620 -3240 -3360 -2646 -1620 -660 0 540 204 0 0
20. The zeros are between -4 and -3, -2 and -1, -1 and 0, 0 and 1, and 1 27.
and 2. Quintic function. r -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
F(r) -40 20 18 -10 -28 0 110
28.
s -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
F(s) -25 0 9 8 3 0 5
68 69
30. a. 5x2 + x + 3
u -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
F(u) -27 0 14 12 0 -16 -18 -36 -28 0 54 b. 6x2 - 6x + 6
c. 7x2 + x - 1
31.
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 d. 3x2 - 10x + 8
G(x) -40 -12 0 2 0 0 8
e. x2 + 4x + 2
32.
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
2. Multiply :
G(x) -84 -25 0 3 -4 -9 0
a. 2x4 - 15x2 + 26x - 15
33.
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 b. x6 - 1
8
G(x) 0 0 12 12 0 0 60
c. x6 + x4 + 1 x2 - 1
4 9
34.
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 3. Divide :
G(x) -15 0 3 0 -3 0 15
a. x3 + x2 - 5x - 5
35.
b. x2 + 4x + 4
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
G(x) -10 0 0 -4 -6 0 20 c. 2x3 + 4x2 + 10x - 22 - 100
x-2
4. f(0) = -3
f(-2) = -39
f(5) = 192
70
5. a. even function
Unit
b. odd function
c. neither
2
d. even function
e. even function
6. a. -1, 2, 3
b. -2, 2
7. a. none Circles
b. -2
c. 2
and
8. a. ± 1 , ± 2 , ± 1 , ± 4 , ± 2 , ± 4
3 3 3
b. ± 1 , ± 1 , ± 3 , ± 1 , ± 3 , ± 3
4 2
1
4
1 2
2
c. ± , ± , ± , ± , ± 1 , ± 3 , ± 2 , ± 3 , ± 6
1
Coordianate Geometry
6 3 2 3 2
9. a. P(x) = x3 - 3x2 - 4x + 12
Content Standards:
b. P(x) = 6x3 + x2 - 4x + 1
The learner should demonstrate understanding of:
c. P(x) = 5x3 - 12x2 - 11x + 6 a. Circle and its Parts
b. Central Angles, Inscribed Angles and their Arcs
10. a. k = 16
c. Tangents to Circles
b. remainder = -31 d. Relationships among Chords, Radii, and Arcs
e. Angles Formed by Chords, Secants, and Tangents
c. x - 1 = 0 f(1) = (1)3 - (1)2 - 4 + 4 f. Circles and Lengths of Segments
x = 1 f(1) = 0 g. Distance and Midpoint Formulas
h. Equation of a Circle
73
Chapter 3 Objectives:
1. Define a circle and its parts.
2. Find the measure of a radius, diameter and
an arc of a circle.
B. Determine whether a given point is in the interior, exterior or on the 31. point P
circle if GM is a radius of circle G which has a length of 15 mm.
32. AC , CE , or GR
16. interior of the circle
33. 11, 5 mm
17. exterior of the circle
34. no, it is a secant
18. on the circle
35. AS , AQ , or SQ
19. interior of the circle
36. points on the circle
20. exterior of the circle
37. right triangle
76. 37.5 mm
Applying and Connecting Math page 126
77. 19.3 cm
G. Refer to circle O, if m PN = m MN , m KL = 3x + 20, m KP = 2x - 38,
and KM and PL are diameters, find the value of x and the measure of 78. 21 1 dm
4
each arc.
79. 14.08 inches
61. 39.6°
80. 2 5 ft
6
62. 41.2°
63. 138.8°
64. 41.2°
78 79
Central Angles, Inscribed 11. 72°
Lesson 3.2 Angles and their Arcs.
12. 30°
13. 58°
Objectives:
1. Differentiate central angles from inscribed angles.
2. Find the measure of an arc intercepted by central
14. RSP RTP
angles and inscribed angles.
15. 51°
8. RS
9. QOP PQ , QOR QR
10. QR
80 81
Applying and Connecting Math page 133 28.
1. In circle C, m WZ = m XY 1. Given
26.
2. m WXZ = ½ m WZ 2. Theorem 3.2
Statements Reasons
1. In circle A, 1. Given m XWY = ½ m XY
PQ QR PR 3. m WXZ = m XWY 3. Transitive Property
2. m PRQ = ½ m PQ 2. Theorem 3.2 4. WXZ XWY 4. Def. of congruent
angles
m QPR = ½ m QR
5. WX XW 5. Identity
m PQR = ½ m PR 6. XZ WY 6. The diameters of
the same circle are
3. m PRQ = m QPR = m PQR 3. Transitive Property
congruent.
4. ∆PQR is an equiangular triangle 4. Def. of equiangular
7. ∆WXZ ∆XWY 7. SAS Theorem
triangle
5. ∆PQR is an equilateral triangle 5. An equiangular
triangle is equilateral
E.
27.
29. A rectangle is inscribed in a circle if a pair of sides is equidistant
Statements Reasons from the center. A square is inscribed in a circle if two pairs of sides
are equidistant from the center.
1. ST // UV 1. Given
2. U S 2. Alternate interior 30. m EH = m FG because EGH GEF. The angles are congruent
angles of parallel lines because they are alternate interior angles formed by parallel lines.
are congruent. The two arcs are equal because of theorem 3.2
33. m J = 115 , m K = 90 , m L = 65 , m M = 90
Objectives:
34. Let x be the measure of smaller angle 1. Know the theorems are corollaries related to tangents
to circles.
3x - 15 be the measure of larger angle 2. Determine the measure of angles and line segments
related to tangents.
x + (3x - 15) = 180
x = 48.75
3x - 15 = 131.25
Practice Exercises 3.3
The angles are 48.750 , 48.750 , 131.250 , and 131.250. Understanding Math page 140
7. 12 + 12 = 22, NO
B. For each of the following, find the value of x. (2 decimal places) 25. a. AB2 = 202 - 82 , AB = 18.33 cm
b. PB2 = 102 + 18.332 , PB = 20.88 cm
11. (x + 7)2 = 72 + 122 , x = 6.89 c. CB = AB = 18.33 cm
12. (x + 12)2 = 122 + 162 , x = 6.44 d. DB = AB = 18.33 cm
13. x2 + 122 = (12 + 8)2 , x = 16
14. (x + 7)2 = 72 + 242 , x = 18 26. a. The diameter of the circle passes through all the midpoints of
15. (x + 6)2 = 62 + 62 , x = 2.49 the parallel chords.
16. x2 + 142 = (x + 10)2 , x = 4.8 b. Infinite number of chords can be drawn.
17. (8 + x)2 = 82 + 152 , x = 9 One diameter can be drawn.
18. x2 = 182 - (9 - 6)2 , x = 17.75 c. Two, one tangent internally and the other tangent externally.
b. 8 17 mm 15 15 mm 30
Unshaded Area = 193.14 + 4� (15)2 = 3020.57mm2
Shaded Area = 3600 - 3020.57 = 579.43 mm2 c. 7 25 mm 24 24 48 mm
C. d. 9 mm 41 mm 40 40 80
21. a.
A b, c. not possible
A
e. 11 mm 61 60 mm 60 120
B B
22. 28.
A OA = 15 cm a b c
o OP = 39 cm
P RT 24 mm 21 63
B PA2 = 392 - 152 , PA = 36 cm RS 12 6 mm 28 mm
PB = 36 cm
ST 12 mm 15 mm 35
23. a. concentric circles
b. tangent circles externally OR 10 20 16 mm
c. tangent circles internally PS 5 mm 8 12 mm
d. tangent circles internally
e. intersecting circles OT 26 mm 29 65
86 87
13 28 32.
OP 12 mm Statements Reasons
(OR)2 + (RT)2 = (OT)2
PT 13 17 mm 37 mm (PS)2 + (ST)2 = (PT)2 1. KL is tangent to circle at M, 1. Given
KM LM
29. 2. JM JM 2. Identity
OQ PR OP QR
3. JM KL 3. Theorem 3.3
a. 7 cm 5 cm 15 cm 9cm
4. rt. Δ JKM rt. Δ JLM 4. LLTheorem
b. 12 cm 8 cm 29cm 21 cm
5. JK JM 5. CPCTC
c. 9 cm 7cm 65 cm 63 cm
d. 10cm 6 cm 34 cm 30 cm
e. x x – 1 4x + 1 4x x=3 33.
Statements Reasons
1. AB , AD , DE are tangents to 1. Given
circle O at B,C and E AB // DE
30.
2. Draw radii OB, OC and OE 2. By Construction
AB BC CD BD ED CE
3. OB AB , OC AD ,OE ED 3. Theorem 3.3
a. 12 6 cm 10 16 8 cm 6
4. OBA , OCA, OCD , and 4. Angles formed by
b. 24 12 20 32 cm 16 12 cm OED are right angles perpendicular lines are
c. 46 2/3 20 29 cm 49 21 cm 20 right angles
4. y2 = 2√122 - 82 , y = 8√5
7. y = 26 - [8 + √262 - 242 ] = 8
15. EC = 37 - 12 , EC = 25 c.
22. PU2 = PR2 - RU2 , PU2 = 252 - 242 , PU = 7 QR = 2BR , BR2 = 4042 - 1822 , BR = 360.863
QR = 721.365
37. ∆POQ , Area = ½ (PQ)(OA) = ½ (560.482)(291) The distance between the two chords is 14 cm or 2 cm.
Area = 81550.131 mm 2
44. r2 = 48 + 36
2 2
45. r2 = 96 + 142 , r = 50 m
2
C. Problem Solving.
Statements Reasons
46.
1. In circle Q, mMR = mNS 1. Given
Statements Reasons 2. MR NS 2. Theorem 3.6
1. QS is a diameter of circle O 1. Given 3. MNR NMS 3. Corollony 3.2.1
PQ RQ
4. MN NM 4. Identity
2. OP OR 2. Radii of the same
circle are congruent 5. ∆MNR ∆NMS 5. SAS Theorem
3. OQ OQ 3. Identity
49.
4. ∆OPQ ∆ORQ 4. SSS Theorem
5. OPQ ORQ 5. CPCTC Statements Reasons
1. In circle R, mPS = mQT 1. Given
2. PS QT 2. Segments with
47.
equal measures are
congruent
Statements Reasons
3. PS QT 3. Theorem 3.6
1. PA , PB , PC , and PD are radii of 1. Given
circle P , PF AD , PE BC , 4. PQU STU 4. Corollony 3.2.1
APD BPC
QPU TSU
2. PA PB 2. Radii of the same
circle are congruent 5. ∆PQU ∆STU 5. AA Similarity
PD PC
3. ∆APD ∆BPC 3. SAS Theorem
4. AD BC 4. CPCTC
5. PF PE 5. Theorem 3.9
96 97
50. Angles Formed by Chords,
Lesson 3.5 Secants and Tangents
Statements Reasons
1. S is the center of semi-circle 1. Given
Objectives:
JKN , SK bisects JL ,
SM bisects LN 1. Find angles formed by chords, secants, and tangents.
2. Determine the relationship of chords, secants, and
tangents.
2. JLN is a right angle 2. An angle inscribed in
a circle is a right angle
3. JL LN 3. Def. of a right angle Practice Exercises 3.5
4. SK JL , SM LN 4. Converse of Theorem
Understanding Math page 157
3.7
5. SK SM 5. Transitive Property A. Assume the lines that appear tangent are tangent. Find the value of each
variable.
4. 65° 9. 56°
B. a. b.
17. 33°
18. 73°
98 98
c. g. Applying and Connecting Math page 160
6. XY XZ 6. Theorem 3.6
25. 108°
e. 42.
32. 12°
33. 140°
34. 58°
100 101
43. 44.
a + b = 10 a = 3 cm
a + c = 14 b = 7 cm
b + c = 18 c = 11 cm
104 105
Circles and Lengths of 10. PR(PR + 38) = 19(74) , PR = 23
Lesson 3.6 Segments
QU(67) = 22(22 + 55) , QU = 25.3
OF = 12 - 5 = 7
4. 18d = 21(9) , d = 10.5
16. 12(EB) = 16(16) ; EB = 21.3 , AB = 33.3
5. e2 = 21(45 + 21) , e = 37.2
17. (MK)2 = 262 - 102 , MK = 24
15(f + 15) = 21(45 + 21) , f = 77.4
(JM)(24) = 10(10) , JM = 4.17
6. 21(g + 36) = 332 , g = 15.9 JK = 28.17
(PQ)2 = AQ(RS)
8. 42 m = 15(35) , m = 12.5
(PQ)2
12 n = 15(35) , n = 43.8 (x + 1)2 = 1 (7 + 1)
x = 1.83
9. 16(BF) = 18(21) , BF = 23.6 , BE = 39.6 (PT)2 = (PQ)2 + (AQ)2
(PT)2 = (x + 1)2 + (x + 1)2
12(CG) = 24(15) , CG = 30 PT = (x + 1)√2 = 4.0
106 107
19. v2 = 4(32 + 4) , v = 12
6. m ACB + m CAB = 120 6. Subtraction Property
v2 = 8(8 + 20) , w = 10 7. m ACB = m CAB = 60 7. Division Property
20. x2 = 342 - 162 , x = 30 8. Def. of equilangular
8. ΔABC is equiangular
triangle
30y = 162 , y = 8.5 9. An equiangular triangle is
9. ΔABC is equilateral
equilateral
Applying and Connecting Math page 168
23.
C. Write a two column proof.
Statement Reasons
21. 1. AP and AQ are tangents to circle O 1. Given
Statement Reasons ~ AQ
2. AP = 2. Corollary 3.3.2
1. Circle O with secants RP and RT 1. Given 3. Draw radii OP and OQ 3. By Construction
2. Draw chords PS and QT 2. By construction 4. OP ~
= OQ 4. Radii of a circle are congruent
5. OP ┴ AP, OQ ┴ AP 5. Theorem 3.3
3. QTR ~
= SPR 3. Corollary 3.2.1
~ rt. Δ AQO
6. rt. ΔAPO = 6. LL Theorem
4. R~
= R 4. Identity
7. POR ~
= QOR 7. CPCTC
5. ΔTRQ ~ ΔPRS 5. AA Similarity 8. In a triangle, sides opposite
8. PR ~
= QR congruent angles are
6. TR = QR = TQ 6. Def. of similar triangles congruent.
PR SR PS
9. R is equidistant from P and Q 9. Def. of congruent sides
7. TR • SR = PR • QR 7. Multiplication Property
24.
Statement Reasons
22.
1. AG is a tangent to the two circles
Statement Reasons 1. Given
at F.
1. AB and CB are tangents to circle D,
1. Given 2. (AF)2 = AC • AE
m B = 60 2. Theorem 3.15
(AF)2 = AB • AD
2. Δ ABC is isosceles 2. Corollary 3.3.3 3. AC • AE = AB • AD 3. Transitive Property
3. ACB ~
= CAB 3. Def. of isosceles triangle
25. Length of tangent segment = √172 - 162 = √33 cm
4. m ACB = m CAB 4. Def. of congruent angles 26. Let x = length of tangent segment
x = length of the radius
5. m ACB + m CAB + m B= 5. The sum of the angles of a 2
180 triangle is 180. x2 + ( x )2 = 452, x = 1 18√5, radius = 9√5 mm
2
108 109
27. mPQ = 63 mm Equation: r2 + 632 = (r + 49)2
mPG = r + 49 = 632 - 49 Chapter Test
r = radius 98
r = 39.6 1. c
d = 79.2 mm
2. d
28. 18 • 12 = x • 6x, x = 6 mm
3. b
29. Let x = length of the chord
(x - 8)(8) = 5(40) 4. b
x = 33cm
5. a
30. (z - 27)(z) = 8(20)
z = 32cm 6. c
7. a
8. b
9. d
10. b
11. d
12. b
13. c
14. a
15. c
16. b
17. d
18. b
19. a
20. c
110 111
Chapter 4 Objectives:
1. Identify a point on a number line and determine its
coordinate.
2. Find the coordinates of a given point in a coordinate
plane.
1. abscissa or x-axis
2. coordinate
3. abscissa
4. origin
Hermann Gunther Grassmann 5. ordinate or y-axis
6. ordered
Hermann Günther Grassmann ( April 15, 1809 – September 26, 1877) was 7. ordinate
a German polymath, renowned in his day as a linguist and now also admired
8. quadrants
as a mathematician. He was also a physicist, neohumanist, general scholar, and
publisher. His mathematical work was little noted until he was in his sixties.
9. first quadrant
In 1844, Grassmann published his masterpiece, his Die Lineale 10. ( +, – )
Ausdehnungslehre, ein neuer Zweig der Mathematik [The Theory of Linear
Extension, a New Branch of Mathematics], hereinafter denoted A1 and commonly B. Name the point on the graph with the given ordered pairs.
referred to as the Ausdehnungslehre, which translates as “theory of extension” or
“theory of extensive magnitudes.” Since A1 proposed a new foundation for all
of mathematics, the work began with quite general definitions of a philosophical
11. point J
nature. Grassmann then showed that once geometry is put into the algebraic form 12. point R
he advocated, the number three has no privileged role as the number of spatial 13. point D
dimensions; the number of possible dimensions is in fact unbounded. 14. point N
In 1846, Möbius invited Grassmann to enter a competition to solve a problem 15. point L
first proposed by Leibniz: to devise a geometric calculus devoid of coordinates 16. point B
and metric properties (what Leibniz termed analysis situs). Grassmann’s 17. point T
Geometrische Analyse geknüpft an die von Leibniz erfundene geometrische 18. point P
Charakteristik, was the winning entry (also the only entry). Moreover, Möbius, 19. point H
as one of the judges, criticized the way Grassmann introduced abstract notions
20. point F
without giving the reader any intuition as to why those notions were of value.
112 113
C. Name the coordinates of each point. 32.
21. ( -3 , 2 ) y
(4 , 5)
22. ( 9 , 0 )
23. (10 , 9)
(-1 , 3)
24. (4 , 1)
25. (-7 , 8)
x
26. (-9 , -9) (6 , -1)
27. (-10 , 4)
28. (0 , 0)
29. (5 , 5)
y
D. Graph. Use a separate coordinate plane for each exercise. Join the
points.
(4 , 3)
31.
y (-2 , 1)
(2 , 4)
x
(6 , 2)
(-2 , -2)
x (2 , -5)
(1 , -1)
114 115
34. Applying and Connecting Math page 181
y E. Problem Solving.
36.
(-3 , 3) (3 , 5)
y
A D
(-3 , 0) x
(1 , -3)
x
B C
(1 , 7) AC2 = 62 + 62
AC = 6√2 units
(2 , 3)
y
(0 , 4) (5 , 4)
x
(-3 , -2)
(0 , 0) (5 , 0) x
a. (-3 , -2) , No
b. (6 , 9) , No
c. (1 , 10) , No y
39.
a. The point lies on the y-axis.
40. (0 , 0) (4 , 0) x
a. No
b. {(5 , 0) , (0 , -5) , (-5 , 0) , (0 , 5)}
118 119
The two other vertices lie on (-4 , -4) , (4 , -4) , and (4 , 4).
42. 44.
y y y
(0 , 12) (5 , 12)
(2 , 1) (5 , 1)
(5 , 0)
(5 , 0)
x x
y
(-4 , 4)
(12 , 0)
x
y
x (0 , 5)
(12 , 0)
x
120 121
45. The vertices of the rhombus are (0 , 3) , (4 , 0) , (0 , -3) and (-4 , 0). 46. collinear
y 47. collinear
48. non-collinear
(0 , 3)
49. non-collinear
55. (15 , 0)
(10 , 8)
(2 , 7)
(1 , 6) (10 , 7)
(5 , 5)
(1 , 5) (9 , 4)
(1 , 4)
(-3 , 1) (1 , 2) (7 , 1)
(-12 , -2)
(3 , -7)
122 123
Distance and Midpoint 16. 3 (0 . 2.5)
Lesson 4.2 Formulas 17. √24 = 4.9 (1 , 0)
18. 6 (1 , √3)
19. 2√3 = 3.46 (√6 , √3)
Objectives:
20. 2√a + b 2 2 (b , a)
1. Find the distance between any two given points.
2. Determine the midpoint of a given line segment.
B. M is the midpoint of PQ
Find the missing coordinates.
Practice Exercises 4.2
21. (6 , 3)
Understanding Math page 187
22. (21 , -15)
A. Find the distance between each pair of points and the midpoint of the
line segment joining the points. 23. (14 , 10)
24. (0 , -1)
distance midpoint
1. 6 (5 , 3) 25. (-12 , 8)
2. 6 (0 , -3)
3. 6 (-2 , 1) 26. - 25 , -13
3
4. 6 (-1 , -2)
27. (5 , 5)
5. 5 (-1 , 3.5)
6. 10 (0 , -2) 28. (3 , 3)
7. √13 = 3.61 (-2 , 3.5)
29. (10 - a , -4 - b)
8. √53 = 7.28 (0.5 , 1)
9. √10 = 3.16 (-0.5 , 4.5) 30. 3 + x , -5 + y
2 2
10. 8√2 = 11.31 (0 , 3)
11. √5 = 2.24 (1 , -6.5)
12. √41 = 6.4 (-3.5 , 6)
13. √122 = 11.05 (-3.5 , 0.5)
√89
14. = 4.72 (1.5 , 3.75)
2
15. √90 = 9.49 (-1.5 , -1)
124 125
C. The vertices A, B, and C of a triangle are given. Determine what kind Applying and Connecting Math page 189
52. y = -6 , y = 2
Communicating Math page 188
53. y = -4 , y = 20
D. Use the distance formula to determine whether the given points are
collinear or not. 54. x = -2 , x = 14
41. Let A , B , and C represent the 3 given points AB = √153 , 55. y = -16 , y = 26
AC = √425 , BC = √68 ; collinear
G. Problem:
42. AB = √26 , AC = √234 , BC = √104 ; collinear
56. x2 + y2 = r2 , x2 + y2 = 132
43. AB = √265 , AC = √701 , BC = √104 ; collinear
57. (x - 4)2 + (y + 1)2 = 52 , x2 + y2 - 8x + 2y - 8 = 0
44. AB = √241 , BC = √205 , AC = √68 ; not collinear
58. A(-3 , -1) , B(3 , 2) , C(4 , 0) , D(-2 , -3)
45. AB = √34 , BC = √136 , AC = √306 ; collinear
slope of AB = 1
2
slope of BC = -2
AB // CD and BC // AD
slope of CD = 1
2
slope of AD = -2
126 127
59. x2 + y2 = 13 , x - 2y = 7
Lesson 4.3 Slope
x = 2y + 7
Objectives:
(2y + 7)2 + y2 = 13
1. Find the slope of a given line.
y = -2 , y = - 18 2. Determine the graph of a line
5 a. Given two points.
x = 3 , x = - 1 b. Given a point and its slope
5
The points of intersection of the line x - 2y = 7 and the circle Practice Exercises 4.3
x2 + y2 = 13 are (3 , -2) and - 1 , - 18 .
5 5 Understanding Math page 193
A.
60. x2 + y2 = r2
1.
(3 - 0)2 + (b - 0)2 = (√13)2 a. A line with a positive slope rises from left to right.
b. A line with a negative slope goes down from left to right.
b = +2 c. The slope of a horizontal line is zero.
3. b and d
4. a. m = 6
5
b. m = - 2
3
c. m = 6
d. m = 0
5. a. y = 2 x
3
b. y = - 4 x
3
c. y = - x1
5
128 129
2
C. Graph the line that contains the given point and has the given slope m.
e. y = 0
16.
B. y
6. 2 (3 , 5)
3
7. - 2
7
8. - 8 x
5
9. - 5
3 17.
y
10. - 2
7
(2 , 5)
11. 4
3
12. - 53
72
x
13. 173
140
18.
y
14. - 23
33
15. 15
13
(-2 , 3)
x
130 131
19. 27. √74 , √149 , √433 ; collinear
y
28. √13 , √325 , √468 ; collinear
x
29. √13 , √52 , √117 ; collinear
20. E. If both points are contained by a line with the given slope m, find the
y mising coordinate.
31. x = 22
x
32. y = 3
(-5 , -3)
33. y = 3
34. y = 8
35. x = 9
39. The center of the circles is (0 , 2) and its radius is 5 units. 43. i. midpoint of HI is (6 , 2)
Point (-3 , 6) is also 5 units away from (0 , 2) , therefore (-3 , 6)
lies on the circle. ii. midpoint of HJ is (1 , 5)
iv. slope of KL is 12 - 0 or 3
Lesson 4.4 Equations of Lines
1 - -3
45.
O(-3 , 7) Objectives:
1. Know what a linear equation is and its types.
2. Transform a linear equation from one type to another.
i. midpoint of OP is (0 , 3)
A. Using the general form of a linear equation, Ax + By + C = 0 , Find the
slope of median to OP is 4 values of A, B, and C.
3
ii. midpoint of NO is (-3 , 3) A B C
1. 1 2 -3
slope of median to NO is - 2 2. 2 -3 5
3
3. 3 -1 4
iii. midpoint of NP is (0 , -1)
4. 3 4 -7
slope of median to NP is - 8 5. 2 9 -11
3
6. 3 2 -6
7. 3/4 -2 -1/2
8. 1 5 -5
9. 10 -6 9
10. 9 -8 27
11. 3x + 4y = 12
12. x - 3y = -6
13. 3x + 2y = 18
14. x - 2y = -4
15. 9x - 20y = 30
16. 3x - 5y = 8
136 137
17. 5x + 2y = - 11 35. y = 2x + 1 , m = 2 , b = 1
18. 9x - 4y = -31
19. 15x - 20y = 59 36. y = x - 9 , m = 1 , b = -9
20. 3x + 2y = 6
37. y = - 1 x + 11 , m = - 1 , b = 11
C. Write each equation in slope intercept form. 3 3 3 3
38. y = 3x - 18 , m =3 , y = -18
21. y = - 4x + 4
3 39. y = 1 x - 1 , m = 1 , b = - 1
22. 2
y= x-2 2 2 2 2
5 7 7
40. y = - x - 2 , m = - , b = -2
23. y = 3x - 3 5 5
2 E. Determine the x - and y - intercepts of the graph of each equation.
24. y = 0x + 5
3
a b
25. 2
y=- x+2
3 41. 2 3
42. 8 6
26. y = - 8x + 8
3 43. 3 12
3
27. y= x-6 44. 4/3 -4/5
2
45. -15/22 15/6
28. y = 1x + 1
4 4 46. 0 0 50x + 11y = 0
29. 3
y= x- 11 47. 0 0 8x - y = 0
4 8 48. 1/4 -7/2
30. y=- x+ 5
3
49. -7/5 -1/7
2 2
50. -1 -1
Communicating Math page 200
F. a. table of values.
D. Determine the slope and y - intercept of the given linear equation. 51. (-1 , 12) , (0 , 8) , (2 , 0)
52. (-1 , 2) , (0 , 4) , (1 , 6)
31. y = 3x - 9 , m = 3 , b = -9 53. (-1 , -14) , (0 , -4) , (1 , 6)
54. (-2 , -4) , (0 , -3) , (2 , -2)
32. y = -5x - 12 , m = -5 , b = -12 55. (-4 , 14) , (0 , 8) , (2 , 5)
6. 3 3 -1
3
1 1
7. -2
2 2
8. 0 0 none
9. -1 -1 1
5 5 -2
10.
2 2 5
142 143
26. m1 = 2 , m2 = 2 ; parallel
B. Each pair of points determine a line. Are the two lines in each exercise
parallel, perpendicular, or neither? 7 7
27. m1 = 4 , m2 = 4 ; parallel
slope of first line slope of second line relationship
11.
5 5
parallel 28. m1 = 2 , m2 = 2 ; parallel
4 4 5 5
7 -3
29. m1 = 3 , m2 = 3 ; parallel
12. perpendicular
3 7
30. m1 = 4 , m2 = 4 ; parallel
13. 5 -1 perpendicular 5 5
5
14. -3 -3 parallel
8 8 Communicating Math page 207
15. 4 -3 neither
7 D. Write an equation of the line that is parallel to the graph of each equation
16. 0 0 parallel and passes through the given point. Use slope intercept form.
46. 4 -1 y = - 1x + 5
4 4 2
1 y = 1 x + 16
Applying and Connecting Math page 208
47. -3
3 3 3
1 G. Write the equation of the line in standard form.
48. -2 y = -2x - 4
2
5 61. m = 2 , a. 2x - y = 6 , b. x + 2y = 3
49. -2 y = - 2 x + 11
2 5 5 5
62. m = 4 , a. 4x - y = 4 , b. x + 4y = 18
7 -4 y = - 4 x - 19
50.
4 7 7 7 63. m = - 1 , a. x + 2y = 5 , b. 2x - y = 0
2
F. Write an equation of the line that is the perpendicular bisector of the
64. m = -4 , a. 4x + y = -8 , b. x - 4y = 15
line segment joining the given pair of points. Use the standard form of
65. m = 1 , a. x - 2y = -8 , b. 2x + y = -1
equation of a line.
2
slope of
midpoint
slope of given
perpendicular equation 66. m = - 2 , a. 2x + 5y = 3 , b. 5x - 2y = 22
line 5
bisector
67. slope of hypotenuse = 5 , 5x - 3y = 0
1 3
51. (5 , 3) -2 2x + y = 13
2 1
68. m = - , x + 3y = 12
3 3
52. (3 , 4) -5 5x + 3y = 21
5 3
146 147
69. slope of BC = 1 1
3 74. AB √10
3
-5
slope of perpendicular = -3
BC √29
2
equation of line: y - 8 = -3(x + 2) , 3x + y - 2 = 0 parallelogram
1
CD √10
3
70. midpoint of BC is (0 , 5)
AD √29 -5
equation of median: y - 5 = 5 - 8 (x - 0) 2
0 - -2
3x + 2y - 10 = 0 75. AB 5 0
BC 3 undefined
rectangle
H. Determine whether quadrilateral ABCD is a trapezoid, a parallelogram, CD 5 0
a rectangle, or a square. Justify your answer. AD 3 undefined
-2
80. AB 2√13
3 Practice Exercises 4.6
3
BC √13
2 Understanding Math page 213
parallelogram
CD 2√13 -2
3 A. Find an equation of the circle with the given radius and center.
3
AD √13 1. x2 + y2 + 10x - 4y + 25 = 0
2
2. x2 + y2 - 8x + 6y + 22 = 0
3. x2 + y2 - 39 = 0
4. x2 + y2 - 6x + 4y - 12 = 0
5. x2 + y2 + 6x - 4y + 4 = 0
6. 16x2 + 16y2 - 8x - 79 = 0
7. 144x2 + 144y2 - 216x + 192y - 2447 = 0
8. x2 + y2 + 6x - 14y + 46 = 0
9. x2 + y2 - 10x + 4y + 9 = 0
F. Determine whether each of the following ordered pairs lies on the circle
x² + y²= 1.
1. I 4. 4
2. IV 11
46. Yes
3. y-axis 5. - 6
4. II 7
47. Yes 5. III 9
48. No 6.
6. x-axis 13
49. No
50. No
7. II 7. 3
8. y-axis 2
51. Yes
52. Yes
9. I 8. 5
10. III 9
53. Yes 11. IV
54. No 9. -1
12. II
55. No 13. I 10. 3
14. x-axis 4
G. Apply the given information to each circle and determine the equation 15. III
of the new circle in general form. b.
II. 11. Yes
56. x2 + y2 - 4x - 8y + 11 = 0
57. x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y + 21 = 0 12. Yes
1. c 13. Yes
58. x2 + y2 - 6x + 6y + 17 = 0 2. b
59. x2 + y2 + 8x + 12y + 43 = 0 14. Yes
3. c 15. Yes
60. x2 + y2 - 20x + 16y + 155 = 0 4. d
5. c c.
H. Problems 6. a
7. a 16. 6
61. x2 + 202 = 292 , x = 21 units , length of chord = 42 units 8. c 17. 3
9. d 18. -3
62. x2 + 202 = 292 , x = 21 cm , length of chord = 42 cm
19. -2
III. a.
63. r2 = 20 + 122 , r = 37 mm
2
20. 5.56
2
1. -1 IV. a.
64. x2 + 632 = 652 , x = 16 cm
2. - 2 1. 2x - y = 7
65. (x + 3) + (y + 8) = 7 or x + y + 6x + 16y + 24 = 0
2 2 2 2 2 7
2. 3x - y = -1
3. -3
154
3. 4x + y = 3 BC AC , therefore ABC is a right triangle
4. 4x + 5y = 9
5. 7x + 2y = 45 slope of AB slope of BC slope of AC
1
b. 2. -2 3 AB BC
2
6. x-y=3 1
3. -1 1 AB AC
7. 5x + 7y = -50 7
8. 3x + 5y = -11 1
4. -2 3 AB BC
9. 2x - 6y = -8 2
10. 3x + 9y = 22 4 1
5. -7 AB AC
7 18 4
c.
12. m = 212 - 32 = 180 or 9 6. m1 = 1 , m2 = 1 ; The slopes are equal, hence the two lines are
100 - 0 100 5 2 2 parallel.
13. C - 0 = 5 (F - 32)
9 7. m1 = 7 , m2 = 7 ; The slopes are equal, hence the two lines are
9C 5 5 parallel.
14. F = + 32
5
15. C = 5 (F - 32) 8. m1 = 1 , m2 = -2 ; The slopes are negative reciprocals of each
9 2 other, hence the two lines are perpendicular.
16. F = 9(30) + 32 = 86
5 9. m1 = 1 , m2 = -4 ; The slopes are negative reciprocals of each
5
17. C = (50 - 32) = 10 4 other, hence the two lines are perpendicular.
9
18. C = 5 (F - 32) , C = F , C = 5 (C - 32) 10. Let A, B, C and D represent the four vertices.
9 9
C = -40 slope of AB = -1
F = -40
slope of BC = 2
V. a. Let A, B, and C represent the three vertices
slope of CD = -1
1. slope of AB: m = 2 - 7 = -5
6-5
slope of AD = 2
slope of BC: m = 7 - 5 = 1
5-3
slope of AC: m = 5 - 2 = -1
AB // CD and BC // AD, therefore ABCD is a parallelogram.
3-6
157
VI.
Unit
1. a
2. b
3. c
3
4. d
5. c
6. b
7. d
8. a
9. c
10. b
11.
12.
13.
a
d
c
Statistics,
Permutation,
14. b
15. a
16. d
Combination, and
Probability
Content Standards:
Chapter 5 Objectives:
1. Define statistics and other statistical terms such as
sample and population.
2. Give the importance of the study of statistics.
2. a. population
b. sample
c. population
d. sample
e. sample
John Graunt
4 D.
10. first week : Php 1250 x 3 = Php 3750
3 6th week : Php 8125 x 6.25 = Php 8125
7th week : Php 1250 x 4 = Php 5000
2
C. E.
6. Php 11000 13. 55
10 3
Class Frequency Class Class Cumulative
range 10 - 0 = 10 f Marks Boundaries frequency
x
21.b
88 - 95 8 91.5 87.5 - 95.5 60
Class Frequency Class Class Cumulative 80 - 87 9 83.5 79.5 - 87.5 52
f Marks Boundaries frequency 72 - 79 14 75.5 71.5 - 79.5 43
x 64 - 71 13 67.5 63.5 - 71.5 29
10 - 19 3 14.5 9.5 - 19.5 3 56 - 63 9 59.5 55.5 - 63.5 16
20 - 29 4 24.5 19.5 - 29.5 7 48 - 55 5 51.5 47.5 - 55.5 7
30 - 39 6 34.5 29.5 - 39.5 13 40 - 47 2 43.5 39.5 - 47.5 2
40 - 49 7 44.5 39.5 - 49.5 20 n = 60
50 - 59 11 54.5 49.5 - 59.5 31 range = 95 - 40 = 55
60 - 69 8 64.5 59.5 - 69.5 39
70 - 79 7 74.5 69.5 - 79.5 46
80 - 89 5 84.5 79.5 - 89.5 51
90 - 99 9 94.5 89.5 - 99.5 60
n = 60
range = 99 - 10 = 89
166 167
Objectives: a. 79.5 95 - 99 5
1. Read and understand tables and graphs containing
statistical data.
b. 74.5 90 - 94 4
2. Define class limits, class intervals, class boundary, class c. 67 85 - 89 9
mark, and class size.
d. 74.5 - 79.5 80 - 84 8
3. Construct a frequency distribution table given a set of data.
e. 5 75 - 79 21
f. 9 70 - 74 10
Practice Exercises 5.3 g. 0.175 65 - 69 9
h. 75 - 79 60 - 64 12
Understanding Math page 242
i. 33/80 or 41.25% 55 - 59 1
j. 29/80 or 36.25% 50 - 54 1
1. a. 11, 16, 22, 27, 32, 39, 43, 50, 53, 62
n = 80
b. range = 62 - 11 = 51
b. 54 4.a
class cumulative relative
c. 98 - 54 = 44 frequency
interval frequency frequency
d. 95, 96, 97, 98 100 - 104 1 30 0.033
95 - 99 3 29 0.100
e. 54, 58, 60, 61
90 - 94 4 26 0.133
f. 89 85 - 89 6 22 0.200
80 - 84 4 16 0.133
g. 47 75 - 79 3 12 0.100
70 - 74 2 9 0.067
h. 54
65 - 69 1 7 0.033
i. 27 = 33.75% 60 - 64 6 6 0.200
80
30
j. 55, 56, 57, 59, 65, 71, 92, 93
168 169
b. cf of 80 - 84 is 16 b.
30
c. rf of 85 - 89 is 0.2 28
26
5. a 24
20
60 - 64 1 100 18
55 - 59 3 99 16
50 - 54 8 96 14
45 - 49 11 88 12
40 - 44 19 77 10
35 - 39 29 58 8
30 - 34 11 29 6
25 - 29 7 18 4
20 - 24 6 11 2
15 - 19 2 5 0
2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 57 62 67
10 - 14 2 3
5-9 1 1 c. cumulative frequency polygon
100 100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 57 62 67
170 171
d. percentage of students who scored 30 and higher is 82% 8.
6.
class class class percentage
x f cf
Scores f cf limits boundaries mark distribution
7/36 • 100 =
90 - 99 8 80 66 - 75 7 36 66 , 75 65.5 - 75.5 70.5
19.44
80 - 89 13 72 13/36 • 100 =
70 - 79 17 59 56 - 65 5 29 56 , 65 55.5 - 65.5 60.5
13.89
60 - 69 21 42 18/36 • 100 =
46 - 55 2 24 46 , 55 45.5 - 55.5 50.5
50 - 59 14 21 5.56
40 - 49 6 7 36 - 45 3 22 36 , 45 35.5 - 45.5 40.5 8.33
30 - 39 1 1 26 - 35 3 19 26 , 35 25.5 - 35.5 30.5 8.33
80 16 - 25 13 16 16 , 25 15.5 - 25.5 20.5 36.11
6 - 15 3 3 6 , 15 5.5 - 15.5 10.5 8.33
36 range = 74 - 8 = 66
Applying and Connecting Math page 245
7. 9.
class percentage
x f cf
boundaries distribution class class class percentage
x f cf
11 1 24 10.5 - 11.5 1/24 • 100 = 4.17 limits boundaries mark distribution
10 2 23 9.5 - 10.5 2/24 • 100 = 8.33 7/66 • 100 =
92 - 100 7 66 92 , 100 91.5 - 100.5 96
9 6 21 8.5 - 9.5 6/24 • 100 = 25.0 10.61
8 2 15 7.5 - 8.5 8.33 13/66 • 100 =
83 - 91 13 59 83 , 91 82.5 - 91.5 87
7 1 13 6.5 - 7.5 4.17 19.70
6 1 12 5.5 - 6.5 4.17 18/66 • 100 =
74 - 82 18 46 74 , 82 73.5 - 82.5 78
27.27
5 3 11 4.5 - 5.5 12.5
65 - 73 13 28 65 , 73 64.5 - 73.5 69 19.70
4 3 8 3.5 - 4.5 12.5
56 - 64 9 15 56 , 64 55.5 - 64.5 60 13.64
3 4 5 2.5 - 3.5 16.67
47 - 55 4 6 47 , 55 46.5 - 55.5 51 6.06
2 1 1 1.5 - 2.5 4.17
38 - 46 2 2 38 , 46 37.5 - 46.5 42 3.03
24
66 range = 97 - 43 = 54
172 173
10.
Lesson 5.4 Summation Notation
percentage
x f cf class boundaries
distribution Objectives:
15 1 40 14.5 - 15.5 1/40 • 100 = 2.5 Find the scores of numerical values using the rules
of summation.
14 2 39 13.5 - 14.5 2/40 • 100 = 5.0
13 1 37 12.5 - 13.5 1/40 • 100 = 2.5
12 2 36 11.5 - 12.5 5.0 Practice Exercises 5.4
11 2 34 10.5 - 11.5 5.0
10 6 32 9.5 - 10.5 15.0 Understanding Math page 249
9 3 26 8.5 - 9.5 7.5 A. Write the terms for the indicate sums.
8 8 23 7.5 - 8.5 20.0
7 4 15 6.5 - 7.5 10.0 1. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
6 4 11 5.5 - 6.5 10.0 2. x12 y1 + x22 y2 + x32 y3 + x42 y4
5 7 7 4.5 - 5.5 17.5
40 range = 15 - 5 = 10 3. (1 - 2)2 + (2 - 2)2 + (3 - 2)2 + (4 - 2)2
29. zi
15. (3 • 1 + 5) + (3 • 2 + 5) + ... (3 • 6 + 5) i= 5
5
16. (5 • 4 - 1) + (5 • 5 - 1) + (5 • 6 - 1) + (5 • 7 - 1) 30. 4xi
i= 1
31. (zi - 5)
i= 1
18. (1 - 4 • 3) + (1 - 4 • 4) + ... + (1 - 4 • 7)
7
37. 5i
i=1
Communicating Math page 250
19
4 20
4 100
i
27. (yi + i) 40.
i= 1 i=1 i+1
n 100
n
28. (xi + yi) 41.
i= 1 n=1 n+1
176 177
3 10 10 10
( )
56. (2 - 1)2 + (2 - 1)2 + (-1 - 1)2 = 6
8
1 n
44. 8 -
n=0 2
57. [(2 + 1)2 + (2 + 1)2 + (-1 + 1)2]2 = 18
6
D. 66. 41 + 42 + 43 + 44 = 340
3 4 5 1039
52. 62 68. 2 + + + = 2
8 27 64 1728
53. 4 69. (27 - 9 + 4) + (64 - 16 + 4) + (125 - 25 + 4) = 178
4
70. 20 + 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25 =63
54. 4x = 2 + (-1) + 0 + 3 (xi - x)2 = (2 - 1)2 + (-1 - 1)2 + (0 - 1)2 + (3 - 1)2
4x = 4 i = 1
=1+4+1+4
x = 1 = 10
178 179
Lesson 5.5 Measures of Central Tendency 3. Find the median for the following list of numbers.
46 + 49
a. median = = 47.5
2
Objectives:
b. median = 173
1. Find the mean, median, and mode of a given data,
grouped and ungrouped.
1042 + 1056
c. median = = 1049
2. Determine quartiles, deciles, and percentiles of a
given distribution.
2
421 + 429
d. median = = 425
2
Practice Exercises 5.5
Understanding Math page 262 4. Find the median for the following list of numbers.
d. (8 - 2n) , (8 - n) , 8 , (8 + n) , (8 + 2n)
180 181
e. (6 - n) , 6 , 6 , 6 , (6 + n) fX 3490
c. Mean = = = 87.25
n 40
f. (10 - n) , 10 , 10 , 10 , (10 + n)
( ) 1 1
= 43 - 32 = 11
model class , 85 - 89 Mode = + c
1
1
+ 2 2
= 43 - 21 = 22
( )
= 84.5
1 5 c = 10
= 84.5 + (5)
1
= 13 - 8 = 5 5+9
= 13 - 4 = 9 b.
( )
2 Mode = 86.29 120 - 41
c = 5 median class , 50 - 59 Mode = 49.5 + (10)
43
1
= 49.5
Mode = 53.92
( )
b.
n n = 120
- f1
2 f1 = 41
median class , 85 - 89 Mode = 1 + c
f fm = 43
( )
1
= 84.5 40
- 15 c = 10
n = 40 2
= 84.5 + (5)
f1 = 15 13 6600
c. Mean = = 55.0
Mode = 86.42 120
fm = 13
c = 5
182 183
660 99(15000) + 100000
8. a. x = = 66.0 15. x = = Php 15850
10 100
174
b. x = = 21.75
8
4799 44.5(5) + 54.5(18) + 64.5(26) + 74.5(15) + 84.5(10) + 94.5(6)
c. x = = 479.9 16. a. Mean =
10 80
46 + 47
b. median = = 46.5
( )
2 b.
80
83 2
- 23
c. median = = 8.3
10 Median class , 60 - 69 Mode = 59.5 + (10)
26
10. a. mode = 50 = 59.5
1
Mode = 66.04
n = 80
b. mode = none
f1 = 23
c. mode = 10.3 fm = 26
c = 10
Applying and Connecting Math page 264
c.
11. Mean =
20(18) + 23(22)
18 + 22
= 21.65
Model class = 60 - 64 Mode = 59.5 + ( 8
8 + 11)(10)
14(37) + 5(33) + 10(28) + 4(25) + 3(23) + 3(20) = 59.5
12. Mean = 1 Mode = 63.71
39
1
= 26 - 18 = 8
Mean = 30.56
2
= 26 - 15 = 11
35(81) + 3(85) + 2(55) c = 10
13. Mean = = 80
40
40 + 36 + 15 + 12 + 10 + 8 + 7 + 5
14. a. Mean Age = = 16.625 17(16) + 22(35) + 27(44) + 32(27) + 37(17) +
8
42(8) + 47(2) + 52(1)
17. a. Mean =
b. Six years from now, Mean Age = 22.625 150
4205
c. 15 years from now, Mean Age = 31.625 Mean = = 28.03
150
d. a + 6 = b , a + 15 = c
184 185
( ) ( )
b. a.
150 n
- 51 - f1
2 4
Median class = 25 - 29 Mode = 24.5 + (5) 1st quarter class = 25 - 34 Q1 = 1 + c
44 fm
( )
= 24.5 = 24.5 42.5 - 22
1
Mode = 27.23 1
Q1 = 24.5 + (10)
n = 150 n 170 27
= = 42.5
4 4
f1 = 51 f1 = 22 Q1 = 32.09
fm = 44 fq = 27
c = 5 c = 10
c.
( )
( )
b.
9 n
Modal class = 25 - 29 Mode = 24.5 + (5)
9 + 17 2
- f1
= 24.5 2nd quarter class = 35 - 44 Q2 = 1 + c
1 Mode = 26.23 fq
( )
= 44 - 35 = 9 1
= 34.5 85 - 49
1
n 170 Q2 = 34.5 + (10)
= 44 - 27 = 17 = = 85 41
2 4 2
c = 5 f1 = 49 Q2 = 43.28
fq = 41
c = 10
18.
Ages f cf
75 - 84 3 170
( )
c.
65 - 74 14 167 3n
- f1
2
55 - 64 28 153 3rd quarter class = 55 - 64 Q3 = 1 + c
fq
( )
45 - 54 35 125 1
= 54.5 127.5 - 125
3n 3(170) Q3 = 54.5 + (10)
35 - 44 41 90 = = 127.5 28
4 4
25 - 34 27 49 f1 = 125 Q3 = 55.39
15 - 24 22 22 fq = 28
170 c = 10
186 187
( )
19. c.
a. 5n
- f1
10
5th decile class = 20 - 24 D5 = 1 + c
Out - Patient fd
f cf
( )
Contacts 1
= 19.5 50 - 38
5n 5(100) D5 = 19.5 + 5
1st decile class = 10 - 14 5-9 8 8 = = 50 25
10 10
= 9.5 10 - 14 11 19 D5 = 21.9
1 f1 = 38
n 100 15 - 19 19 38
= = 10 fd = 25
10 10
20 - 24 25 63
f1 = 8 c = 5
25 - 29 16 79
fd = 11
( )
30 - 34 12 91 d.
c=5 7n
35 - 39 9 100 - f1
10
( )
7th decile class = 25 - 29 D7 = 1 + c
n 100 fd
- f1
( )
10 = 24.5 70 - 63
D1 = 1 + c 1
D7 = 24.5 + 5
fd 7n 7(100) 16
= = 70
10 10
D1 = 9.5 + ( 10 - 8
11 )5 = 10.41 f1 = 63
D7 = 26.69
fd = 16
c = 5
( )
b.
3n
- f1
10
3rd decile class = 15 - 19 D3 = 1 + c
( )
e.
fd 9n
( )
= 14.5 30 - 19 - f1
1
D3 = 14.5 + (5) 10
3n 3(100) 19 9th decile class = 30 - 34 D9 = 1 + c
= = 30 fd
10 10
( )
= 29.5 90 - 79
D3 = 17.39 1
D9 = 29.5 + 5
f1 = 19 9n 9(100) 12
= = 90
fq = 19 10 10
D9 = 34.08
f1 = 79
c = 5
fd = 12
c = 5
188 189
( )
20. c.
Scores f cf 63n
- f1
100
90 - 99 7 100 63rd percentile class = 70 - 79 P63 = 1 + c
fp
( )
80 - 89 30 93 = 69.5
1 63 - 22
63n 63(100) P63 = 69.5 + 10
70 - 79 41 63 = = 63 41
100 100
60 - 69 12 22 P63 = 79.5
f1 = 22
50 - 59 5 10
fp = 41
40 - 49 3 5
c = 10
30 - 39 2 2
100
( )
d.
75n
- f1
( )
a. 100
25n 75th percentile class = 80 - 89 P75 = 1 + c
- f1 fp
10
( )
25th percentile class = 70 - 79 P25 = 1 + c = 79.5 75 - 63
fp 1
P75 = 79.5 + 10
75n 75(100) 30
( )
= 69.5 25 - 22 = = 75
100 100
1
25n 25(100) P25 = 69.5 + 10
= = 25 41 P75 = 83.5
100 100 f1 = 63
P25 = 70.23
f1 = 22 fp = 30
fp = 41 c = 10
c = 10
( )
e.
90n
- f1
( )
b. 100
50n 90th percentile class = 80 - 89 P90 = 1 + c
- f1 fp
100
( )
50th percentile class = 70 - 79 P50 = 1 + c = 79.5 90 - 63
fp 1
P90 = 79.5 + 10
90n 90(100) 30
( )
= 69.5 50 - 22 = = 90
100 100
1
50n 50(100) P25 = 69.5 + 10
= = 50 41 P90 = 88.5
100 100 f1 = 63
P25 = 76.33
f1 = 22 fp = 30
fp = 41 c = 10
c = 10
190 191
21. a. 10 - 2
(iv).P20 = 72.5 + • 3 = 75.5
Score x f cf fx 8
88 - 90 89 1 50 89 17.5 - 14
P35 = 78.5 + • 3 = 79.25
85 - 87 86 7 49 602 14
82 - 84 83 14 42 1162 30 - 28
P60 = 81.5 + • 3 = 81.93
14
79 - 81 80 14 28 1120
76 - 78 77 4 14 308 42.5 - 42
P85 = 84.5 + • 3 = 84.71
7
73 - 75 74 8 10 592
70 - 72 71 2 2 142
50 4015
4015
b. (i). Mean : x = = 80.3
50
Median : Md = 78.5 + ( 25 - 14
14 )3 = 80.86
14 - 14
Mode : Mo = 81.5 + • 3 = 81.5
(14 - 14) + (14 - 7)
14 - 4
Mo = 78.5 + • 3 = 81.5
(14 - 4) + (14 - 14)
12.5 - 10
(ii). Q1 = 75.5 + • 3 = 77.38
4
25 - 14
Q2 = 78.5 + • 3 = 80.86
14
37.5 - 28
Q3 = 81.5 + • 3 = 83.54
14
10 - 2
(iii).D2 = 72.5 + • 3 = 75.5
8
20 - 14
D4 = 78.5 + • 3 = 79.79
14
30 - 28
D6 = 81.5 + • 3 = 81.93
14
40 - 28
D8 = 84.5 + • 3 = 84.07
14
192 193
x 40 470
x = = = 5.71 x = = 47
n 7 10
(ii) middle 50 percent range = P75 - P25 (ii) middle 50 percent range = P75 - P25
middle 50 percent range = x6.75 - x3.25
middle 50 percent range = x7.5 - x2.5
middle 50 percent range = 8.75 - 5.25
middle 50 percent range = 68.5 - 18.5
middle 50 percent range = 3.50 middle 50 percent range = 50.0
194 195
242 2. The mean and standard deviation are increased by the same
(iii) Average deviation: AD = = 24.2
7 number added to each value in the data.
c.
x x-x /x - x/ (x - x)2 4.
172 -11 11 121
175 -8 8 64 Scores f cf x fx x-x f/x - x/ (x - x)2 f(x - x)2
180 -3 3 9 40 - 49 1 1 44.5 44.5 -32.86 32.86 1079.7796 1079.7796
182 -1 1 1 50 - 59 1 2 54.5 54.5 -22.86 22.86 522.5796 522.5796
190 7 7 49 60 - 69 1 3 64.5 64.5 -12.86 12.86 165.3796 165.3796
190 7 7 49 70 - 79 10 13 74.5 745.0 -2.86 28.60 8.1796 81.7960
192 9 9 81 80 - 89 4 17 84.5 338.0 7.14 28.56 50.9796 398.2184
1281 46 374 90 - 99 4 21 94.5 378.0 17.14 68.56 293.7796 1175.1184
21 1624.5 194.30 2120.6776 3422.8716
1281
x = = 183
7 1624.5
x = = 77.36
21
(i) range = 192 - 172 = 20
( )
b.
middle 50 percent range = 15.75 75n
- f1
100 75n 75(21)
46 P75 = 1 + c = = 15.75
(iii) Average deviation: AD = = 6.57 fp 100 100
7 = 79.5
15.75 - 13 1
374 P75 = 79.5 + • 10
(iv) Variance : s2 = = 62.33 4 f1 = 13
7-1
P75 = 86.38 fp = 4
(v) Standard Deviation : s = 62.33 = 7.90
c = 10
196 197
25n
( )
6.
- f1
100 25n 25(21) Preparation
P25 = 1 + c = = 5.25 x f fx cf x-x f/x - x/ f(x - x)2
fp 100 100 Time
5.25 - 3 1
= 69.5 10 - 19 14.5 3 43.5 3 -28.2 84.6 2385.72
P25 = 69.5 + • 10
10 f1 = 3 20 - 29 24.5 5 122.5 8 -18.2 91.0 1656.20
P25 = 71.75 fp = 10 30 - 39 34.5 10 345.0 18 -8.2 82.0 672.40
40 - 49 44.5 12 534.0 30 1.8 21.6 38.88
c = 10
50 - 59 54.5 20 1090.0 50 11.8 236.0 2784.80
Middle 50 percent range = 86.83 - 71.75 = 14.63 50 515.2 7538.0
2135
x = = 42.7
50
f /x - x/2 194.3
c. Average deviation: AD = = = 9.25 a. range = 59.5 - 9.5 = 50
n 21
b. Middle 50% range = P75 - P25
f(x - x) 2
3422.8716
d. Variance : s2 =
n-1
=
21 - 1
= 171.14 Middle 50% range = 49.5 + [ 37.5 - 30
20 ][
• 10 - 29.5 +
12.5 - 8
10
• 10 ]
Middle 50% range = 53.25 - 34
e. Standard Deviation : s = 171.14 = 13.08
Middle 50% range = 19.25
5. 75n 75(50) 25n 25(50)
= = 37.5 = = 12.5
100 100 100 100
a. Range = 2400 - 1400 = 1000
1
= 49.5 1
= 29.5
f1 = 30 f1 = 8
b. Middle 80% range = P90 - P10 fp = 20 fp = 10
c = 10 c = 10
=x
( 90(20)
100
+ 1
2 ) (
-x 10(20)
100
+ 1
2 ) 515.2
c. Average deviation: AD = = 10.30
Middle 80% range = x18.5 - x2.5
50 - 1
1624.5
x =
21
= 77.36 e. 92 - 12 = 80 x = 43.1, s2 = 734.69 s = 27.11
f1 = 45 f1 = O
fx 645
fp = 5 fp = 4 x = = = 21.5
n 30
c = 0.3 c = 0.3
95th percentile class = 5th percentile class = f(x - x) 184
(i) Mean Deviation = = = 6.13
3.0 - 3.2 1.5 - 1.7 n 30
200 201
(ii) 10 - 90 Percentile Range = P90 - P10 151.2
(i) Mean Deviation = = 6.05
25
[ (
10 - 90 Percentile Range = 29.5 +
90(30)
100
- 23
)]
(4) -
[ ( )]
7
90(25)
[ ( )]
10(30) - 20
-0 100
100 (ii) 10 - 90 Percentile Range = 30.5 + (5) -
9.5 + (4) 7
[ ( )]
4
10(25)
-0
10 - 90 Percentile Range = 31.79 - 12.5 100
10.5 + (5)
10 - 90 Percentile Range = 19.29 5
[ ( ) ][ ( ) ]
3(30) 30 10 - 90 Percentile Range = 21.67
- 20 -4
4 4
Quartile Deviation = 25.5 + (4) - 13.5 + (4)
3 6
Quartile Deviation = 28.83 - 15.83 (iii) Quartile Deviation = Q3 - Q1
[ ( )] 3(25)
Quartile Deviation = 13
- 18
4
1464 Quartile Deviation = 25.5 + (5) -
(iv) Variance : s2 = = 48.8 2
[ ( ) ]
30
25
-5
(v) Standard Deviation : s = 48.8 = 6.99 4
15.5 + (5)
6
b.
Class f x cf fx x-x f/x - x/ f(x - x)2 Quartile Deviation = 27.38 - 16.54
11 - 15 5 13 5 65 9.6 48.0 460.80
16 - 20 6 18 11 108 4.6 27.6 126.96 Quartile Deviation = 10.84
21 - 25 7 23 18 161 0.4 2.8 1.12
26 - 30 2 28 20 56 5.4 10.8 58.32 1446
(iv) Variance : s2 =
31 - 35 3 33 23 99 10.4 31.2 324.48 25
36 -40 2 38 25 76 15.4 30.8 474.32
25 565 151.2 1446.0 (v) Standard Deviation : s = 57.84 = 7.61
565
x = = 22.6
25
202 203
c. (iii) Quartile Deviation = Q3 - Q1
Class
30 - 39
f
9
x
34.5
cf
9
fx
310.5
x-x
20.5
f/x - x/ f(/x - x/)2
184.5 3782.25 [ ( ) ]
Quartile Deviation = 59.5 +
3(120)
4
21
- 84
(10) -
[ ( ) ]
40 - 49 32 44.5 41 1424.0 10.5 336.0 3528.0
120
50 - 59 43 54.5 84 2343.5 0.5 21.5 10.75 -9
4
39.5 + (10)
60 - 69 21 64.5 105 1354.5 9.5 199.5 1895.25 32
70 - 79 11 74.5 116 819.5 19.5 214.5 4182.75
80 - 89 3 84.5 119 253.5 29.5 88.5 2610.75 Quartile Deviation = 62.36 - 46.06
90 - 99 1 94.5 120 645.0 39.5 39.5 1560.25
120 6600.0 1084.0 17570.0 Quartile Deviation = 16.3
1446
6600 (iv) Variance : s2 = = 57.84
x = = 55 25
120
A.
x11 = 45 x4 = 35
1.
Semi - interquartile range = 45 - 35 = 10
Range Mean Median Mode
10.
a. 10 11 10 8 f(x - x)2 8.42
a. SD = = = 1.10
n-1 8-1
b. 54 90.625 89 89
814.86
b. SD = = 7.92
c. 4.3 10.06 9.9 10.1 14 - 1
B.
80 + 95 + 92 + 89 + x
2. = 90 , x = 94 11.
5
Weights (x) f fx
3. 21
37 1 37
4. Replace 20 with 22 or 22 with 24. 38 4 152
21 - 23 1 22 22 1 = 5 Mode = 40.375
1
24 - 26 1 25 25 2 2
=3
27 - 29 3 28 84 5 n = 60
30 - 32 4 31 124 9 c = 3
33 - 35 7 34 238 16 d.
36 - 38 7 37 259 23 1st quartile class = 33 - 35
= 32.5
Q1 = 32.5 + ( 15 - 9
7 )
(3)
39 - 41 12 40 480 35 1
n 60 Q1 = 35.07
= = 15
42 - 44 9 43 387 44 4 4
45 - 47 8 46 368 52 f1 = 9
48 - 50 4 49 196 56 fq = 7
51 - 53 3 52 156 59 c = 3
54 - 56 1
60
55
2394
55 60 3rd quartile class = 45 - 47
= 44.5
Q3 = 44.5 + (
45 - 44
8
(3))
1
n 3(60) Q3 = 44.875
= = 45
4 4
2394 f1 = 44
a. Mean Deviation = = 39.9
60
f =8
q
b.
( )
30 - 23 e.
( )
median class = 39 - 41
Median = 38.5 + (3) 3rd decile class = 36 - 38 18 - 16
12 D3 = 35.5 + (3)
1
= 38.5
= 35.5 7
1
f1 = 23 Median = 40.25
3n 3(60) D3 = 36.36
= = 18
fm = 12 10 10
n = 60 f1 = 16
fd = 7
c = 3
c = 3
208 209
6th decile class = 42 - 44
1
= 41.5
D6 = 41.5 + (
36 - 35
9
(3)) 70th percentile class = 42 - 44
1
= 44.5
P70 = 41.5 + (
42 - 35
9 )(3)
9n 9(60) D9 = 49.0
= = 54
10 10
f1 = 52
fd = 4
c = 3
f.
10th percentile class = 30 - 32
1
= 29.5
P10 = 29.5 + ( 6-5
4 )
(3)
Chapter 6 Objectives:
1. Know how to use the fundamental counting principle.
2. Find the number of permutations of n elements.
Permutation, Combination,
6.1
and Probability
Practice Exercises
A. Evaluate.
119
1.
121
2. 4320
3. 20
4. 120
Jacob (Jacques) Bernoulli
5. 6453
Jacob’s most important work was the Ars Conjectandi, which like the paper
of Thomas Bayes was published only after his death (in 1713). With de Moivre’s 6. 394
work of 1718, it is the first major treatise in the field of probability and statistics.
Bernoulli’s legacy, like his life, has an oppositional character. The Ars Conjectandi 7. -5
defines a “frequentist” or objective position as against the “expectation” or subjective
position which has developed from the work of Bayes. Opposition between these two 8. 1
viewpoints still to some extent divides statistics into two hostile camps. One subgroup
of the International Association for Statistics is called the Bernoulli Society.
9. 4320
Bernoulli developed the binomial approach of Pascal, in which the binomial
coefficients of the Arithmetical Triangle have a central place. A coin toss or other
1
trial which can have only one of two outcomes is sometimes called a Bernoulli 10. 3
trial. We have avoided this and similar terms of respect, in the interest of maximum 4
accessibility for beginning readers (for whom these Lessons are intended), but we
gladly acknowledge Bernoulli’s contribution in this separate profile.
212 213
B. Determine whether each event is dependent or independent. 2! 3!
25.
5!
3! 4!
11. independent 26.
5!
12. dependent 5!
27.
2! 3!
13. independent 6!
28.
3! + 3!
14. independent (n + 3)!
29.
n!
15. dependent
n!
30.
n(n - 4)!
16. dependent
20. dependent 1
33.
n+2
34. (n + 2)(n + 1)
Communicating Math page 286
1
35.
n(n - 1)
C. Express the following in factorial notation.
36. (n + 3)(n)
7!
21. 37. n
4!
21! 1
22. 38.
17! n+3
9! n2 + n + 1
23. 39.
6! 3! n-2
25! n+2
24. 40.
21! 4! 2
214 215
Applying and Connecting Math page 287 12!
52. N = = 27720 ways
5! 4! 3!
E. Solve each problem. 53. N = 35 = 243 ways
68. N =
10!
2! 2!
= 907200 Lesson 6.2 Combinations
8!
69. N = = 10080
2! 2!
Objectives:
8!
70. N = = 3360 1. Find the number of combinations of n elements taken
2! 3! r at a time.
14!
74. N = = 2724321600 A. Determine whether each situation involves a permutation or a
2! 2! 2! 2!
combination.
11!
75. N = = 3326400
2! 3! 1. combination
G. Solve for n
2. combination
76. n = 7
3. permutation
77. n = 6
4. combination
78. n = {5 , 6}
5. permutation
79. n = {9 , 10}
6. permutation
80. n = 12
7. combination
81. n = 3
8. neither
82. n = 6
9. permutation
83. n = 9
10. permutation
84. n = 8
11. combination
85. n = 3
218 219
Communicating Math page 292 28. a. N = 10C5 = 252 ways
b. N = 5C3 • 5C2 = 100 ways
B. Solve for n.
29. N = 4C3 • 4C2 • 13C2 = 1872 ways
12. 11
30. a. N = 12C6 = 924 ways
13. 5 b. N = 6C1 • 10C4 = 1260 ways
c. N = 6C3 9C3 = 1680 ways
14. 4
31. a. N = nCr - n
15. 5 N = 10C2 - 10 = 35 diagonals
b. N = 15C2 - 15 = 90 diagonals
16. 7 c. N = 21C2 - 21 = 189 diagonals
21. 8 e. zero
Applying and Connecting Math page 293 33. a. N = 4C1 • 13C5 = 5148 hands
26. N = 12C3 • 6C2 = 3300 committees f. N = 4C1 • 48C4 + 4C2 • 48C3 + 4C3 • 48C2 + 4C4 • 48C1 = 267696 hands
e. 5C3 • 7C3 + 5C3 • 8C3 + 7C3 • 8C3 = 2870 ways e. N = 8C5 = 56 committees
35. N = 50C47 + 50C48 + 50C49 + 50C50 = 20876 ways 41. a. N = 5C2 • 3C1 = 30 ways
e. N = 12C3 • 12C2 + 12C4 • 12C1 + 12C5 • 12C0 = 21252 ways b. N = 13C3 • 13C4 = 204490 hands
37. a. N = 15C3 + 15C4 + 15C5 = 4823 ways c. N = 4C1 • 4C2 • 4C4 = 16 hands
c. N = 14C2 + 14C3 + 14C4 = 1456 ways e. N = 4C1 • 40C3 • 12C3 = 8694400 hands
e. N = 10C10 = 1 subset
Objectives:
45. a. N = 8C4 = 70 selections 1. Define events, sample space, odds, and probability.
2. Find the sample space of a given event.
b. N = 4C4 = 1 selection 3. Determine simple probabilities and the odds of success or
failure.
a. 4 : 1
b. 5 : 6
c. 14 : 3
d. 19 : 2
e. 25 : 7
7
a.
18
17
b.
40
9
c.
11
31
d.
78
224 225
41 e. 18 : 18
e.
54
7. a. 51 : 1
3. State the odds against an event given the probability of the event.
b. 46 : 6
a. 1 : 1
c. 44 : 8
b. 3 : 5
d. 4 : 48
c. 5 : 18
e. 4 : 48
d. 6 : 19
8C2 28
8. a. p = = ; odds = 28 : 50
e. 8 : 43 13C2 78
5C2 10
4. a. 1 : 7 b. p = = ; odds = 10 : 68
13C2 78
8C1 • 5C1 40
b. 6 : 2 c. p = = ; odds = 40 : 38
13C2 78
5. E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
13C5 1287 33
a. 3 : 3 9. a. p = = = ; odds = 66607 : 33
52C5 2598960 66640
b. 4 : 2 4 • 13C5 5148 33
b. p = = = ; odds = 16627 : 33
52C5 2598960 16660
c. 4 : 2 4 • 13C3 • 39C2 847704 2717
c. p = = =
52C5 2598960 8330
d. 3 : 3
odds = 5613 : 2717
e. 5 : 1
b. 10 : 26 B. Solve.
d. 6 : 30 3
b. p(A) =
10
226 227
4 2 8 2
p(B) = = e. p(E) = =
10 5 52 13
5 1
p(C) = =
10 2 3
14. p (vowel) =
3 8
c. p(A) =
20
2 1 1
p(B) = 15. p (alphabetical order) = =
5 5p5 120
21
p(C) = 22 11
40 16. a. p(A) = =
64 32
1 28 7
11. a. p(A) = b. p(B) = =
36 64 16
4 1 14 7
b. p(B) = = c. p(C) = =
36 9 64 32
20 5
c. p(C) = = 4 1
36 9 17. a. p(Q) = =
12 3
10 5
d. p(D) = = 3 1
36 18 b. p(R) = =
12 4
18 1
e. p(E) = = 5
36 2 c. p(S) =
12
12.
1 2 3 4 5 6 2
H 1H 2H 3H 4H 5H 6H 18. a. p(red) =
5
T 1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T 3
b. p(red) =
7
26 1 5 1
13. a. p(A) = =
52 2 c. p(red) = =
10 2
12 3 6 2
b. p(B) = =
52 13 d. p(red) = =
15 5
2 1 4
c. p(C) = =
52 26 e. p(red) =
15
4 1
d. p(D) = =
52 13
228 229
19. Let x = number of boys 22.
x + 2 = number of girls 3 1
a. p(an interior angle) = =
2x + 2 = number of children 6 2
3 1
x+2 2 b. p(an obtuse angle) = =
Equation : = 6 2
2x + 2 3
3 1
c. p(0 < 90o) = =
x=2 6 2
Solution : There are 2 boys and 4 girls, thus she has 6 children. 1
d. p(an acute exterior angle) =
6
20. N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} e. p(a right angle) = 0
6 (6 , 1) (6 , 2) (6 , 3) (6 , 4) (6 , 5) (6 , 6)
x. (A B C)1 = {(1 , 1) , (1 , 2) , (1 , 3) , (2 , 1) , (2 , 2) , (3 , 1)}
a. i. A = {(6 , 1) , (5 , 2) , (4 , 3) , (3 , 4) , (2 , 5) , (1 , 6)}
ii. B = {(1 , 4) , (2 , 4) , (3 , 4) , (4 , 4) , (5 , 4) , (6 , 4) 6 1
b. i. p(A) = =
(4 , 1) , (4 , 2) , (4 , 3) , (4 , 5) , (4 , 6)} 36 6
iii. C = {(4 , 1) , (3 , 2) , (2 , 3) , (1 , 4) , (5 , 1) , (4 , 2) 11
ii. p(B) =
(3 , 3) , (2 , 4) , (1 , 5) , (6 , 1) , (5 , 2) , (4 , 3) 36
(3 , 4) , (2 , 5) , (1 , 6) , (6 , 2) , (5 , 3) , (4 , 4) 30 5
(3 , 5) , (2 , 6) , (6 , 3) , (5 , 4) , (4 , 5) , (3 , 6) iii. p(C) = =
56 6
(6 , 4) , (5 , 5) , (4 , 6) , (6 , 5) , (5 , 6) , (6 , 6)}
2 1
iv. p(A B) = =
iv. A B = {(3 , 4) , (4 , 3)} 36 18
30 5
v. A C = {(4 , 1) , (3 , 2) , (2 , 3) , (1 , 4) , (5 , 1) , (4 , 2) v. p(A C) = =
36 6
(3 , 3) , (2 , 4) , (1 , 5) , (6 , 1) , (5 , 2) , (4 , 3)
(3 , 4) , (2 , 5) , (1 , 6) , (6 , 2) , (5 , 3) , (4 , 4) 11
vi. p(B C) =
(3 , 5) , (2 , 6) , (6 , 3) , (5 , 4) , (4 , 5) , (3 , 6) 36
(6 , 4) , (5 , 5) , (4 , 6) , (6 , 5) , (5 , 6) , (6 , 6)}
30 5
vii. p(A1) = =
vi. B C = {(1 , 4) , (2 , 4) , (3 , 4) , (4 , 4) , (5 , 4) , (6 , 4) 36 6
(4 , 1) , (4 , 2) , (4 , 3) , (4 , 5) , (4 , 6)} 25
viii. p(B1) =
36
vii. A1 = {(1 , 1) , (1 , 2) , (1 , 3) , (1 , 4) , (1 , 5) , (2 , 6)
(2 , 1) , (2 , 2) , (2 , 3) , (2 , 4) , (3 , 5) , (3 , 6) 6 1
ix. (C1) = =
(3 , 1) , (3 , 2) , (3 , 3) , (4 , 4) , (4 , 5) , (4 , 6) 36 6
(4 , 1) , (4 , 2) , (5 , 3) , (5 , 4) , (5 , 5) , (5 , 6) 6 1
(5 , 1) , (6 , 2) , (6 , 3) , (6 , 4) , (6 , 5) , (6 , 6)} x. p(A B C)1 = =
36 6
234 235
Communicating Math page 309 C = {(Off , Low)}
2 1
2. a. p (a letter) = =
10 5 5C3 1
6. a. p (lemon) = =
2 5 7 12C3 22
b. p (a letter or an ad) = + =
10 10 10 7C3 7
b. p (grape) = =
3 5 8 4 12C3 44
c. p (a Bill or an ad) = + = =
10 10 10 5 5 4 7 7
5 1 c. p (lemon, lemon, grape) = • • =
d. p (not an ad) = =
12 11 10 66
10 2 5 7 6 7
d. p (lemon, grape, grape) = • • =
12 11 10 44
238 239
e. p (at least one candy was lemon) 13C2 1
b. p(2 hearts) = =
52C2 17
5 5 4 5 4 3 27
= + • + • • = 26C2
12 12 11 12 11 10 44 25
c. p(2 red cards) = =
1 7 9 52C2 102
f.p (same flavor) = + =
22 44 44 12C2 11
d. p(2 picture cards) = =
3 2 3 52C2 221
7. a. p(GG) = • =
5 4 10 52C13C1 1170
2 1 1 e. p(not a pair) = 1 - =
b. p(BB) = • = 52C2 1326
5 4 10
2C2 1
1 1 1 f. p(2 black kings) =
52C2
=
1326
c. p(same child was late both times) = • =
5 5 25
4C14C1 16 8
d. p(at least one of the children g. p(5 , 10) = = =
2 2 4 52C2 1326 663
who was late was a boy) = • = 13C113C1
5 5 25 169 13
h. p(H , C) = = =
12 11 22 52C2 1326 102
8. a. p(WW) = • =
18 17 51
6 5 5 Applying and Connecting Math page 318
b. p(BB) = • =
18 17 51
22 5 27 9 11. Let x = number of red chips
c. p(same color) = + = =
51 51 51 17 2x + 5 = number of blue chips
Three socks should be pulled out. x 2
= ; x = 10
3x + 5 7
4C3 4
9. a. p(twenty - peso bills) = = There are 25 blue chips
15C3 455
4C1 • 5C1 • 6C1 120 24 12. Let x = votes for D. Reyes
b. p(20 , 50 , 100) = = =
15C3 455 91 x = votes for J. Tiu
4C1 • 5C2 2x = votes for R. Antolin
40 8
c. p(20 , 50 , 50) = = =
15C3 455 91 2x 1
a. p(R. Antolin) = =
6C19C2 + 6C29C1 + 6C3 371 4x 2
d. p(at least one 100) = =
15C3 455 x 1 3
b. p(D. Reyes) = = ; p(D. Reyes does not win) =
4x 4 4
4C2 1 400 4
10. a. p(2 jacks) = = 13. a. p(less than P100) = =
52C2 221 500 5
240 241
100 150 30 5 + 18 + 21 44 11
b. p(P100 , P50) = • = e. p(2 of the 3 subjects only) = = =
500 499 499 100 500 25
250 150 100 1250 48.13
c. p(P20 , P50, P100) = • • = 17. a. p(four of a kind) = = 2.4 x 10-4
500 499 498 41417 52C5
1C17C2 3 4C3 •4C2 1
14. a. p(math dictionary) = = b. p(3 aces , 2 kings) = = = 9.23 x 10-6
8C3 8 52C5 108290
4C23C1 9 13C4 •13C1 143
b. p(2 Geom , 1 Algebra) = = c. p(4 diamonds , 1 spade) = = = 1.38 x 10-9
8C3 28 52C5 39984
4C3 1 12C5 33
c. p(3 Geom) = = d. p(5 face cards) = = = 3.05 x 10-4
8C3 14 52C5 108290
15. p(neither will be alive in 20 years) = (1 - 0.7)(1 - 0.8) = 0.06 4C1 • 13C5 13
e. p(flush) = = = 7.8 x 10-4
52C5 16660
16. 10C1 1
18. a. p(ten correct answers) = = = 9.77 x 10-4
U E 2 10
1024
10C8 45
b. p(eight correct answers) = = = 4.39 x 10-2
210 1024
8
21 10C6 210
M c. p(six correct answers) = = = 2.05 x 10-1
210 1024
5 12 9
10C5 252
18 d. p(five correct answers) = = = 2.05 x 10-1
210 1024
14
10C7 + 10C8 + 10C9 + 10C10
13 e. p(at least seven correct answers) =
210
S
176
=
1024
21 p(at least seven correct answers) = 1.72 x 10-1
a. p(E, M, not S) =
100
12 3 19.
b. p(E, M, S) = =
100 25 a. i. p(E2) = 0.10 + 0.05 + 0.15 = 0.3
13
c. p(not enrolled in any of the 3 subjects) = ii. p(E2) = 0.10 + 0.05 = 0.15
500
9 b. i. p(E1 E2) = 0.05
d. p(Monly) =
100
242 243
ii. p(E1 E2) = 0.10 + 0.05 = 0.15
Chapter Test
c. i. p(E11 E21) = 0.20 + 0.10 + 0.15 + 0.30 + 0.20 = 0.95
A.
ii. p(E 1
1
E ) = 0.20 + 0.15 + 0.30 + 0.20 = 0.85
2
1
1. combination
ii. p(E21 E31) = 0.20 + 0.05 + 0.15 + 0.30 + 0.20 = 0.90 3. combination
5C3 10 2 4. permutation
20. a. p(3 pictures of his children) = = =
15C3 455 91
3C3 5. permutation
1
b. p(3 pictures of his brothers) = =
15C3 455 B.
7C3 35 1
c. p(3 pictures of his parents) = = =
15C3 455 13 1. nP5 = 6720
5C13C1 • 7C1 3 n!
d. p(1 child , 1 brother , 1 parent) = = = 6720
15C3 13 (n - 5)!
5C3 + 7C3 9 n = 8
c. p(3 children’s on 3 parents’) = =
15C3 91
8! 8 • 7 • 6 • 5!
8C5 = = = 56
5! 3! 5! 3 • 2 • 1
2. nP5 = 6(nP3)
n!
(n - 5)!
=6
n!
[
(n - 3)! ]
(n - 3)(n - 4)(n -5)! = 6(n - 5)!
n2 - 7n + 12 = 6
n2 - 7n + 6 = 0
(n - 6)(n - 1) = 0
n = 6 , n = 1
244 245
3. 8Pr = 1680 C.
1. a. P(A or B) = p(A) + p(B) ; (Mutually Exclusive Events)
8!
(8 - r)!
= 1680 4 2
= +
15 3
8 • 7 • 6 • 5 • 4!
(8 - r)!
=8•7•6•5 4
P(A or B) =
15
(8 - r)! = 4!
b. P(A or B) = 0.32 + 0.45 = 0.77
8-r=4
c. P(B) = P(A or B) - P(A)
r=4
= 0.75 - 0.43
6! 13 11
= -
(6 - r)!
=6•5•4 14 13
13(13) - 14(11)
(6 - r)! = 3! =
14(13)
6-r=3 15
=
182
r=3 2. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)(Inclusive Events)
5. 5C3 =
5!
=
5!
= 10 ways Unit
4
(5 - 3)! 3! 2! 3!
2 2 1
6. a. p(RW) = • =
5 4 5
2 1 1
b. p(WW) = • =
5 4 10
2 1 2 1 2 1
c. p(same color) = • + • = =
5 4 5 4 10 5
7. pls. provide
8. 6C3 =
6!
=
6!
=
6•5•4
= 20 triangles
Triangle
(6 -3)! 3! 3! 3! 3 • 2 • 1
9. N = 1 • 25 • 24 • 23 = 13800 words Trigonometry
2 1
10. p (red die shows exactly 5 dots) = or
36 18
and
Achievement Tests
Content Standards:
Chapter 7 Objectives:
1. Relate trigonometric function to the ratio of the
lengths of the sides of a right triangle.
2. Find the unknown measure of angles and sides of
right triangles using these ratios.
A. Solve each right triangle whose measures are given in the table below.
The right angle of the right triangle is at C.
a = c2 - b2 a b
sin A = c sin B = c
b a
b = c2 - a2 cos A = c cos B = c
c = a2 + b2 a b
tan A = b tan B = a
Abraham De Moivre
a b c A B
De Moivre was born in France, but went to England to escape the persecutions 1. 10mm 24mm 26mm 22.63o 67.38o
to which French Protestants were then subject. He thus took his place at the northwest 2. 16cm 12cm 20cm 53.13o 36.87o
corner of the deeply interconnected world in which the science of statistics was
3. 21dm 13.56dm 25dm 57.14o 32.86o
emerging, one insight at a time. He supported himself by teaching, but most famously
as the resident statistician of Slaughter’s Coffee House in London, where the gamblers 4. 10.04m 11.15dm 15m 42o 48o
would pay him to calculate odds for them. Like his friend Isaac Newton, he studied 5. 45km 57.10km 73.09km 38o 52o
the normal distribution curve, and saw that the normal curve was the limit to which 6. 63mm 93.40mm 112.66mm 34o 56o
the binomial curve approaches. He defined the mean and standard deviation for the 7. 13.39cm 23.67cm 27.2cm 29.5o 60.5o
binomial curve as np and r(npq), respectively. This result is now known to posterity as 8. 28.79dm 18.2dm 34.06dm 57.7o 32.3o
the de Moivre-Laplace Theorem. 9. 2.35m 5.02m 5.65m 24.6o 65.4o
Some of his discoveries in this area were later credited to Gauss, by a process 10. 66.56km 74.7km 100.05km 41.7 48.3
known in statistics as Stigler’s Law of Eponymy, and in philology as the Rule of the 11. 230mm 222.49mm 320mm 45.95 44.05
Lesser Attribution. His major publication was The Doctrine of Chance, which existed 12. 5.25cm 11.8cm 12.92cm 23.99 66.01
in draft by 1711, and was published in 1718, with a second edition in 1738. The latter
13. 32.7dm 3.9dm 32.5dm 83.11o 6.89o
also included his limit theorem, which had had its separate first publication in a Latin
pamphlet of 1733. 14. 221.53m 356.83m 420m 31o50’ 58o10’
15. 4.5km 1.25km 4.67km 74o30’ 15o30’
250 251
16. 31.41mm 53.5mm 62.04mm 30o25’ 59o35 29. C
17. 16.53cm 7.61cm 18.2cm 65o18’ 24o42’ AD: tan = 30 = 112
AD , AD = 193.99mm
18. 24.3dm 22.9dm 33.42dm 46o38’ 43o22’ 112m
19. 57.68m 42.3m 71.54m 53.75o 36.25o 30o 45o BD: tan 45 = 112
BD , BD = 112m
20. 25.53km 14.58km 29.4km 60.26o 29.74o A D B
b. y = 3x + 4, m1 = 3
36. a. y = 2x - 1 , m2 = 2
s 2–3 1
sin 36o = /2 1 Perimeter = 5s tan θ = 1+2 (3) = – 7
1 72o 1 = 5 (1.1756)
s = 2 sin 36o θ = – 8.13
s = 1.1756 units Perimeter = 5.88 units
s 40. similar to problem #31
1.5 tano tan 32o
y = tan 320 – tan 27o = 4.14 km
254 255
41. 25o
17.6 45.
tan θ = 24
17.6m m
θ = 36.25 15o 42’ 25”
65o 2 ϕ + θ = 65o
4km θ ϕ n
ϕ = 28.75
5o29’30”
The bearing of the first ship from the 18km
second ship is N28.75o W
n
42. tan 5o 29’ 30” = 18 ,
SM
16.8
θ tan θ = 43.2 , θ = 21.25 n = 18 tan 5o 29’ 30”
GM 52o
m+n
tan 15o 42’ 25” = 18
38o 52o The bearing of the Golden Mariner
43.2km
16.8km m + n = 18 tan 15o 42’ 25”
from the Silver Moon is S73.25o W.
m = 18 tan 15o 42’ 25’’ - 18 tan 5o 29’ 30’’
m = 3.33 km
θ θ = 43.83o
175km
ship
44. A
72
45km θ
tan θ = 45 ,
78o
θ = 58o
168o
The bearing of B from A is 78o - 58o
S 20o W.
72km
Lesson 7.2 Law of Sines 7. 16.3cm 22.97cm 26.98cm 37o 58o 85o 186.49cm2
Practice Exercises 7.2 10. 28km 59km 69.37km 23.45o 57o 99.55o 814.55km2
A. Solve the triangle with the given measure and find its area.
12. 15.1cm 22.73cm 19.3cm 8.32o 134.15o 37o32’ 104.55cm2
a b c 1 1 1
sin A = sin B = sin C ; K= 2 bc sin A, K= 2 ac sin B, K= 2 ab sinC
13. 30.31dm 29.49dm 18dm 75o 70o 35o 256.34dm2
a b c A B C Area
26.
23. A B
102o 25o
65 AB
h=
125 tan 35o35’ tan 44o 45’ 65cm 33. sin 25o = sin 53o
tan 44o 45’ - tan 35o35’ 53o
h
AB = 122.83m
35 35’
o
44 45’ o h = 321.44m C
125m
260 261
28. 32.
36o s 25
5280 tan 19.4o tan 54.8o s sin 72o = sin 36o
h h = tan 54.8o - tan 19.4o
19.4o 54.8o s = 40.45cm
5280ft h = 2473.96 ft
72 o
72
o
P = 105.9cm
25cm
29. 1
1 2
B = sin 45.3o = sin C 33. s
r
1 45.3o r 3
r
2
sin C =
sin 45.3o sin 140o = sin s
2
S = 12.37o
A 1 C C = 20.82 o 140o
R
r T T = 27.63o
3
30.
s
67.5 o
360o 34. m F = 180o - (54o + 31o) = 95o
Interior angle = 8 = 45o
AF 30
sin 31o = sin 95o
7.5m 7.5m 7.5 s
sin 67.5o = sin 45o AF = 15.51 km
45o
s = 5.74m
262 263
35. B C
8 BC 39.
40o o
100
8 sin 40o = sin 100o , BC = 12.26cm
8 5 tan 30o tan 54o
y= tan 54o - tan 30o
B C 8 AC
60o 70o 50
sin 30o = sin 120o , AC = 13.86cm y
36o 60o y = 4.97 km
A 54o 30o
50o 8 8
sin 20o = sin 140o , AB = 15.04cm x 5km
A
40.
s = 5 sin 25o = 2.113m B
12 AB
a = 5 cos 25 = 4.532 m
o
sin 6o = sin 42o , AB = 76.82km
36. 42 o
s
15m sin θ = 15 6o 48o 12 BC
s 5 sin 25o
A sin 6o = sin 132o , BC = 85.31km
5m sin θ = =
132 o
12km
15 42o
θ The hotel distance of the race course
θ = 8.10
b a C is 174.13 km
5 sin 25o
tan 8.10 = b+5 cos25o
o
h = 6.08 km
Objectives:
12 AC
ii. sin 20o = sin 140o , AC = 22.55cm Practice Exercises 7.3
12 BC
iii. sin 42o = sin 96o , BC = 17.84 km Understanding Math page 344
27.
360o
45o interior angles = 8 = 45o
12cm 12cm s2 = 122 + 122 - 2 (12) (12) cos 45o
B
s = 9.1844 cm
362 + 272 - 362
22. cos A = 2 (36) (27) , m A = 67.98o
s P = 8 (9.1844) = 73.48 cm
36 36 m C = 67.98o
m B = 180o - (67.98o + 67.98) = 44.04o
28.
B C BD2 = 62 + 122 - 2 (6)(12) cos 60
A 27 C BD = 10.39 cm
6cm AC2 = 62 + 122 - 2 (6)(12) cos120
AC = 15.87cm
72o 120 Area = (AB) (AD) sin BAD
23. side of the pentagon = 5 = 24cm A 12cm D
r r = (6) (12) sin 60o
360o Area= 62.35 cm2
interior angle = 5 = 72o
24cm r2 + r2 - 242
cos 72o = 2(r)(r) , r = 20.42dm
B
B 29.
m ACD = 90o - 18o = 72o
12m
AB2 = 212 + 122 - (21)(12) cos 108o
22 + 1.52 - 22 AB = 27.22m
2m 2m cos A= 2 (2) (1.5) , m A = 67.98o 108o
24. C
m C= 67.98o 21m
18o
m B = 44.04o A D
A 1.5m C
268 269
B North C
30. 1 knot = 1 nauticaal mile per hour 37. B BC2 = 422 + 582 - 2 (42)58) cos 85o
C
28 knots 15o BC2 = 562 + 462 - 2(56)(46) cos 47o BC = 68.58 km
56 miles 32 o
23 knots 68o 58 km
46 miles BC = 41.69 miles 68o 17
o
A 42 km
125o B
AD2 = 2(10.5) (30)
34. 30 A
13o AB = 421.06 miles AD = 25.06
18 knots
B B
198 miles
850 km B
40. 5 72 + 82 - 52
cos A = 2(7) (8)
7 , m A = 38.21o
OB2=12002+8502-2 (1200)(850) cos 165o 52 + 72 - 82
A
35. 165o OB = 2032.98 km cos B = 2(5) (7) , m B = 81.79o
C D F E A 52 + 82 - 72
1200 km 8 cos C = 2(5) (8) , m C = 60o
0 y y 1
tan 23o46’ = x , x = tan 23o 46’ b. Area = 2 (5) (8) sin 60 = 17.32 sq. units
45 + y 45 + y BD
36. c. sin A = AB
45m tan 29o 2’ = x , x = tan 29o 2’
BD
5o16’ y 45 + y sin 38.21o = 7
y
tan 23 46’
o = tan 29o 2’ BD = 4.33 (Altitude)
23o46’ 45 tan 23o 46’ BE2 = 42 + 72 - 2(4) (7) cos 38.21o, BE, = 4.58 (median)
y = tan 29o 2’ - tan 23o46’
x BF 5
y = 172.75 m In BCF: sin 60 = sin 79.1 , BF = 4.41 ( angle bisector)
270 271
B
41. 12m
111o D AB2 = 252 + 122 - 2 (25)(12) cos 111o Chapter Test
25m 69o AB = 31.37
21o I. Solve what is asked.
A C
B 1.
420 +350 - 180
2 2 2 27
42. 180m 350m cos A = 2(420)(350)
a. tan 32o = b , b = 43.21 cm
m A = 24.98o 27
sin 32o = c , c = 50.95cm
B = 90o - 32o = 58o
C 420m A
107
b. tan 67o = a , a = 45.42 cm
A
43. AC2 = 3.752 + 2.52 - 2(3.75)(2.5) cos 64o35’ 107
C sin 67o = c , c = 116.24cm
42 20’
o AC = 3.5 km A = 90o - 67o 23o
2.5 km
3.75km 22o15’ b
c. tan 33o 30’ = 3.45 , b = 2.28 cm
B
3.45
cos 33o30’ = c , c = 4.14 cm
C A = 90 - 33 30’ = 56o 30’
o o
90ft 15
cos A = 45 , A = 70.53o
B
A
78o a
2. sin 35o 45’ = 150 , a = 87.64m
45.
32 32 6.2
156o 3. tan θ = 9.5 , θ = 33.13o
A C
r 15.2
4. sin 54o = sin 72o , r = 12.93cm
AC = 32 + 32 - 2 (32)(32) cos 156 , AC = 62.6 mm
2 2 2 o
AB 62.6 S r
AB = CB , sin 51o = sin 78o , AB = 49.74 mn 5. sin 45o = sin 67.5o , s = 14.16 cm
P = 113.28 cm
P = 49.74 + 49.74 + 62.6 = 162.08 mm
272 273
6. 1
a 10. Area = 2 , (87) (140) sin 80 = 5997.48 m
o 2
r 5.5
9. sin 70o = sin 40o , r = 8.04 cm
274 275
15. d2 = 102 + 142 - 2 (10(14) cos 75o III.
b 1.
d = 14. 95 cm
a
10 cm
a. sin 15o = 37 , a = 37 sin 15o = 9.58mm
d h
h sin 75o = 10 , h = 10 sin 75o 13 b
b. tan 75o = b , b = tan 75o = 3.48cm
x
14 cm x cos 75o = 10 , x = 10 cos 75o 5 5
c. sin 48.15o = c , c = sin 48.15o = 6.71dm
b = 14 - 2 (10cos 75 )
o
83 79
b. sin 45o = sin B , B = 42.3o
8 8
sin 45o = sin 92.7o , C = 117.25 km
36.87 40
sin 51o = sin Bo , B = 57.47o
36.87 45
sin 51o = sin C , C = 71.53o