ASEC Academy

Eng./ Mohammad Ramadan Mohammad

Inspection Section Head
ASEC Engineering & Management
Misr Qena Cement Co.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 In many cases, however, several factors have to be
considered and weighed against each other when
selecting a bearing type, so that no general rules can be
given. The information provided here should serve to
indicate which are the most important factors to be
considered when selecting a standard bearing type and
thus facilitate an appropriate choice.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
I. Available space
II. Loads
III. Misalignment
IV. Speed
V. Axial Displacement
VI. Mounting and Dismounting
VII. Integral Seals.
VIII. Stiffness
IX. Precision
X. Quiet Running
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
I. Available space
In many cases, one of the principal dimensions of a
bearing is the bore diameter which is predetermined by
the machine’s design and the shaft diameter.
When radial space is limited, bearings with a small cross
section, particularly those with a low cross-sectional
height, should be chosen or when axial space is limited,
bearings with a small cross section, particularly those
with a low cross-sectional in width, should be chosen.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
I. Available space

When Radial Space is Limited.

ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
I. Available space

When Axial Space is Limited.

ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
II. Loads (Magnitude of Load)
The magnitude of the load is one of the factors that
usually determines the size of the bearing. Generally,
roller bearings are able to support heavier loads than
similar sized ball bearings.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
II. Loads (Direction of Load)
For radial load, there are NU and N design cylindrical
roller bearings, needle roller bearings and toroidal roller
bearings can only support pure radial load. All other
radial bearings can accommodate some axial loads in
addition to radial loads “Combined load”.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
II. Loads (Direction of Load)
For axial load, thrust ball bearings and four-point contact ball
bearings are suitable for light or moderate loads that are purely
axial.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
II. Loads (Direction of Load)
For combined load, comprises a radial and an axial load acting
simultaneously. The ability of a bearing to carry an axial load is
determined by the angle of contact α the greater the angle,
the more suitable the bearing for axial loads.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
III. Misalignment
Angular misalignments between the shaft and housing occur,
for example, when the shaft bends (flexes) under the operating
load or operating temperature or when shafts are supported by
bearings in separate housings that are too far apart.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
III. Misalignment
Rigid bearings, i.e. deep groove ball bearings, cylindrical roller
bearings, angular contact ball bearings and taper roller bearings
cannot accommodate any misalignment, or can only
accommodate very minor misalignments.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
III. Misalignment
Self aligning bearings, i.e. self-aligning ball bearings, spherical
roller bearings, toroidal roller bearings and spherical roller
thrust bearings, on the other hand, can accommodate
misalignment.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
III. Misalignment
Thrust ball bearings with sphered housing washers and seat
washers and Y-bearing units can compensate for initial
misalignment arising from machining or mounting errors.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
IV. Speed
Bearing types with low friction and correspondingly low heat
generation inside the bearing are therefore the most suitable
for high-speed operation. The highest speeds can be achieved
with ball bearings in general such as deep groove ball bearings
and self-aligning ball bearings angular contact ball bearings.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
V. Axial Displacement
Shafts, or other rotating machine components, are generally
supported by a locating and a non-locating bearing.
Locating bearings provide axial location for machine component in
both directions and non-locating bearings permit shaft movement
in the axial direction, when thermal expansion occurs.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
VI. Mounting and Dismounting
For bearings with Cylindrical bore are easier to mount
and dismount if they are of separable design rather than
non-separable, particularly if interference fits are required
for both rings.
Separable bearings are also preferable if frequent mounting
and dismounting are required, because the ring with rolling
element and cage assembly of these separable bearings can
be fitted independently of the other ring, e.g. four point
contact ball bearings, cylindrical, needle and tapered roller,
spherical thrust roller bearings, as well as ball and roller
thrust bearings.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
VI. Mounting and Dismounting
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
VI. Mounting and Dismounting
For bearings with Tapered bore can easily be mounted
on a tapered journal or on a cylindrical shaft seat using an
adapter or withdrawal sleeve.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
VII. Integral Seal
Several bearing types fitted with shields or contact seals
on one or both sides. These provide an economic and
space saving solution to many sealing problems.
Bearings with shields or seals on both sides are supplied
already greased and are generally maintenance free.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
VIII. Stiffness
 The stiffness of a rolling bearing is characterized by the
magnitude of the elastic deformation (resilience) in the
bearing under load.
 Generally, this deformation is very small and can be neglected.
In some cases, e.g. pinion bearing arrangements, stiffness is
important.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
VIII. Stiffness
 Because of the contact conditions between the rolling
elements and raceways, roller bearings, e.g. cylindrical or
tapered roller bearings have a higher degree of stiffness
than ball bearings.
 Bearing stiffness can be enhanced by applying preload.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
IX. Precision
 Bearings with higher precision than normal are required for
arrangements that must have high running accuracy (e.g.
machine tool spindle arrangements) as well as those
applications where very high speeds are required.
 There is a comprehensive range of high precision bearings,
including single row angular contact ball bearings, single and
double row cylindrical roller bearings and single and double
direction angular contact thrust ball bearings.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Selection of Bearing Type
 Factors to Be Considered When Selecting Bearing:
IX. Quiet Running

 In certain applications, e.g. small electric motors for

household appliances or office machinery, the noise
produced in operation is an important factor and can
influence the bearing choice.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Types of Bearing Integral Seal
 Bearing with Shields
 Bearings with shields, e used for arrangements where
contamination is not heavy and where no danger of water,
steam. Shields are also used in applications where
reduced friction due to speed or operating temperature
considerations. Shields are made from sheet steel.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Types of Bearing Integral Seal
 Bearing with Shields

Bearing with Shields

ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Types of Bearing Integral Seal
 Bearing with Low Friction Seal
 Bearings with low friction seal, the seals form an
extremely narrow gap with the cylindrical surface of the
inner ring shoulder or recess profile and are practically
non-contacting. This type of seal is adequate for grease
lubricated applications that operate in dry, dust free
environments.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Types of Bearing Integral Seal
 Bearing with Low Friction Seal

Bearing with Low Friction Seals.

ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Types of Bearing Integral Seal
 Bearing with Contact Seal
 Bearings with contact seal, are preferred for arrangements
were contamination is moderate and where the presence
of moisture or water spray, or where a long service life
without maintenance is required.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Types of Bearing Integral Seal
 Bearing with Contact Seal

Bearing with Contact Seals.

ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Types of Bearing Integral Seal
When we compare bearings with shields and bearings with
contact seal, we found the following:

 That there is gap between shield and inner race but there
is no gap between seal and inner race.

 So the bearings with rubber seals is more efficient in

protection from dust, water or moisture than bearings
with shields (Speed of bearings shield = 1.15 speed of
bearings with rubber seal).
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Types of Bearing Integral Seal
When we compare bearings with shields and bearings with
contact seal, we found the following:

 Speed of bearings with rubber seal is less than speed of

bearings with shield because of the friction between
rubber seal and inner race which causes rubber seal
worn-out.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Types of Bearing Integral Seal
When we compare bearings with shields, low friction seal
and bearings with contact seal, we found the following:
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Cage Design, Types & Materials
 Cage Appreciable Influence:
 Keeping the rolling elements at an appropriate distance
from each other and to prevent direct contact between
neighboring rolling elements in order to keep friction and
thus heat generation at a minimum.

 Keeping the rolling elements evenly distributed around the

complete circumference to provide even load distribution
and quiet and uniform running.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Cage Design, Types & Materials
 Cage Appreciable Influence:
 Guiding the rolling elements in the unloaded zone, to
improve the rolling conditions in the bearing and to prevent
damaging sliding movements.

 Retaining the rolling elements, where bearings are of a

separable design and one bearing ring is removed during
mounting or dismounting.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Cage Design
 Pressed Cage:
 Pressed Cage are usually made from sheet steel, but
sometimes also from brass sheet. They offer the advantages
of a light weight, low material cost and more space inside
the bearing which facilitates entry of the lubricant into the
bearing. If manufactured in large numbers, they are
economic in spite of the expensive manufacturing tools.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Cage Design
 Pressed Cage:
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Cage Design
 Solid Cage:
 Solid Cage usually are made from brass, steel, light metal,
plymer or fabric reinforced. They are manufactured either
by machining and by injection moulding of plastic or
polymer materials.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Cage Design
 Solid Cage:
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Cage Materials
 Steel Cages
 Steel cages usually are pressed or machined, these light
weight cages have relatively high strength and can be
surface treated to further improve sliding and reduce
friction and wear.
 Machined cages are used for large-size bearings.
 Steel cages can be used at temperature up to 300 ⁰C and
they are not affected by the mineral or synthetic oil based
lubricants normally used for bearing.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Cage Materials
 Brass Cages
 Brass cages usually are pressed for small and medium sized
bearings and machined for large sized bearings.

 Brass cages can be used at temperature up to 250 ⁰C and

they are not affected by the most of mineral or synthetic oil
based lubricants normally used for bearing.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Cage Materials
 Polymer Cages
 The mechanical properties like strength and elasticity of
polymeric materials are temperature dependent and
subject to permanent changes under operating conditions,
called ageing.

 The most important factors that play a role in this ageing

behavior are temperature, time and the medium (lubricant)
to which the polymer is exposed.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Cage Materials
 Polymer Cages
 The permissible operating temperature for the cage type
Glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6,6 is 120 ⁰C when using
oil without EP additives and 100 ⁰C when using oil with EP
additives.
 Some media are aggressive as ammonia applied as
refrigerant in compressors. In those cases, cages made from
glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6,6 should not be used at
operating temperatures above +70 °C.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Cage Materials
 Polymer Cages
 The cage type Glass fiber reinforced polyamide 4,6 is
another type of polymer cages.

 The cage type Glass fiber reinforced polyamide 4,6 has a

15 °C higher permissible operating temperature than
those made from Glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6,6.
ASEC Academy

BEARING SELECTION
Cage Materials & Types