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Automated Detection with Repellant Device for Plant hoppers

In Paddy Fields using image processing
CSU Vision

Transforming
lives by
Educating for
the BEST.

CSU Mission Student: Cosain, Najya D.

CSU is Date of Submission: December 19,2019

committed
to transform the
lives of people
and
communities
through high
quality
instruction and
innovative
research,
development,
production and
extension.

ENGR. AUDY QUEBRAL

RESEARCH METHOD PROFESSOR
 Cagayan State University – Carig Campus

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CSU Vision TABLE OF CONTENTS

Transforming
lives by
Educating for I. INTRODUCTION
the BEST.

1.1 Objective of the study

II. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

CSU Mission 1.1 Plant hoppers in paddy field
1.2 Methods of Insects Analyzing
CSU is
committed 1.3 Visualization Method for Insect Analyzing
to transform the 1.4 Optical Sensors (Camera) Used to Detect Insects in Farm Field
lives of people
and
1.5 Pests control methods
communities 1.6 Ultrasonic Pest Repellers
through high
quality
1.7 Insect repellant using light attraction
instruction and 1.8 Feature Extraction and Image Processing
innovative 1.9Real Life Application of Image Processing in the Fields of Agricultural
research,
development, Research
production and
extension.

`
III. METHODOLOGY
1.1 Technical Description for Detector
1.2 Flow chart
1.3 Light Trap for Repellant
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Abstract

CSU Vision
Detection of pests in the paddy fields is a major challenge in the field of agriculture;
Transforming therefore effective measures should be developed to fight the infestation while
lives by
Educating for minimizing the use of pesticides. The techniques of image
the BEST. analysis are extensively applied to agricultural science, and it provides maximum
protection to crops, which can ultimately lead to better crop management and production.
Monitoring of pests infestation relies on manpower, however automatic monitoring has
been advancing in order to minimize human efforts and errors. This study extends the
CSU Mission implementation of different image processing techniques to detect and extract insect pests
by establishing an automated detection and extraction system for estimating pest densities
CSU is
committed in paddy fields.
to transform the
lives of people
Experiment results shows that the proposed system provides a simple, efficient and fast
and solution in detecting pests in the rice fields.
communities
through high
quality
instruction and
innovative
research,
development,
production and I. INTRODUCTION:
extension.

Philippines is an agricultural country and agriculture constitutes the largest sector of the
` economy. Majority of the population, directly or indirectly depends on this sector.
Agriculture not only provides food for the human existence, it is also a big source for the
economy of any country. Rice is the most important and a primary source of food in the
Philippines. However, rice may lose its quantity and quality when rice is attacked by
different insect pests. Therefore, it is a top priority to find effective methods to reduce the
level of their infestation in the paddy fields. In agriculture, pest control has always been
considered as the most challenging task for farmers. Most of the farmers used the
traditional pest management methods which is the regular spray program based on
schedules rather than the presence of insect pests on the paddy fields. These chemicals
kill useful insects which eradicate pests in crops.
Due to the rapid development of digital technology, there is an opportunity for image
processing technology to be used in the field of agricultural research which could help the
researcher to solve a complex problem. Image analysis provides a realistic opportunity
for the automation of insect pest detection. This study extends the implementation of
image processing techniques to detects plant hoppers in rice
fields by establishing an automated detection system. Through this system, the device
will detect the plant hopper and directly repel by a light trap, and right pests’
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management can be applied to increase both the quantity and quality of rice production.
Rice infestation may be easily detected and monitored with the use
of a camera.
CSU Vision

Transforming OBJECTIVES:
lives by
Educating for
The Main objectives of the research and development project is to design and develop a
the BEST.
Automated Detection with Repellant for Plant hoppers in Paddy fields using Raspberry
Pi, an electronic control for insects that will help to reduce and eradicate pests infestation.
.
CSU Mission
Specifically, it will seek answers to the following specific objects:
CSU is
committed
to transform the 1. To develop a prototype Image processing plant hoppers detector using Microcontroller
lives of people
and
Unit Programming that will develop a tool for assigning the operation of the device.
communities
through high
quality 2. To create an Algorithms on how to differentiate insects from other images taken by the
instruction and
innovative
camera.
research,
development,
production and 3. To find out the interface between Image processing insect detection and Light trap
extension.
device using relay module.

` 4 To evaluate the level of acceptability of the prototype in terms of:

 Functionality
 Adaptability
 Cost-effectiveness of the materials
 Originality
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II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE:

1.1 Plant hoppers in paddy field
CSU Vision

Transforming
lives by
Educating for
the BEST.

CSU Mission

CSU is
committed
to transform the
lives of people
and
communities
through high
quality
instruction and Two species of planthopper infest rice. These are the brown planthopper
innovative
research, (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal); and the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella
development, furcifera (Horvath). High population of planthoppers cause leaves to initially turn orange-
production and
extension. yellow before becoming brown and dry and this is a condition called hopperburn that
kills the plant.
`
BPH can also transmit Rice Ragged Stuntand Rice Grassy Stunt diseases. Neither disease
can be cured.

Planthoppers can be a problem in rainfed and in irrigated wetland environments. It also

occurs in areas with continuous submerged conditions in the field, high shade, and
humidity.

Closed canopy of the rice plants, densely seeded crops, excessive use of nitrogen,
and early season insecticide spraying also favors insect development.

The feeding damage caused by planthoppers results in the yellowing of the plants. At
high population density, hopperburn or complete drying of the plants is observed. At this
level, crop loss may be 100%.

In field conditions, plants nearing maturity can have hopperburns if infested with about
400−500 BPH nymphs. In the 1970s and 1980s, BPH was considered a threat to rice
production in Asia. BPH also transmit Rice Ragged Stunt and Rice Grassy Stuntviruses..
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At a population density of 400−500 nymphs or 200 adults per plant, WBPH can cause
complete loss of rice plants. Outbreaks of WBPH were reported in Pakistan in 1978,
Malaysia in 1979, and India in 1982, 1984, and 1985.
CSU Vision
To prevent outbreaks of planthopper:
Transforming
lives by  Remove weeds from the field and surrounding areas.
Educating for
 Avoid indiscriminate use of insecticide, which destroys natural enemies.
the BEST.
 Use a resistant variety. Contact your local agriculture office for an up-to-date list of
available varities.
 Critical numbers: At a density of 1 BPH/stem or less there is still time to act in case the
CSU Mission numbers increase.
 Look for BPH daily in the seedbed, or weekly in the field, on stems and the water
CSU is surface. Check each side of the seed bed (or direct-seeded fields). For older rice plants,
committed
to transform the grasp the plant, bend it over slightly, and gently tap it near the base to see if planthoppers
lives of people
and
fall onto the water surface. For transplanted rice look at bases of 10 to 20 hills as you
communities cross the field diagonally. There is no need to scout for BPH or WBPH beyond the milk
through high
quality stage.
instruction and
innovative
 Use light traps (e.g., an electric bulb or kerosene lamp near a light colored wall or over
research, a pan of water) at night when rice is prone to planthopper attack. Do not place lights
development,
production and near seedbeds or fields. If the light trap is inundated with hundreds of BPH, it's a signal
extension.
to check your seedbed or field immediately; then scout every day for the next few weeks.
If farmers monitor on a daily basis anyway, then a light trap is unnecessary.
`
www.knowledgebank.irri.org

1.2 Methods of Insects Analyzing

There are different types of methods for analyzing insects from various crop fields.
Basically, farmer uses visualization method for finding insects in farm fields .But
by only using visualization method, it is difficult to analyze the density of insects.
Whether a processor is used to easily calculate the density of insects in farm field
and analyze which type of insect affects to that farm field.

1.3 Visualization Method for Insect Analyzing

This system is a common method for analyzing insects of a farm field, as this
method is very simple and farmer by himself visits the farm field and analyzes the
insects. In a large area farm field, the farmer has no much more time to visit the
whole field in a single day. So the farmer starts moving whether one side of the
field or may be other side of the field to check the damaged due to insects
(Fig.1).192 C.K. Sahu et al.
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CSU Vision
1.4 Optical Sensors (Camera) Used to Detect Insects in Farm Field
In this technique, camera captures the leaf of the crop and analyzes the color of leaf
Transforming
and detects the infected part of the leaf. The camera is used for capturing the image of
lives by crops and sends that image to a processor which processes the image and detects the
Educating for disease of crops. The camera is fitted with a drone which randomly moves
the BEST. surrounding the agriculturalfield and takes images. The Raspberry-Pi controls the
drone and sends those images to cloud. Local server interprets the data from cloud
and processes the image to analyze the disease and count the density of insects in the
farm field (Figs.2 and 3).
CSU Mission

CSU is
committed
to transform the
lives of people
and
communities
through high
quality
instruction and
innovative
research,
development,
production and
extension.

`
Fig. 1 Visualization method

Fig. 2Sensor-based insects detection

Sensing Technology for Detecting Insects in a Paddy Crop Fi
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1.5 Pests control methods

CSU Vision

Transforming
lives by
Educating for
the BEST.

CSU Mission

CSU is
committed
1.6 Ultrasonic Pest Repellers
to transform the Ultrasonic Pest Repellers are used as substitute for Mosquito coils and liquids to
lives of people
and
avoid inhaling of toxic fumes. It is the non toxic way to repel pests like mosquitoes.
communities As per scientific information and experimental evidences, the animals respond to US
through high
quality
and avoid its presence. Small mammals like Dogs, Cats etc. responds to 22-25 kHz
instruction and US and Rats to 60-72 kHz. Insects like Mosquitoes, Flies responds to 38-44 kHz.
innovative
research,
development,
production and
extension. 1.7 Insect repellant using light attraction
Many works have been recently located in the suburbs, whereby harmful insects to
` the agriculture such as rice insects, leafhoppers, and the like which come flying from
paddy fields, plowed fields, etc. in the circumferences thereof fly to the works being
attracted by lamplights. In this study, the author use light trap for the repellant.

1.8 Feature Extraction and Image Processing

Image processing is the analysis and manipulation of graphical images from sources such
as photographs and videos. There are three main steps in image processing; first,
is the conversion of captured images into binary values that a computer can process;
second, is the image enhancement and data compression; and the third is the output step
that consists of the display or printing of the processed image. Image processing is used
in such applications as satellite weather mapping, machine vision, and computer-based
pattern recognition.
Phinyomark, Limsakul and Phukpattaranont
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1.9 Real Life Application of Image Processing in the Fields of

Agricultural Research
CSU Vision
The target application of this system is the detection of pests on plant organs such as
Transforming leaves. The goal of their work is to define an innovative decision support system for in
lives by
situ early pest detection based on video analysis and scene interpretation from multi-
Educating for
camera data. In this research, they used apriori algorithm to detect white flies and aphids,
the BEST.
and follow a generic approach to design a system that can easily
adapt different categories of bioagressors.

Samantha and Ghosh

CSU Mission

CSU is
committed III. MATERIALS AND METHODS
to transform the
lives of people
and 1.1 Technical Description for the detector
communities
through high
quality A. Camera
instruction and
innovative
The camera will take pictures from different angles and by using the Raspberry-Pi
research, the pictures are sent to the local memory storage. Then from memory storage, the
development,
production and
images are sent to the local server and then to MATLAB, where it 0is processed using
extension. the image-processing tool and the user gets the output.

` B. Raspberry-Pi:
It is used to control the CCTV cameras, and the images captured by the camera which
are stored and then sent through the Raspberry-Pi. The Raspberry-Pi also processes
the image using Open-CV tool.

C. Local Memory Storage

The images captured by the cameras are sent to the memory storage and stored for
retrieval as per requirement.
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1.2 Flow chart

CSU Vision

Transforming
CAPTURE RASBERRY
lives by INSECTS
Educating for
CAMERA PI
the BEST.

CSU Mission

CSU is
committed ON
to transform the INSECTS TRIGGER
lives of people
and
communities
through high
quality
instruction and
innovative
research,
development,
production and
extension.
REPELLANT
`
1.3 Light Trap for Repellant

Light Trap - It is a device used to eradicate plant hopper which is very attracted to light
under paddy fields. We will connect it to the detector using relay board.
The body of the trap is consisted of 10cm diameter and 15cm long plastic drainage pipe.
At the top of the trap a 6 volts rechargeable lamp bulb was fitted in a 1.5cm iron blade . A
6 volt battery was connected to the trap. All plugs were made of stainless stell to prevent
rusting especially when its raining which causes low conductivity and consequently
reduces power input to the motor and the bulb. The voltage of the battery was maintained
at 6 volts by recharging after use. Plant hopper collecting bags were made from white
insect netting material attached to the bases of the trap with the aid of an elastic rubber.