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Q161. A line makes angles  ,  ,  and  with the diagonal of a cube, prove that cos2   cos2   cos2   cos2   .
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Taking LHS
 cos2   cos2   cos2   cos2 
(l  m  n) 2 (l  m  n) 2 (l  m  n) 2 (l  m  n) 2
   
3 3 3 3
1
 [(l  m  n) 2  (l  m  n) 2  (l  m  n) 2  (l  m  n) 2 ]
3
1 2
 [{l  m2  n 2  2lm  2mn  2nl}  {l 2  m2  n 2  2lm  2mn  2nl}
3
 {l 2  m2  n 2  2lm  2mn  2nl}  {l 2  m2  n 2  2lm  2mn  2nl}]
1
 [4l 2  4m2  4n2 ]
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4
 [l 2  m2  n2 ]
3
4
 = RHS Hence Proved.
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Let the sides of cube be : a
Let the Direction Cosine of Line be : l, m, n
DIAGONALS d1 d2 d3 d4
       
VECTORS OF DIAGONALS d1  aiˆ  aˆj  ak d2  aiˆ  aˆj  ak d3  aiˆ  aˆj  ak d4  aiˆ  aˆj  ak
DRs OF DIAGONALS  a, a, a  a, a,  a  a,  a, a  a, a, a
MAGNITUDE OF  a2  a2  a2  a 2  a 2  (a) 2  a 2  (a) 2  a 2  (a) 2  a 2  a 2
DIAGONALS
 3a 2  3a 2  3a 2  3a 2
 3a  3a  3a  3a
DCs OF DIAGONALS a a a a a a a a a a a a
 , ,  , ,  , ,  , ,
3a 3a 3a 3a 3a 3a 3a 3a 3a 3a 3a 3a
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 , ,  , ,  , ,  , ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
DCs OF LINE  l, m, n  l, m, n  l, m, n  l, m, n
ANGLE    
COSINE OF ANGLE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
cos  l m n cos  l m n cos  l m n cos   l  m n
  3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
cos 
b1 .b2
l  m n l mn l m n l  m n
 
| b1 || b2 | cos  cos   cos  cos 
3 3 3 3
(l  m  n) 2 (l  m  n) 2 (l  m  n) 2 (l  m  n) 2
SQUARING BOTH SIDE cos2   cos2   cos2   cos2  
3 3 3 3