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Test Bank #1

Chapter 10
Intelligence
Multiple-Choice Questions

1. According to the text, _____________ is defined as individual differences in the ability to acquire
knowledge, to think and to reason effectively, and to deal adaptively with the environment.
a. divergent thinking
b. intelligence
c. propositional thought
d. convergent thinking
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 333
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.1

2. According to the text, intelligence is best described as a:


a. human trait that can be easily measured, similar to physical characteristics.
b. completely noncontroversial subject.
c. socially constructed concept that can mean different things to different people.
d. characteristic that people from some cultures do not possess.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 333
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.1

3. Early intelligence researcher _____________ observed how intelligence appeared to run in certain
families and contended that this factor must therefore be largely determined by genetic or
biological factors. However, a major shortcoming of this conclusion was that he failed to take the
impact of the environment into account.
a. William Stern
b. Alfred Binet
c. Sir Francis Galton
d. Lewis Terman
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 334
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

4. Early intelligence researcher Francis Galton believed that certain people were occupationally and
socially successful as a result of:
a. being raised in an impoverished environment.
b. the efficiency of their nervous system.
c. a single gene.

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d. liberal-thinking parents.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 334
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

5. Two assumptions made by __________ in his work on intelligence are that mental abilities
develop with age and that the rate of developmental change is relatively constant for a given
individual.
a. Sir Francis Galton
b. Lewis Terman
c. Alfred Binet
d. William Stern
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 335
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

6. Alfred Binet made which of the following assumptions when developing his intelligence measure?
a. The characteristics of successful people are largely determined by heredity.
b. The characteristics of successful people are largely determined by the environment.
c. Mental abilities develop with age and the variable rate of this development is determined by
the environment.
d. Mental abilities develop with age and the constant rate of this development is an internal
characteristic of the person.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 335
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

7. Alfred Binet would be most likely to endorse which of the following statements about
intelligence?
a. The rate at which a person gains knowledge is an internal characteristic of the person and
remains relatively constant over time.
b. The rate at which a person gains knowledge is largely determined by the environment.
c. Chronological age is a better measure of intelligence than is mental age.
d. The characteristics of successful people are largely determined by heredity.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 335
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

8. The concept of “mental age” is most strongly associated with which of the following individuals?
a. David Wechsler

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b. Alfred Binet
c. Francis Galton
d. Howard Gardner
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 335
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

9. Which of the following individuals first adapted Alfred Binet’s intelligence test for use with
American children?
a. Francis Galton
b. David Wechsler
c. Lewis Terman
d. Robert Sternberg
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 336
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

10. The first use of the term intelligence quotient or IQ is generally attributed to:
a. Alfred Binet.
b. William Stern.
c. Lewis Terman.
d. Sir Francis Galton.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 335
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

11. Which of the following formulas was originally used by William Stern to determine a person’s
intelligence quotient?
a. IQ = mental age ÷ chronological age
b. IQ = mental age
c. IQ = (mental age ÷ chronological age) × 100
d. IQ = (mental age ÷ chronological age) ÷ 100
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 335
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

12. One of the reasons that William Stern’s original formula for calculating IQ was abandoned was
that:
a. the ratio worked well for children but not for older adults.
b. the ratio worked well for older adults but not for children.

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c. it failed to take a person’s chronological age into account.
d. it failed to take a person’s mental age into account.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 335
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

13. Which of the following individuals has had the largest impact on modern-day tests of IQ?
a. Robert Sternberg
b. Howard Gardner
c. Lewis Terman
d. David Wechsler
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 336
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

14. Which of the following intelligence researchers thought that intelligence should be measured as a
group of distinct, but related, verbal and nonverbal abilities?
a. Alfred Binet
b. Lewis Terman
c. Arthur Otis
d. David Wechsler
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 336
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

15. Which of the following intelligence tests was given to soldiers who could not read?
a. Stanford-Binet
b. Army Alpha
c. Army Beta
d. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 336
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

16. In contrast to when the first intelligence tests, modern IQ tests provide a score based on norms that
represent a:
a. ratio of a person’s chronological age to his or her mental age.
b. ratio of the person’s mental age to his or her chronological age.
c. person’s mental age.
d. person’s performance relative to the scores of other people his or her own age.

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Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 336
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

17. David Wechsler differed from intelligence researchers before him because he believed that
intelligence should be measured:
a. by both verbal and nonverbal measures.
b. as a ratio of the person’s mental age to his or her chronological age.
c. by only nonverbal measures.
d. by only verbal measures.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 336
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

18. Today, the most popular individually administered intelligence test is the:
a. Stanford-Binet test.
b. Stern’s IQ test.
c. Wechsler’s scales.
d. Army Beta.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 336
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

19. Which of the following attempts to map the structure of intellect and to discover the kinds of
mental competencies that underlie test performance?
a. the cognitive processes approach
b. the psychometric approach
c. the Wechsler approach
d. the standard approach
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 337
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

20. Which of the following attempts to study the processes that underlie mental competencies?
a. the cognitive processes approach
b. the psychometric approach
c. the Wechsler approach
d. the standard approach
Answer: a
Book: Passer

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Difficulty: Low
Page: 337
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

21. If multiple tests of intelligence mathematically “hang together” or cluster together, then
performance on these tests:
a. reflects the same underlying skill.
b. reflects different abilities.
c. is statistically flawed.
d. is unreliable.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 337
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

20. Factor analysis is a:


a. technique used to determine the validity of a psychological test.
b. statistical technique used to determine the reliability of a psychological test.
c. statistical technique that allows a researcher to reduce a large number of correlations to a
smaller number of clusters or factors.
d. technique used to standardize a psychological measure.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 337
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.3

21. An athletic trainer gives five different tests of athleticism to a group of athletes: upper-body
weight lifting, lower-body weight lifting, push-ups, sit-ups, and pull-ups. A factor analysis reveals
that performance on these tests are all highly correlated with each other and cluster onto one
factor. We can conclude that:
a. the tests of athleticism have strong reliability.
b. the tests of athleticism have strong validity.
c. the six tests are measuring a single athletic ability, which we could call “strength.”
d. the six tests are measuring six different athletic abilities.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: High
Page: 337
Style: Applied
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 4.2

22. Results of factor analyses on intelligence tests have revealed that:


a. although verbal and mathematical factors are distinct, they also share something in common,
which has led some to conclude that there is a general mental ability.
b. verbal and mathematical factors are not distinct from each other, which clearly indicates that
there is no general mental ability.
c. verbal and mathematical factors are not distinct from each other, which clearly indicates that

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there is a general mental ability.
d. intelligence tests are culturally biased.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 337
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

23. Charles Spearman noted that performances on different measures of intelligence are highly
correlated with each other. He therefore proposed that:
a. factor analysis is an inappropriate psychometric technique.
b. intelligence cannot be measured by statistical techniques.
c. intelligence is made up of multiple, distinct factors.
d. intelligence is mostly determined by a single factor, which he called the g factor.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 338
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

24. Charles Spearman’s g factor refers to:


a. general intelligence.
b. reliability for intelligence tests.
c. the contribution of genetics to intelligence.
d. multiple intelligences.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 338
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

25. According to Charles Spearman, a person’s ability to do well on a test of mathematical ability and
their ability to do well on a test of verbal ability would:
a. come from separate, distinct types of intelligence.
b. both come from a g factor.
c. be uncorrelated with each other.
d. both come from fluid intelligence.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 338
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

26. Janet recently scored very high on a test of verbal ability. According to Spearman’s g factor:
a. Janet is also likely to score high on other tests of intelligence.
b. Janet is likely to score low on tests of creativity.
c. we cannot determine how Janet will score on other tests of intelligence.
d. Janet is likely to score low on tests of mathematical ability.

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Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 338
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

27. The assertion that intelligence consists of a single general-ability factor was first advanced by:
a. Alfred Binet.
b. Raymond Cattell.
c. L. L. Thurstone.
d. Charles Spearman.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 338
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

28. Charles Spearman’s g factor conception of intelligence and L. L. Thurstone’s primary mental
abilities conception of intelligence are similar in that they:
a. both argued that a single general-intelligence factor was most important.
b. are both examples of the cognitive psychology approach to intelligence.
c. were both based on the same correlations between mental tasks measured by IQ tests.
d. both argued that the various individual mental abilities were the most important.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 338
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

29. Which of the following was mentioned as initially giving rise to L. L. Thurstone’s theory of
primary mental abilities?
a. Thurstone was impressed by the high correlations between mental tasks measured on IQ tests.
b. Thurstone thought that the correlations between mental tasks measured on IQ tests were lower
than would be expected.
c. Thurstone was surprised at the nearly perfect correlations between mental tasks measured on
IQ tests.
d. Thurstone was surprised that there was almost no correlation between mental tasks measured
on IQ tests.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 338
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

30. L. L. Thurstone believed that intelligence was made up of seven distinct abilities, which he called:
a. IQ.
b. g factors.
c. fluid intelligence.

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d. primary mental abilities.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 338
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

31. With regard to fluid and crystallized intelligence, research has concluded that:
a. both fluid and crystallized intelligence appear to decline with age.
b. both fluid and crystallized intelligence increase or remain stable well into late adulthood.
c. fluid intelligence improves or remains stable with age but crystallized intelligence appears to
decline in late adulthood.
d. crystallized intelligence improves or remains stable with age but fluid intelligence appears to
decline in late adulthood.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 339
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

32. Raymond Cattell is most strongly associated with which of the following?
a. the g factor
b. crystallized and fluid intelligence
c. emotional intelligence
d. the intelligence quotient or IQ
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 339
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

33. The ability to apply previously learned knowledge to current problems, which involves both
verbal reasoning and factual knowledge, is called:
a. crystallized intelligence.
b. fluid intelligence.
c. psychometric intelligence.
d. deductive intelligence.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 339
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

34. All of the following are examples of tests that measure fluid intelligence, EXCEPT:
a. the Tower of Hanoi problem.
b. the functional fixedness candle-on-the-wall problem.
c. a vocabulary test.
d. the crow and the trains problem.

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Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 339
Style: Applied
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

35. The data that J. B. Carroll used to develop his three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities:
a. were collected in 1993, using new tests to measure cognitive abilities.
b. included measures of cognitive abilities that had never been used before.
c. came from more than 460 studies conducted around the world since 1935.
d. could not be factor-analyzed.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 340
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

36. J. B. Carroll developed his three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities in order to:
a. create a completely new way to think about intelligence.
b. synthesize findings from prior research on intelligence.
c. disprove Spearman’s theory of a general intelligence (g) factor.
d. support Thurstone’s theory of primary mental abilities.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 340
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

37. The broad abilities at the second stratum of Carroll’s three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities
include basic cognitive functions such as memory and learning, perceptual abilities, and speed of
mental functioning. These functions are most similar to:
a. Thurstone’s primary mental abilities.
b. Spearman’s g.
c. Cattell’s crystallized and fluid intelligences.
d. Gardner’s multiple intelligences.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 338-340
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

38. The first stratum of Carroll’s three-stratum model contains __________ that feed(s) into the
broader second-stratum factors.
a. nearly 70 highly specific cognitive abilities
b. eight broad intellectual factors
c. a g factor
d. emotional intelligences
Answer: a

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Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 340
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

39. The ____________ approach to intelligence attempts to study the structure of the intellect and is
interested in determining such things as the number of mental abilities responsible for test
performance.
a. cognitive processes
b. “intelligence is what intelligence tests measure”
c. psychometric
d. internal consistency
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 337
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

40. Researchers who are affiliated with the “cognitive processes approach” to intelligence:
a. argue that intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure.
b. study the specific thought processes that underlie mental abilities.
c. want to determine how many different kinds of mental abilities underlie test performance.
d. are interested in studying the basic structure of the intellect.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 338
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

41. Howard Gardner is to Robert Sternberg as:


a. multiple intelligences is to cognitive processes.
b. g factor is to multiple intelligences.
c. fluid intelligence is to crystallized intelligence.
d. biology is to environment.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 341-342
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

42. Psychometrics is the:


a. study of the phenomenological sense of space.
b. study of mental abilities.
c. study of divergent thinking.
d. statistical study of psychological tests.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low

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Page: 337
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.3

43. All of the following are components in Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence,
EXCEPT:
a. metacomponents
b. performance components
c. visual-spatial components
d. knowledge-acquisition components
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 341
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

44. In Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence, the higher-order processes used to plan and
regulate task performance is/are called:
a. practical intelligence.
b. metacomponents.
c. mental competencies.
d. crystallized intelligence.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 341
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

45. According to Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence, the environment may place
demands on people that call for three different manifestations of intelligence called:
a. mathematical, linguistic, and visual-spatial.
b. musical, bodily-kinesthetic, and personal.
c. crystallized, analytical, and fluid.
d. analytical, practical, and creative.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 341
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

46. According to Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence, ___________ allow us to learn
from our experiences, store information in memory, and combine new insights with previously
acquired information.
a. performance components
b. knowledge acquisition components
c. practical intelligence
d. meta-components
Answer: b
Book: Passer

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Difficulty: Low
Page: 341
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

47. Which of the following examples of Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences is measured by
standard or more traditional intelligence tests?
a. musical
b. visual-spatial
c. bodily-kinesthetic
d. personal
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 342
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

48. Compared to other existing theories of intelligence, Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple
intelligences is most unique in that he:
a. argues that additional abilities such as musical talents and interpersonal skills should also be
considered part of intelligence.
b. believes that intelligence consists of several distinct abilities.
c. asserts that there are only three different types of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, and
visual-spatial.
d. believes that a general g factor is largely responsible for intelligence.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 342
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

49. A critic of Howard Gardner’s approach to intelligence would be most likely to question the
validity of which of the following?
a. linguistic intelligence
b. visual-spatial intelligence
c. naturalistic intelligence
d. logical-mathematical intelligence
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 342
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

50. The ability to accurately read and effectively respond to the reactions of other people or yourself is
considered to be an essential part of:
a. social intelligence.
b. emotional intelligence.
c. interpersonal intelligence.
d. empathic intelligence.

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Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 343
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

51. Bob is rather gifted socially. He is very good at reading the behavioral cues that people generate
and responds effectively to these cues. Bob has many close friends and is generally well liked by
those who know him. In addition, Bob is also good at motivating himself and taking care of his
personal needs. These qualities suggest that Bob would most likely score highly on a measure of:
a. visual-spatial intelligence.
b. mathematical intelligence.
c. linguistic intelligence.
d. emotional intelligence.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 343
Style: Applied
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 4.4

52. The concept of emotional intelligence is most strongly related to which of the following?
a. Robert Sternberg’s concept of creative intelligence
b. Howard Gardner’s concepts of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence
c. L. L. Thurston’s concept of primary mental abilities
d. Charles Spearman’s g factor
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 343
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

53. Which of the following is NOT one of the four branches of emotional intelligence?
a. emotional expression
b. emotional perception
c. understanding emotions
d. managing emotions
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 343
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

54. Which of the following is a current criticism of emotional intelligence?


a. Emotional intelligence does not predict important outcomes such as success in marriage and
career.
b. Measurements of emotional intelligence show poor reliability.
c. Emotional intelligence is not a form of intelligence and should be called “emotional
competence.”

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d. Measurements of emotional intelligence in which a person is simply asked to rate their
competency in emotional areas predict important outcomes such as depression and anxiety
better than more objective measures of emotional intelligence.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: High
Page: 344
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

55. Which of the following types of intelligence has been proposed as the ability to understand who
one is and who one wants to be?
a. emotional intelligence
b. personal intelligence
c. musical intelligence
d. kinesthetic intelligence
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 343
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

56. The Wechsler intelligence tests provide five summary scores. Which type of summary score is
calculated by adding up the scores on all of the separate subtests?
a. verbal
b. intrapersonal
c. performance
d. full-scale
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 344
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

57. Which of the following is most likely to be true of a person who has some index scores that are
lower than their other index scores?
a. They probably received an excellent education.
b. Their overall IQ score underestimates their capabilities.
c. Their overall IQ score overestimates their capabilities.
d. They have experienced some kind of brain damage.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 344-345
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

58. The __________ of the Stanford-Binet IQ test provide only a single IQ score based mainly on
verbal items, but the __________ measure a range of abilities, providing separate scores for
Verbal Reasoning, Abstract/Visual Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, and Short-Term Memory.

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a. original versions; current versions
b. adult versions; children’s versions
c. current versions; original versions
d. children’s versions; adult versions
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 345
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

59. Which of the following types of tests involves assessing what the person already knows?
a. achievement tests
b. aptitude tests
c. analytical tests
d. psychological tests
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 345
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

60. Which of the following uses a method for measuring individual differences related to some
psychological concept or construct?
a. aptitude test
b. achievement test
c. psychological test
d. analytical test
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 346
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

61. Tests that contain novel problems that presumably measure a person’s potential for future learning
and performance are called __________ tests.
a. psychological
b. aptitude
c. achievement
d. deductive reasoning
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 345
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

62. Even though they are good predictors of performance in similar situations, one of the arguments
against __________ tests is that this type of testing makes the assumption that everyone has had
the same chance to learn the material being tested.

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a. aptitude
b. internally consistent
c. achievement
d. psychological
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 345
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

63. In theory, _____________ tests are assumed to be fairer than ____________ tests because the
former are thought to depend less on prior learning and to more accurately measure a person’s
ability.
a. aptitude; achievement
b. achievement; aptitude
c. achievement; psychological
d. psychological; aptitude
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 346-347
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

64. An intelligence test is typically thought of as being:


a. almost entirely an achievement test.
b. almost entirely an aptitude test.
c. part achievement test and part aptitude test.
d. neither achievement test nor aptitude test.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 345
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

65. When we refer to a test as having strong ___________, we are essentially saying that the test has
good consistency.
a. predictive validity
b. reliability
c. construct validity
d. content validity
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 346
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

66. If the individual items on a test are all highly correlated with one another, then the test has high:
a. internal consistency.

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b. test-retest reliability.
c. interjudge reliability.
d. content validity.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 347
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

67. Dr. Johnson has developed a new psychological test and after conducting some special tests on the
test itself, she has determined that all of the items on the test appear to be measuring the same
psychological concept. Thus, we would say that her new test has strong or high:
a. test-retest reliability.
b. content validity.
c. interjudge reliability.
d. internal consistency.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 347
Style: Applied
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 4.4

68. Suppose you take a psychological test and receive a score of 82 (out of a possible 100) on it.
Imagine that you take the same test again two days later and this time you receive a score of 46.
Other people who have taken the test twice have also had similar positive and negative changes in
scores. These results mean that this test has:
a. low internal consistency.
b. high internal consistency.
c. low test-retest reliability.
d. high test-retest reliability.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 347
Style: Applied
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 4.4

69. You are helping a friend find a new car. You go to a dealership and you each test-drive the same
car. After you are done with the test-drive, you decide to compare notes on what you each thought
of the car. Your friend loved the car and raved about all its special features. You, on the other
hand, didn’t think very much of the car and you strongly encourage your friend not to buy it. This
example is most relevant to which of the following concepts?
a. test-retest reliability
b. internal consistency
c. interjudge reliability
d. construct validity
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: High
Page: 347
Style: Comprehension

18
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

70. All of the following are different types of validity measurements associated with intelligence tests,
EXCEPT:
a. construct validity.
b. ecological validity.
c. content validity.
d. criterion-related validity.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 347
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

71. The extent to which a measure is consistent is referred to as _____________, whereas the extent to
which a measure actually measures the construct it is intended to measure is called ___________.
a. fluid state; crystallized state
b. rigor; vigor
c. reliability; validity
d. validity; reliability
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 347
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

72. Dr. Delaye has developed a new test for math ability but because the test relies heavily on word
problems, the test is actually a better measure of verbal comprehension. Because this test doesn’t
measure the concept that Dr. Delaye originally intended it to, we would say that this test has poor:
a. test-retest reliability.
b. internal validity.
c. predictive validity.
d. construct validity.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 347
Style: Applied
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 4.4

73. The concept of __________ refers to how well a test measures what it is intended to measure, and
____________ specifically assesses whether the items on a test measure all the knowledge or
skills that are assumed to be part of the construct measured by a test.
a. validity; content validity
b. validity; construct validity
c. reliability; internal consistency
d. validity; predictive validity
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium

19
Page: 347
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

74. SAT scores are typically used to __________ the criterion grades you will receive in college.
a. solidify
b. construct
c. facilitate
d. predict
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 347-348
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

75. Researchers have observed average correlations around ____ between SAT scores and college
grades.
a. .50
b. .80
c. .40
d. .90
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 348
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.3

76. Using IQ test scores to predict grades, intelligence researchers have obtained positive correlations
of about _____ for high school students and slightly lower correlations for college students.
a. .20
b. .30
c. .60
d. .80
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 348
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.3

77. Which of the following statements regarding the predictive use of intelligence tests is TRUE?
a. IQ tests are not significantly correlated with job performance or academic success.
b. IQ tests correlate .50 to .70 with the level of socioeconomic status that people attain in
adulthood.
c. IQ tests do a better job of predicting satisfaction than they do predicting job performance.
d. IQ tests predict job performance and academic success equally well.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 348

20
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.3

78. Which of the following was NOT listed in your text as being correlated with IQ scores?
a. job performance
b. income
c. longer life expectancy
d. political conservatism
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 348
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

79. Carrie takes a Wechsler intelligence test and receives a verbal IQ of 115 by comparing her
responses to responses obtained from thousands of other people her age. This ability to derive
Carrie’s IQ is most strongly associated with which psychometric property of tests?
a. reliability
b. validity
c. internal consistency
d. standardization
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 348-349
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

80. A bell-shaped distribution with most scores clustering around the center of the curve is called a
_______________ distribution.
a. normal
b. skewed
c. biased
d. standard
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 349
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.3

81. Standardization refers to:


a. the development of norms and rigorously controlled testing procedures.
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffff. converting individual scores to be within two standard deviations from
the mean.
l. converting mean scores into a mode score.
rrrr. giving test administrators the flexibility needed to meet the needs of specialized test-takers.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 348-349

21
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

82. A teacher wants to measure the intelligence of her students using a standardized IQ test. What
percentage of her class should she expect to have scores above 100?
a. 33%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 67%
Answers: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 349
Style: Applied
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 4.4

83. A well-controlled testing environment that limits the effects of extraneous factors on test scores is
most relevant to establishing which of the following?
a. content validity
b. standardization
c. construct validity
d. internal consistency
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 348-349
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

84. Norms are most relevant to which of the following concepts?


a. standardization
b. construct validity
c. internal consistency
d. predictive validity
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 349
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

85. Which of the following statements regarding the process of standardization is most accurate?
a. It involves determining how consistent a test is and whether it actually measures what it is
supposed to measure.
b. It involves creating well-controlled testing conditions and determining the consistency of a
test.
c. It involves judging if a test actually measures what it is supposed to and determining norms.
d. It involves creating well-controlled testing conditions and the collection of norms.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 348-349

22
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

86. The traditional midpoint of the distribution of IQ scores is 100. Because of the Flynn effect or
“rising curve” effect, this midpoint:
a. had to be moved up to 128 to accommodate improved test performance since 1910.
b. has to be moved down by about 3 points per decade.
c. remains at 100, but the IQ score distribution has to be recalibrated upward periodically.
d. is no longer at the exact center of the distribution.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 349
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 4.4

87. According to the Flynn effect, IQ scores in the Western world have:
a. been increasing at a rate of 3 points per decade.
b. remained constant over the last 50 years.
c. been decreasing at a rate of 3 points per decade.
d. been decreasing at a rate of 3 points per year.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 349
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

88. Which of the following is the LEAST likely explanation for the Flynn effect?
a. better nutrition
xxxxxxx. genetic adaptations
ddddddddddd. technological advances
jjjjjjjjjjjjjj. more complex learning environments
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 349
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

89. One reason modern IQ tests are standardized with current norms is because of the __________
effect, an increase over time in the average intelligence scores of individuals in Western cultures.
a. Wechsler
ppppppppppppppppp. Sternberg
vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv. Binet
bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb. Flynn
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 349
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence

23
APA Goal: 1.2

90. Testing that involves observing how participants use feedback information to improve
performance is called __________ testing.
a. static
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. dynamic
nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn. feedback
ttt. intelligence
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 350
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

91. In testing, one way to compensate for differences students may have had in learning opportunities
is to use __________ testing.
a. untimed
zzzzzz. static
ffffffffff. dynamic
lllllllllllll. feedback
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 350
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

92. The goal in static testing is to:


a. watch how test takers use feedback.
rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr. measure increases in performance.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. keep test takers from cheating.
ddddddddddddddddddddddd. standardize test-taking situations.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 350
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

93. The Stanford-Binet and WAIS intelligence scales are examples of __________ tests.
a. static
jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj. feedback
ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp. dynamic
vv. achievement
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 350
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

24
94. According to the theory of successful intelligence, __________ is considered a fundamental
mental skill.
a. the development of potential solutions
bbbbbb. a good vocabulary
hhhhhhhhh. reading comprehension
nnnnnnnnnnnn. short-term memory span
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 350-351
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

95. Why are current intelligence tests not suitable for non-Western cultures?
a. Reluctance by the non-Western governments to adopt intelligence tests.
ttttttttttttttt. The educational systems and intelligence skills needed in non-Western cultures
differ greatly from those of Western cultures.
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz. The Flynn effect.
ffffffffffffffffffffff. Translating the tests into other languages has proven too difficult.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 351
Style: Applied
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 4.4

96. Robert Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence states that:


a. intelligence tests are reliable predictors of academic and occupational success.
lllllllllllllllllllllllll.intelligence is whatever is required to meet the adaptive demands of a given
culture.
rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr. fluid intelligence is more important than crystallized intelligence in
rural settings.
x. IQ tests only measure intellectual potential and it is up to the individual to develop this
potential.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 350-351
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

97. Raven Progressive Matrices are designed to measure:


a. fluid intelligence
ddddd. crystallized intelligence
jjjjjjjj. creativity
ppppppppppp. verbal abilities
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 351
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

25
98. PET scans of people taken while they are solving problems have revealed that the brains of highly
intelligent people consumed __________ glucose, suggesting that their brains were working
______ than the brains of people with average intelligence.
a. more; more efficiently
b. more; faster
c. less; more efficiently
d. less; faster
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 352
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal:

99. Which of the following statements regarding the underlying biology of intelligence most
accurately summarizes the results of modern brain research?
a. Brain size is much more strongly associated with intelligence than brain efficiency.
b. Brain efficiency is much more strongly associated with intelligence than brain size.
c. Both brain size and brain efficiency are strongly associated with intelligence.
d. Neither brain size nor brain efficiency are strongly associated with intelligence.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 352
Style: Applied
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 4.4

100. Current research correlating brain size with intelligence is counter to findings proposed by
__________.
a. Binet
vvvvvvvvvvvvvv. Skinner
bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb. Sternberg
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Galton
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 352
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

101. Which of the following may be a key neural factor underlying differences in intelligence?
a. brain plasticity
nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn. number of neurons
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttt. brain size
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz. brain efficiency
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 352
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

26
102. Women tend to have smaller brains than men, but based on research on brain size and intelligence,
we can conclude that:
a. Women are more intelligent than men.
ffff. Men are more intelligent than women.
lllllll. Women are just as intelligent as men.
rrrrrrrrrr.Men are less intelligent than women.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 352
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

103. Which of the following statements regarding the similarity of IQ between twins is FALSE?
a. The correlation for identical twins raised together is higher than for identical twins raised
apart.
b. The correlation for identical twins raised apart is higher than for fraternal twins raised
together.
c. The correlation for fraternal twins raised together is higher than for siblings raised together.
d. The correlation for fraternal twins raised together is higher than for identical twins raised
apart.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 353
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

104. The fact that identical twins have more similar IQs than fraternal twins indicates that intelligence
is strongly influenced by ___________, and the fact that twins raised together have more similar
IQs than those raised apart ______________ play an important role.
a. the environment; also shows that environmental factors
b. the environment; shows that genetics
c. genetics; shows that environmental factors
d. genetics; also shows that genetics
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 353
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

105. While children placed in ____________ home environments typically show a gradual increase in
IQ around 10 to 12 points; children who remain in ______________ home environments, either
stay the at the same IQ or actually show declines in IQ.
a. middle- or upper-class; impoverished
xxxxxxxxxxxxx. impoverished; lower-class
ddddddddddddddddd. impoverished; middle- or upper-class
jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj. lower-class; middle- or upper-class
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium

27
Page: 354
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

106. The Smiths recently adopted two unrelated children, John and Emily. Both children were raised in
orphanages. Emily was raised in an upscale orphanage with good access to educational materials
and programs. John was raised in a more deprived environment. After their adoption, Mrs. Smith,
who is a teacher, spends several hours each day with the children, interacting with and reading to
them. Which of the following changes might we most expect to see in terms of how John’s IQ and
Emily’s IQ would change as a function of living with the Smiths?
a. Neither John nor Emily will show increases on IQ tests.
ppppppppppppppppppppppp. Both John and Emily will show increases on IQ tests.
vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv. Emily will show an increase on IQ tests, but John will not.
bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb. John will show an increase on IQ tests, but Emily
will not.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: High
Page: 354
Style: Applied
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 4.4

107. Head Start was a program designed to do which of the following?


a. to hold educators accountable for deficits in annual tests scores
b. to attempt to compensate for the limited learning environments of disadvantaged children
c. to increase voter approval for the president’s administration at that time
d. to increase pay to new teachers entering the workforce after completing college education
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 355
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

108. An evaluation of the Abecedarian Program, an early childhood intervention, found that compared
to program participants, control participants:
a. scored similarly on IQ tests after receiving a special program from ages 5 to 8.
hhh. performed similarly on IQ tests after the initial intervention.
nnnnnn. scored lower on IQ tests even after receiving a special program from ages 5 to 8.
ttttttttt. scored higher on IQ tests after receiving a special program from ages 5 to 8.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 355
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

109. Which of the following was NOT an advantage afforded to the children in the early education
programs compared to those in the control group?
a. they exhibited lower crime rates
b. they required less welfare
c. they showed poorer academic performance

28
d. they had higher incomes
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 355
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

110. __________ bias refers to a test that underestimates a person’s true intellectual ability, whereas
__________ bias refers to a test that looks at criterion measures for some groups but not for
others.
a. Predictive; reliability
zzzzzzzzzzzz. Predictive; outcome
ffffffffffffffff. Outcome; reliability
lllllllllllllllllll. Outcome; predictive
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 357
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

111. According to recent statistics, children from which country/geographical area have the highest
mean IQs?
a. the United States
b. Europe
c. Japan
d. India
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 356
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

112. __________ children who have become acculturated to the United States score at about the same
level as white American children on IQ tests.
a. Japanese American
b. African American
c. European
d. Hispanic
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 356
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

113. Research on the predictive validity of IQ tests has revealed that these tests:
a. predict the academic performance of minority students as well as they predict the performance
of white students.

29
b. predict the academic performance of minority students somewhat better than they predict the
performance of white students.
c. predict the academic performance of minority students less well than they predict the
performance of white students.
d. are generally unable to predict the academic performance of minority students.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 357
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

114. Even though African American students as a group score _________ on IQ tests as/than white
0students, the test ________ predict academic performance equally well for both ethnic groups.
a. roughly the same; still does
b. slightly higher; still does
c. slightly lower; still does
d. slightly lower; does not
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 357
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

115. Which of the following statements regarding ethnic and racial differences in mean IQ scores is
TRUE?
a. The vast majority of white students have IQ scores that are higher than the average Asian
student’s.
b. IQ scores predict the academic performance of minority students as well as they predict the
performance of white students.
c. When IQ test questions that appear to be culturally biased are not considered, minority
students have roughly the same IQ score as white students.
d. Differences between ethnic groups on IQ scores appear to be statistical anomalies and aren’t
actually valid.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 357
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

116. Research on IQ differences between African American and white students indicates that:
a. the difference between mean IQ scores has been shrinking during the past 25 years.
b. the difference between mean IQ scores has been increasing during the past 25 years.
c. the difference between mean IQ scores has remained unchanged during the past 25 years.
d. it is impossible to compare changes in IQ scores between the two ethnic groups because the
IQ tests have changed so much during that time.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 357
Style: Knowledge

30
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

117. The fact that IQ differences between black and white students has ____________ in recent years is
generally taken as evidence that this difference may largely be a result of ____________ factors.
a. decreased; unchangeable genetic
b. increased; unchangeable genetic
c. remained the same; changeable environmental
d. decreased; changeable environmental
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 357
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

118. Meredith Phillips (1998), who studied the families of African American and white children, has
proposed that _____________ factors may account for __________ of the mean IQ score
differences between these two ethnic groups.
a. environmental; one-quarter
b. environmental; two-thirds
c. environmental; one-third
d. genetic; three-quarters
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 357
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

119. You take a bag full of corn seeds and plant them in two different areas. In one area, you take extra-
special care of the plants, watering and fertilizing regularly, whereas you neglect the other area,
only watering and fertilizing it occasionally. When you check back in the fall after your small
crops have grown, you notice some variation in the heights of the corn. Within each plot, you
notice that some cornhusks are taller than others. You also notice that on average, the cornhusks in
your well-tended crop are taller than in your neglected crop. Which of the following statements
about the differences you notice in your crops is most accurate?
a. The differences within crops are a result of environmental factors, whereas the differences
between crops are a result of genetics.
b. The differences within crops are a result of genetic factors, whereas the differences between
crops are a result of environmental factors.
c. The differences within crops and between crops both appear to be a result of genetic factors.
d. The differences within crops and between crops both appear to be a result of environmental
factors.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: High
Page: 358
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

120. Research on gender differences in cognitive skills has revealed that men tend to score slightly
higher on tests of _____________, whereas women tend to perform better on tests of

31
_______________.
a. verbal fluency and mathematical reasoning; certain spatial abilities and mathematical
calculation
b. mathematical reasoning and mathematical calculation; certain spatial abilities and verbal
fluency
c. certain spatial abilities and mathematical reasoning; verbal fluency and mathematical
calculation
d. verbal fluency and mathematical calculation; certain spatial abilities and mathematical
reasoning
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 358
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

121. Environmental explanations of the differences in cognitive abilities between men and women
would most likely focus on the role of:
a. socialization.
b. brain development.
c. hormones.
d. genetics.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 358
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

122. According to the text, biological explanations for gender differences in cognitive abilities have
increasingly focused more and more attention on the impact of ___________ on the developing
brain and on current cognitive performance.
a. socialization
b. teratogens
c. neurotransmitters
d. hormones
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 358-359
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

123. Assume that an “expert” tells a teacher that a particular student is going to be a “late bloomer”
during the coming school year and that he should expect this student to be doing very well by the
end of the year. At the conclusion of the school year, it turns out that this student is doing much
better academically. Further assume that the initial “late bloomer” label given by the expert was a
hoax and the expert had no actual basis for making this determination. This example would then
best demonstrate how____________ can impact academic performance.
a. self-beliefs (e.g., the student’s beliefs about herself)
b. beliefs about other people
c. stereotype threats
d. genetics

32
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 359
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

124. Claude Steele’s (1997) research on the impact of stereotype threat demonstrated how
____________ can ___________ impact performance on cognitive tests.
a. the beliefs of a significant person; negatively
b. the beliefs of a significant person; positively
c. self-beliefs; negatively
d. self-beliefs; positively
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 359
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

125. According to researcher Claude Steele (1997), people who believe that their behavior could
confirm negative, group-specific stereotypes held by others may be vulnerable to what he calls:
a. expectation anxiety.
b. ethnic or gender labeling.
c. stereotype threat.
d. the self-fulfilling prophecy.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 359-360
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

126. Claude Steele (1997) asserts that the performance of ethnic or gender group members on cognitive
tests may be _____________ by the presence of a stereotype threat, which is assumed to influence
performance by increasing _____________.
a. negatively impacted; anxiety
b. negatively impacted; depressive symptoms
c. negatively impacted; feelings of hopelessness
d. facilitated; effort
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 360
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

127. Dr. Roberts is a professor teaching an introductory psychology class. After many years of
teaching, she has noticed that men tend to do slightly less well than women on the first exam in
her course. She mentions this fact in passing before she hands out the first exam to try to allay any
future concerns that could come up when the men see their scores. Based on the research
conducted by Claude Steele on stereotype threat, we would expect that:

33
a. there should now be no difference between the scores of men and women on this exam.
b. the men should significantly outperform the women on this exam.
c. the men should slightly outperform the women on this exam.
d. the men should continue to perform less well than the women on this exam.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 360
Style: Applied
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 4.4

128. During prenatal development sex hormones have a(n) _____________________ influence on
physical development, whereas after birth hormones can have _____________________ effects
on cognitive abilities that persist through life.
a. activational; organizational
b. detrimental; beneficial
c. beneficial; detrimental
d. organizational; activational
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 360
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

129. Which of the following statements best describes the results described in your text regarding the
study conducted by Hausmann, Schoofs, Rosentha, and Jordan (2009)?
a. Only men thought the stranger described as doing well on the mental rotation task was more
likely to be a man.
b. Only women thought the stranger described as doing well on the mental rotation task was
more likely to be a man.
c. Women thought the stranger described as doing well on the mental rotation task was more
likely to be a woman than a man.
d. Both men and women thought the stranger described as doing well on the mental rotation task
was more likely to be a man.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 360-361
Style: Applied
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 4.4

130. Studies, such as that of Simonton (2001), indicate that gifted children who become eminent adults:
a. do not need to work as hard as other individuals to perform at the highest levels in their field.
b. are highly intelligent, but usually not very creative.
c. are socially maladjusted.
d. are more motivated and tend to work harder than their less eminent counterparts.
Answer: d
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 362
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence

34
APA Goal: 1.2

131. Intellectually gifted children who do NOT experience challenging educational opportunities in the
classroom:
a. fit in better with their peers.
b. may become bored and even drop out.
c. are unaffected by the lack of challenge.
d. have more self-confidence.
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 362
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

132. The child with ____________ mental retardation can attend a standard school but he will often
have difficulty with tasks that require reading, writing, memory, or math computation.
a. mild
b. moderately
c. severely
d. profoundly
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 362-363
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

133. According to the American Psychiatric Association’s four-level classification system, the great
majority of people with a cognitive disability are classified as:
a. profoundly disabled.
b. moderately disabled.
c. mildly disabled.
d. severely disabled.
Answer: c
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 363
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

134. Based on what is known about the heritabilities of mild and profound forms of retardation, you
would expect the siblings of mildly retarded children to have _____ IQs and the siblings of
profoundly retarded children to have ____ IQs.
a. average; lower-than-average
b. lower-than-average; average
c. higher-than-average; average
d. average; higher-than-average
Answer: b
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 363
Style: Comprehension

35
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

135. Compared to mild forms of mental retardation, profound forms of mental retardation are more
likely to be caused by:
a. genetic accidents.
b. a clear biological cause.
c. environmental deprivation.
d. an inherited genotype.
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 363
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

136. Which of the following accidents at birth is NOT a likely cause of mental retardation?
a. mother not caring enough
b. oxygen deprivation
c. mother having rubella
d. mother having syphilis
Answer: a
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 363
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

True/False Questions

137. In creating his child intelligence test, Alfred Binet made the assumptions that mental abilities
develop with age and that the rate at which mental competence is gained is relatively constant over
time.
Answer: true
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 335
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.3

138. Although mental age is a useful way of describing the intelligence of adults, it is not useful for
comparing the capabilities of children.
Answer: false
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 335
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

139. Charles Spearman’s g factor theory of intelligence proposes that there are four distinct types of
intelligence.

36
Answer: false
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 338
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

140. It is somewhat surprising that similar correlations between various mental tasks inspired both
Charles Spearman’s g factor theory of intelligence and L. L. Thurstone’s primary mental abilities
theory of intelligence.
Answer: true
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 338
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

141. Crystallized intelligence tends to decrease with age.


Answer: false
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 339
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

142. In his triarchic theory of intelligence, Robert Sternberg asserted that additional factors such as
musical talents, physical abilities, and interpersonal skills should be included in the definition of
intelligence.
Answer: false
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 341
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

143. The four branches of emotional intelligence are emotional perception, using emotions to facilitate
thought, understanding emotions, and managing emotions.
Answer: true
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 343
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

144. The concept of personal intelligence relates to the ability to understand other people and who they
want to be.
Answer: false
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 343
Style: Knowledge

37
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

145. Within the context of selecting students for college, an aptitude test would theoretically be used to
assess how much someone has learned about a particular subject in high school.
Answer: false
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 345
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

146. A measurement can have both low reliability and low validity.
Answer: true
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 346-347
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

147. The measurement concept of validity refers to how well a test actually measures the construct it
was intended to measure.
Answer: true
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 347
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

148. Standardization can refer to creating consistent, well-controlled testing environments or to the
process of creating age-specific norms for a test.
Answer: true
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 348-349
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

149. The Flynn effect is most likely independent of nutritional and technological advances.
Answer: False
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 349
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

150. IQ scores have been rising in Western cultures over the past few decades.
Answer: true
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 349

38
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

151. John takes a test in which he begins by trying his best to complete a task. Then John is given
feedback on his performance and is given another opportunity to complete the task. This test is an
example of a dynamic test.
Answer: true
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 350
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

152. Despite having equivalent IQ scores, the brains of males are slightly larger than those of females.
Answer: true
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 352
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

153. Because genetic influences account for so much of the variance in intelligence, it is not important
to consider family and school environmental influences.
Answer: false
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 352
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

154. Correlational statistics reveal that fraternal twins raised together have more similar IQs than
identical twins raised apart.
Answer: false
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 353-354
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

155. Research on interventions suggests that intelligence is most malleable during early childhood.
Answer: true
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 355
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

156. It is argued that stereotype threat impairs the performance of certain racial and gender group
members by increasing anxiety.
Answer: true

39
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 358
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 8.2

157. Males typically do better than females on most spatial tasks, whereas females do better than males
on tests of verbal fluency.
Answer: true
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 359
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

158. Although African Americans typically score lower than whites on intelligence tests, this racial
difference disappears if the test-takers are informed before taking the test that it is an intelligence
test.
Answer: false
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 359-360
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

159. William Stern’s concept of ______________ was defined as the ratio of a person’s mental age to
their chronological age, multiplied by 100.
Answer: intelligence quotient or IQ
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 335
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

160. To determine whether a group of items “cluster” or “hang together,” researchers employ a
statistical procedure called ____________.
Answer: factor analysis
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 337
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

161. The “g” in Charles Spearman’s g factor stands for ____________.


Answer: general intelligence
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 338

40
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

162. A vocabulary test and a geography test would be considered examples of ______________
intelligence, which is thought to improve or remain constant well into adulthood.
Answer: crystallized
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 339
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

163. The ___________ approach to studying intelligence attempts to determine the exact structure of
intelligence and is interested in such questions as how many different kinds of mental abilities are
involved in test performance.
Answer: psychometric
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 337
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

164. According to Robert Sternberg, _______________ are higher-order processes that are used to
control and plan task performance and they involve various problem-solving skills.
Answer: metacomponents
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 338
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

165. The ability to accurately read and effectively respond to your own feelings and the feelings of
others is an essential part of what is called ____________ intelligence.
Answer: emotional
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 343
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

166. When all of the items on a test are measuring the same thing and are highly correlated with one
another, the test is said to have high _________________.
Answer: internal consistency
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 347
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

167. An intelligence test that correlates highly with academic performance is said to have high

41
____________________validity.
Answer: criterion-related
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 347
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 2.4

168. Research has indicated that IQ tests are generally correlated around _____ with academic
performance, whereas the correlations are somewhat smaller when attempting to predict job
performance.
Answer: .60
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 347
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

169. The finding that IQ scores _________ about 3 points per decade is called the Flynn effect.
Answer: increase
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 349
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

170. Individuals from non-Western cultures might score lower on tests such as the Stanford-Binet than
individuals from Western cultures because of differences in education.
Answer: true
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 350-351
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

171. Neanderthals had slightly __________ brains than we do.


Answer: larger
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 352
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

172. ____________ children as a group have been found to have the highest mean IQ scores.
Answer: Japanese
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 356
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

42
173. Recent research on the IQ differences observed between different ethnic groups indicates that the
gap between the mean IQ scores of African Americans and white Americans has been
_____________, suggesting that these differences may be due to ___________ factors.
Answer: shrinking; environmental
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 356
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

174. With regard to gender differences in intelligence, ___________ generally have higher scores on
tests of mathematical reasoning and some spatial tasks, whereas __________ tend to have higher
scores on tests of mathematical calculation and perceptual speed.
Answer: men; women
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 358-359
Style: Comprehension
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 3.2

175. Research suggests that a stereotype threat can ___________ an individual’s score on an IQ test.
Answer: decrease
Book: Passer
Difficulty: Low
Page: 359
Style: Knowledge
Topic: Intelligence
APA Goal: 1.2

43

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