ENGINEERING IDEAS

GENERAL BIOLOGY

“ DECORATIVE PLANTS BIODIVERSITY “

The Lecturer :
Khairiza Lubis

Submited by :

Bismi Amrina (4191141012)

Sarah Nur Fadilla Panjaitan ( 4193342007)

Bilingual Biology Education

2019

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE

THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

1
 FOREWORD

Praise and gratitude we say the presence of Allah SWT because for his blessings, grace and
guidance we can complete the Engineering Ideas papers in the General Biology course in a timely
manner. We would like to thank Ms. Khairiza Lubis as the supporting lecturer who provided us
with guidance, support and opportunities to compile this Engineering Ideas paper.
In writing this paper, I faced a number of obstacles, but with the help of many people, all the
candles were overcome. May Allah bless all of them.
We realize that this paper still has many shortcomings and therefore we apologize if there
are errors in my writing and we also expect criticism and suggestions in this task so that at another
time we can make a better paper.
Finally, we hope that this Engineering Ideas paper can be useful for many people, especially
for readers, and thank you.

Medan, 24th September 2019

Author

2
 CHAPTER I

A. BACKGROUND

Biological wealth in the world is not spread uniformly, the tropics are generally a
place to live various types of species in large numbers compared to other regions. Efficiently
and effectively, targets are needed in conservation efforts by knowing where biodiversity
centers are made at national and international priority levels. On a global scale, a simple
target area can be identified by making scoring between countries that have high species
richness.
Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world with high biodiversity and
is an invaluable national asset and needs to be preserved through sustainable protection and
use, as mandated in Law Number 5 of 1994 concerning Biodiversity, which includes
conservation, sustainable use of the components of diversity biodiversity, as well as access
and fair distribution of benefits.
As a cadre of the nation, students need to be equipped with knowledge about
biodiversity and its importance for human life. Thus students will have the sensitivity to
maintain, preserve, and utilize Indonesian biodiversity in a sustainable manner.

B. PROBLEM
1. What causes differences in biodiversity in the 3 locations.

2. What are the best-selling species at each flower sales location?

3. How can the richness of ornamental plants be optimally utilized

C. PURPOSE
1.Know the causes of differences in biodevirsitas at 3 locations.

2. Knowing which species are the best-selling and most interested in the general public,

3. Knowing how to optimize the benefits of biodevisitas in everyday life

3
 CHAPTER II

DECORATIVE PLANTS BIODIVERSITY

 Biodivercity

Biodiversity, is all life on this earth both plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms, as well
as the various genetic material they contain and the diversity of the ecological systems in which
they live. This includes the relative genetic abundance and diversity of organisms originating from
all habitats on land, sea and other aquatic systems.

A. TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity can occur at various stages of life, ranging from low-level organisms to high-level
organisms. The following types of biodiversity are:

1. GENETIC BIODIVERSITY
The diversity of flower colors in rose plants. The shape, taste, color of the mango, as well as
diversity of traits, the color of feathers and the shape of wattle in chickens, are all caused by
the influence of a carrier called a gene. All living things in one species / type have a basic
set of genes that are similar. Genes are part of the chromosomes that control the
characteristics or characteristics of an organism that are inherited from parents / parents to
their offspring.

2. SPECIES LEVEL BIODIVERSITY

To find out the level of species biodiversity in plants or animals, it can be observed, among
other physical characteristics. For example body shape and size, color, living habits and
others.
For example in the tribe of nuts, among others; peanuts, peas, green beans and chickpeas.
Among the types of beans can be easily distinguished, because among these types found
different characteristics between the characteristics of one another. For example body size or
trunk (some are tall and short); living habits (growing upright, there are creepers), the shape
of fruit and seeds, seed color, number of seeds, and different tastes.

3. . ECOSYSTEM LEVEL BIODIVERSITY

The environment includes biotic components and abiotic components. Biotic components
include various types of living things from single-celled (unicellular) to multicellular living
things that can be seen directly by us. Abiotic components include climate, light, rock,
water, soil, and humidity. These are all called physical factors. In addition to physical
factors, there are chemical factors, such as salinity (salinity), acidity, and mineral content.
Both the biotic component and the abiotic component are very diverse or varied. Therefore,
ecosystems which are interactions between biotic components and abiotic components also
vary.
4
B. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY VALUE
Biodiversity has a very high value for the sustainability of human life. By knowing
the potential of the value and utilization of biodiversity, we are expected to be able to carry
out activities of sustainable use to maintain the richness of biological resources.
The value and utilization of biodiversity include:
1. Food Supply

1.1 Animals
Only a few of the animal species have been domesticated for food production. Basically all
protein from animals comes only from the domestication of wild animals that have been
carried out by humans, including the process of breeding. Examples of fish being
domesticated through aquaculture techniques nowadays are consumed almost the same as
the catch.

1.2 Plants
Only a small proportion of plants in the world have been used for food on a large scale.
Approximately 10,000-50,000 species are estimated to be edible, but very little has been
used as human food. While the economy is becoming increasingly global, humans tend to
concentrate only a few species, so that today 90% of the world's food comes from only a
few types of plants including wheat, corn, and rice.
Although there are more than 10,000 species of grains, no new species have been cultivated
since 2000 years ago. The danger depends only on a few types of plants is illustrated by
hunger in Ireland (potato famine) which occurred in 1845-1847. Ireland only depends on
one type of plant as a source of carbohydrates, namely potatoes. Leaf blight destroys the
country's potato plants and causes famine, with less than 1 million people dead.
Gene from wild plants is a source of genes with characteristics that are useful for plants that
are cultivated. Wild potato plants are found in Peru and when crossed with cultivated
potatoes, the resulting varieties are resistant to leaf blight.
Rice plants are protected from four diseases by genes taken from wild rice species in India.
In Asia and Africa, cassava production has increased exponentially due to disease-resistant
varieties derived from tree cassava from Brazil. The sugar industry in the United States was
saved from destruction by introducing wild species from Asia. Tomato clay from the Andes
Mountains has been used to increase sugar content in cultivated tomato varieties.
Wild plant species usually have great genetic variability, so different strains can be
developed through breeding. This is an important reason for conserving not only species, but
samples of genetic variability within species: samples from different locations, different
subspecies, etc.

2. Natural Pesticide Products

Many tropical plants produce chemicals. Local people have found many useful plants as
poisons or medicines. Chrysanthemum was first used a century ago in the Middle East to
treat head lice. The seeds contain purethrin. It has been used for head lice shampoo, and
insect spray at home and mosquito coils.
Tuba. (Deris) is used to poison fish, containing rotenone. Mamba tree (Azadirachta Indica)
5
 as a source of insecticides (azadirachtin), fungicides and spermasides and valuable for birth
control.

3. Medicines
The potential to find medicinal compounds in wild organisms is huge and provides one of
the reasons for biodiversity conservation. This is especially true of tropical forests. In fact
the pharmaceutical industry is more dependent on natural products. About a quarter of the
drugs in circulation are taken directly from plants. About 121 drugs come from higher
plants, including morphine, codeine, quinine, atropine, and digitalis. However, less than 1%
of tropical forest plants have been tested as a source of medicine.

4. Fertilizers
Recent research has identified bacterial species from the deep ocean that are capable of
tethering nitrogen, conserving it into a form that can be used as fertilizer.

5. Environmental benefits

Wild organisms perform vital environmental functions and we have difficulty doing it ourselves.
Bats pollinate breadfruit, guava, durian, kaliandra etc. Microorganisms decompose litter and
waste. Earthworms reverse the soil and maintain aeration. Soil bacteria convert nitrogen into
nitrate fertilizer, which absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, thereby reducing global
warming due to CO2. All of these benefits are free and are usually taken as they are (taken for
granted) and only realize that they do not provide benefits anymore.

C. DECORATIVE PLANT BIODIVERSITY

This diversity is also found in ornamental plants. The diversity of ornamental plants in
each region or location has differences. This is caused due to differences in climate,
geography and so forth. Therefore, it is often encountered a plant species that is
characteristic of an area.
In addition, ornamental plants, which are mostly in the form of flower plants, have many
functions besides the ornamental function, which is one of the natural herbal medicines.
This is what underlies us to make an idea in which aims to add knowledge about the more
benefits of ornamental plants (flowers) that are in different locations.

6
 CHAPTER III
METHODS
RESEARCH METHODS

Time and Place of Research

The research was carried out for approximately 1 week in the interval of empty class schedules. The
study was carried out in the building yard 05 bilingual corridor FMIPA Medan State University, the
yard of the Syawal Gultom Building Medan State University and the yard of the Biology Lecture
Building Medan State University.
These three locations are close together and are a set of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Sciences, Medan State University. Building 05 bilingual corridor is located right to the left of the
Gultom Shawwal building. And the biology lecture building is a few meters behind the gultom
syawala building after the chemistry lab.

Implementation Stage
The research method of ornamental plants in these three locations was carried out with a
quantitative method by observing how many ornamental plant species were found in each location
and what types of ornamental plant species were present in each location.

Ornamental Plant Identification

Identification of plants for which can be easily identified is done directly in the field. Species that
are difficult to identify are taken as part of the specimen for further identification. The process of
searching for species and species is to note the local name of the ornamental plant, and then look for
the Latin name in an internet search.

Furthermore, the identification results are contained in a column table according to the place of
research, and then we compare the results to obtain similarities and different ornamental plant
results at each location that we examine and observe.

CHAPTER IV
IDEA

Our idea is to make a Latin name from an ornamental plant and then attach it to the
ornamental plant around a bilingual corridor. Making a mini flower garden in which there is one
ornamental plant which is a cirri plant typical of a location by putting its Latin name and its
benefits in the herbal world. It aims to add knowledge to the public and students of course that
the biodiversity of ornamental plants is not only useful as decoration and beautifies a room or
place, but also has benefits in the world of health.
7
 CHAPTER V
CLOSING

A. CONCLUSION
Biodiversity, or all biodiversity, is all life on this earth both plants, animals, fungi
and microorganisms, as well as various genetic material they contain and the diversity of the
ecological systems in which they live. This includes the relative genetic abundance and
diversity of organisms originating from all habitats on land, sea and other aquatic systems.
Biodiversity can occur at various levels of life, ranging from low level organisms to high
level organisms, namely gene level biodiversity, species level biodiversity, and ecosystem
level biodiversity.
Biodiversity has a very high value for the sustainability of human life. The value and use of
biodiversity, among others, as a supplier of food (both animals and plants), natural pesticide
products, medicines, fertilizers, household / industrial raw materials, and can be used in the
environment.

B. SUGGESTIONS
As a cadre of the nation, students need to be equipped with knowledge about
biodiversity and its importance for human life. Thus students will have the sensitivity to
maintain, preserve, and utilize Indonesian biodiversity in a sustainable manner.

REFERENCES

IUCN-UNEP, WWF, Bumi Wahana, Strategi Menuju Kehidupan yang Berkelanjutan. Jakarta: PT.
Gramedia.

Salim, E. 1986. Pembangunan Berwawasan Lingkungan. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Soemarwoto, O. 1994. Ekologi, Lingkungan Hidup dan Pembangunan. Bandung: Penerbit

Djambatan.

Soerjani, M., Rofiq, M. Dan M. Rozy, M. 1987. Lingkungan Sumberdaya Alam dan Kependudukan
dalam Pembangunan. Jakarta: UI Press.

Tim Penyusun Bahan Ajar PLH. 2009. Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup. Semarang: UNNES Press.