GRADE 8 - FORCE AND MOTION

Summary:
1. Force is described as the interaction between two (2) bodies.
2. Force can either be a contact or a non-contact force.
3. Contact force is the interaction between two bodies directly touching one another.
4. Non-contact force is the interaction of the fields that exist around the two bodies.
5. The Law of inertia states that a body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will continue to move in a
straight line with a constant speed unless an external force acts on it.
6. Mass is a measure of inertia.
7. The Law of acceleration states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force and is
in the same direction as the net force but inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
8. The Law of interaction states that for every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.
9. Weight is the gravitational attraction exerted by the earth on objects.
10. Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
11. Volume is the measure of space taken up by an object.
12. Momentum is the product of mass and velocity. In symbols; p = m x v.
13. If the velocity of a moving object is increased or decreased, the momentum of the moving body changes.
14. All less massive objects can have the same momentum as that of more massive objects if these less massive
objects will move very fast.
15. For an equivalent change in momentum, the larger the time of impact results to lesser force. This can be the
reason why we use seatbelts and airbags in cars. - To lessen the impact force!
16. The momentum of a system is conserved if no external force acts on it.
17. Conservation of momentum is also applicable in elastic and inelastic collisions

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your solution (if any) on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The law of inertia applies to _______________.
A. moving objects
B. objects that are not moving
C. both moving and nonmoving objects
2. If you were in a space ship and fired a cannon ball into frictionless space, the amount of force needed to keep it
going would be ________.
A. twice the force with which it was fired
B. the same amount of force with which it was fired
C. one half the force with which it was fired
D. zero, since no force is necessary to keep it moving
3. Which has more mass, a kilogram of feathers or a kilogram of iron?
A. feathers
B. iron
C. They both have the same mass
D. Cannot be determined from the given information.
4. The force required to maintain an object at a constant speed in free space is equal to _______________.
A. zero
B. the mass of the object
C. the weight of the object
D. the force required to stop it
5. You would have the largest mass of gold if your chunk of gold weighed 1 N on the __________.
A. Moon
B. Earth
C. planet Jupiter
6. An object weighs 30 N on earth. A second object weighs 30 N on the moon. Which has greater mass?
A. The one on earth
 B. The one on the moon
C. They have the same mass
7. Suppose the force of friction on a sliding object is 10N. The force needed for it to maintain a constant velocity is
_______________.
A. more than 10 N
B. less than 10 N
C. 10 N
8. Compared to its weight on earth, a 10-kg object on the moon will weigh ________.
A. less
B. more
C. the same amount
9. An apple weighs 1N. When held at rest above your head, the net force on the apple is _____________.
A. 0 N
B. 0.1 N
C. 1 N
D. 9.8 N
10. An apple weighs 1N. The net force on the apple when it is in free fall is _________.
A. 0 N
B. 0.1 N
C. 1 N
D. 9.8 N
11. When a woman stands with two feet on a scale, the scale reads 500 N. When she lifts one foot, the scale reads
_____________.
A. less than 500 N
B. more than 500 N
C. 500 N
12. A block is dragged without acceleration in a straight-line path across a level surface by a force of 6 N. What is
the frictional force between the block and the surface?
A. less than 6 N
B. 6 N
C. more than 6 N
D. Needs more information to say.
13. As a 500 N lady sits on the floor, the floor exerts a force on her equal to ______________.
A. 1000 N
B. 500 N
C. 250 N
D. 50 N
14. An unfortunate bug splatters against the windshield of a moving car. Compared to the force of the car on the
bug, the force of the bug on the car is _____________.
A. larger
B. smaller
C. the same
15. An unfortunate bug splatters against the windshield of a moving car. Compared to the deceleration of the car
on the bug, the deceleration of the bug on the car is
_____________.
A. larger B. smaller C. the same
16. The person is attracted towards the center of the earth by a 500-N gravitational force. The force with which
the earth is attracted toward the person is ______________.
A. very very small
B. very very large
C. 500 N
17. Two people pull on a rope in a tug-of-war. Each pulls with a 400 N force. What is the tension in the rope?
 A. 0
B. 400 N
C. 600 N
D. 800 N
18. What is the minimum resultant possible when adding a 3-N force to an 8-N force?
A. 24 N
B. 11 N
C. 8 N
D. 5 N
19. How does the acceleration of an object change in relation to its mass? It is _________.
A. directly proportional
B. inversely proportional
C. acceleration doesn’t depend on mass at all
20. Forces always occur _____________.
A. by themselves
B. in pairs
C. as single quantities
D. in triplets