Electrical Installation in Hazardous Area Presentation

Training CompEx 01-04
Competency Ex 01 - 04
' ,
Equipment Protection type Ex ,d'. 'eyiV and Ex , p

' ' '
Training Unit Ex 01 - Preparation and Installation of Ex d, e\

,
n & 'p: electrical equipment
' " ;
Training Unit Ex 02 -Inspection and Maintenance of Ex d' , e ,

n & 'p, electrical equipment
Equipment Protection type Intrinsically safe Ex i,

Training Unit Ex 03 - Preparation and Installation of Ex T equipment and systems
Training Unit Ex 04- Inspection and Maintenance of Ex T equipment and systems
Ignition source
THE FK1E TRIANGLE
oplojton
The fire triangle Is used a = a method to assist in the better understanding cF ihe conditions required to create an trionqle
ignition or explosion. The three sides cf the tr angle re-present the 1hree conditions uttitch are necessary.
1 . Fuel: This can be in Ihe Form of e gas. vapour, mist cr dust
2. Oxygen: Approximately 21 %ÿ by volume in normal a r

3 . Source of Ignition: This can be an arc, spark, naked Flame or hot surfaces
1. ELECTRICAL SPARKS
2. HOT SURFACES
3. BATTERIES
4. FRICTION
5. STATIC ELECTRICITY
6. LIGHTNING
7. IMPACT/THERMITE REACTION
8. PYROPHORIC REACTION
9. RADIO FREQUENCY (R.F.)
10. OPTICAL RADIATION
11. VIBRATION ÿIgnition sourc*
Flamable explotion limit
FLAMMABLE (EXPLOSIVE) LIMITS
Mixture of a flammable gas within certain percentages with air (21% oxygen) burn if ignited. If there is too much or Material LEL UEL
too little flammable material the mixture does not ignite.
Combustion will only occur if the concentration of the flammable mixture of fuel (gas or vapour) and air is within
% by Volume % by Volume
"
certain limits. These limits are the lower explosive limit' (LEL), and the 'upper explosive limit' (UEL), and Propane 17
.
10.9
between these limits is the flammable range
Definition:
Methane 44
.
17.0
LEL the concentration of flammable gas, vapour or mist in air, below which an explosive gas atmosphere will
. . .
Ethylene 23
.
36.0
not be formed. "
Hydrogen 40 77ÿ
When the percentage of gas by volume is below this limit, the mixture is too weak to burn, i.e. insufficient fuel
,
and/or too much air.

Acetylene 23
.
100
UEL
. . . the concentration of flammable gas, vapour or mist in air, above which an explosive gas atmosphere will
not be formed. Diethyl Ether 17
.
39.2
Kerosene 07
.
50
.
" ~
Hydrogen Sulphide 1T~ 45.5
Carbon Bisulphide 06
.
60.0
Ignition temprature
Auto ignition classes and lotnpei jtures for gas Classes and tempo) alur es lot suspended dust particle combustion
Material Ignition Temperature

°
/
Soot 81(T (T1) °C
c
Propane 470
700'_n_ FVC700* (T1)
Hydrogen 560* (T1)
/ Methane 537
600 *_ Aluminum 590* (T1)
"
/ > Methane 537* (T1) Ethylene 425
500 Com dust 510* (T1) Hydrogen 560
T1450* Ethylene 425* (T2)

T1450* Acetylene 305
400*.
Sugar 490*(T1)
Acetylene 305* (12) Diethyl Ether 160
T2300*
/ 12 300* flour 490" (T1) Kerosene 210
300'. _
/ Kerosene 210* (T3)
/ Methyl ofclox 420* (T2)
Hydrogen Sulphide 270
T3 200" 13200*
200,. Ethyl ether 160* (T4) Carbon Disulphide 95
T4135* T413S*
T5100*
PdycSiytane 420* (T2)
100 15100*
IUU . - Carton dtsutpfwJe 95*
TS85* T6S5
(T6) Carton dust 380* (T2)
.
>
s
IGNITION TEMPERATURE
The ignition temperature of a material is the minimum temperature, undter prescribed conditions, at which the
material can ignite and sustain combustion, when mixed with air at normal pressure, without the ignition initiated
by any spark or flame.
Ignition temperature is 'the minimum temperature at which a flammable material will spontaneously ignite'. There
is suficient thermal energy to- cause ignition.
Flash point
FLASH iPOINT
flASrt MltfT - LrtwHt #t wtlhfl

* litful-d lji ifi ifl «i»ugli vjpui !ii kirn
«l< rqm(jf>lr miMuirwIljt it!
GASQilHE PUtt OIL

riifh Fdnt - -4&1 H*ih FtiM - U$p|
FLASH POINT
Flash points are normally associated with flammable materials In the tiquid phase.
By definition flash point is 'the lowest temperature at which sufficient vapour is given off a liquid to form a
,
flammable mixture with air that can be ignited by an arc spark or naked flame
,
.
Ignition energy
Gas Ignition energy (uJ)
Acetylene 19
Hydrogen 19
Ethylene &5
Propane 260
Methanol 290
1
IGNITION ENERGY
Ignition energy is the spark energy (in joutes) which ignites the most easily ignited mixture of the test gas with air at
atmospheric pressure.
All flammables (including dusts) have minimum ignition energy {M!E} Input required to initiate combustion. The MJE
depends on the specific chemical or mixture the concentration, pressure, and temperature. A few MIEs of typical
,
gases are given in the Table:

Area classification
The three Zones, as defined in BS EN60079-10-1: Electrical apparatus for explosive gas Example: around the seal of an industrial pump situated outdoors, pumping gasoline which may leak with bearing
atmospheres Part 10 Classification of hazardous areas, are as follows:
,
and/or seal wear , Area surrounding Zone 1 areas.
Zone 0 - An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present continuously

or for long periods or frequently
Example of zone classification
Zone 2
Zone 2 is where an
Zone 1 - An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is likely to occur in
normal operation occasionally explosion is no) kkety to
Zone 1 is
occur, but it it Ooes. it exists
where an
Zone 2 - An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not likely to occur in for a short time
expioso? Is
normal operation but if it does occur, will persist for a short period
,
only likely to occur

In normal
operation.
Although not specified in IEC 60079-10-1, but quoted in API RP 505", the duration of a gas
release, or a number of gas releases, on an annual basis (one year comprises circa 8760
hours) for the different Zones is as follows
, Zone 0 is where an
Zoned explosive gas-air mixture is
Zone 2 0-10 hours
continuously present or
present lor long periods.
Zone 1 10 - 1000 hours
Zone 0 over 1000 hours Equipment for use in Zone 0:

ÿ Intrinsic safety, Ex "ia' Zone representation for 'Area Classification Diagrams' as recommended in IEC60079-10-1
Distances:
poooooooooa
a 3m from vent opening 00000000000
ooooooooooc
b
'
3m above me tool Welded pipe (non-hazardous) Equipment for use in Zone 1: 00000000000
00000000000
c 3m horizontally Irom the side of the tank ÿ Equipment permitted in Zone 0 OOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOO
ooooooooooo
Imt ÿ Flameproof enclosure Ex"d' ,
OOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOO
Flange joint (zone 2) ÿ Increased safety, Ex ,e" OOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOO
ÿ Pressurize equipment, Ex 'p'

ZoneO Zone 2
0 Oil immersion ,
Ex 'o> Zone 1
ÿ Powder filling, Ex 'q"
0
Pump gland (zone 1 or zone 2
depending on the type of seal)
ÿ Intrinsic safety Ex 'ib,,
Space above flammable liquid in
i
close container, zone 0 Equipment for use in Zone 2
ÿ Electrical equipment permitted in Zone 0 and Zone 1
ÿ Type of protection, Ex 'n" The method of indicating the zone on a particular hazardous area drawing may not be to IEC60079-10. Check
the notes, symbols and key given on the drawing
Equipment selection
BY EQUIPMENT GROUP
Equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres is divided into Groups and Categories The group
allocation for mining arvd surface industries are separate.

Group I equipment is a designation given to equipmenl designed and tesled for use underground in the mining
industry {hazards are methane (firedamp:) 4 ccal dust)
Group II equipment is a designation given to equipment designed and tesled for use above ground for surface
industries wtieie risks from ignition of a wide range of flammable gases may he present. Group II is subdivided
info IIA, IIB and tIC Typical gases: propane, etfiy/ene, and hydrogen
Group III is for surface industries with dust hazards and is subdivided into IIA illB and l!IC Flyings, non-
,
Equipment group description G as or dust Representative
subdivision material
conductive dusts , and conductive dusts
i timing na
ÿ ÿ
methane
vÿUI
ii Surface industries gas MA props ne
LIE Ethylene
MC H/drogen/icetylene
ill Surface industries MIA Combustible flying

dust
IB Nor. conductive dusc
IIIC Conductive dust

Equipment selection TYPES OF PROTECTION, EX MARKING, ZONES OF USE, CATEGORIES AND EPLS
GASES
EQUIPMENT PROTECTION LEVELS (EPL’S)

Types of Ex Protection Ex Zones of use ATtX IhC
The latest editions of ttie I EC 00079 - standards have : ntrc ducetf Equipment Protection Levels (EFL"s). It uses Marking Cat EPL
the suffixes 'a, ,b: and 1c, Intrinsic Safety Ex ia 0 1 2 1 Ga

corresponding In the ATEX equiprnert Categories 1 2.and 3,
. .
Encapsulation Ex ma 0 1 2
. .
1 Ga
~
The EPL's are: Very High (~a'). High (f) and Enhanced fc )
,
0 1 2 1 Ga
"
Two separate protection . .
hi enables a risk assessment approach, taking into cons deration the consequences of an explosion tc be types each meeting EPL
implemented for (he selection equipment. Gb
GROUP II GASES
Flameproof Ex d 1 2 .
2 Gb
Increased Safety Exe 1 2 .

2 Gb
Ga Equipment for explosive gas atmospheres, having a "very high" level of protection, which is not a source Intrinsic Safety Ex ib 1 2 .
2 Gb
Encapsulation Ex mb 1 2 2 Gb
cf ignition in normal operation, expected faults, or when subject to rare faults. .
Oil immersion Exo 1 2 .

2 Gb
Pressurisation Ex px, Ex py 1 2 .
2 Gb
Gib Equipment for explosive gas atmospheres, having a !highÿ leveJ of protection, which is not a souroe of Powder filled Exq 1 2 .
2 Gb
ignition in normal operation, or when subject to faults that may be expected, though not necessarily on a
Intrinsic Safety Ex ic 2 3 Gc
regular basis Ex mc 2 3 Gc
Encapsulation
Non-sparking Ex n. Ex nA 2 3 Gc
Gc Equipment for explosive gas atmospheres having an enhanced; level of protection, which is not a Restncted breathing Ex nR 2 3 Gc
Energy limitation Ex ic (Ex nL) 2 3 Gc

source of ignition in normal operation and which may have some additional protection to ensure that it
Protected sparking Ex nC 2 3 Gc
remains inactive as an ignition souroe in the case of regular expected occurrences, for example, failure of a
equipment
lamp. Pressurisation Ex pz 2 3 Gc
GROUP III DUSTS
Da Equipment for explosive dust atmospheres having a "very high' level of protection, which ia not a source
TYPES OF PROTECTION, EX MARKING ZONES OF USE, CATEGORIES AND EPLS
of ignition in normal operation, expected faults, or when subject to rare faults.
DUSTS
Type of Ex Zones of use ATEX IEC

Db Equipment for explosive dlust atmospheres, having a "high" level of protection, which is not a source of
Protection Marking Cat EPL
ignition in normal operation, or when subject to faults that may be expected, though not necessarily on a
Protection by ExtD 20. 21.22 1D Da
regular basis. enclosure
Intrinsic Safety Ex iD 20. 21. 22 1D Da
Dc Equipment for explosive dust atmospheres having an enhanced" level of protection, which is noS a source Encapsulation Ex mD 21.22 2D Db
of ignition in normal operation and which may have some additional protection to ensure thai it remains Pressurisation Ex pD 21,22 2D Db
inactive as an ignition source in tie case of regular expected occurrences, tor example failure of a lamp
Equipment selection
BY TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION: ‘T’ CLASS
Equipment temperature class marking ('T-rating') and its equivalent oC
Material Group Ignition Required

Temperature T-Rating
Temperature Maximum Surface
Hydrogen IIC 560.C T1 (450"C) Class Temperature

Acetylene IIC 305°C T2(300-C)
T1 450°C
Carbon Disulphide IIC 90*C T6 (85*C)
T2 300°C
Ethylene IIB 425,C T2 (30fl"C)
T3 200°C
Hydrogen Sulphide KB 270'C T3 (20Q"C)
T4 135°C
Diethyl Ether IIB 160,C T4 (135°C)
T5 100°C
Propane IIA 450°C T2(300'C)
T6 85°C
Cyclohexane IIA 244,C 73 (200"0)
192"C T4 (135*C) Ignition Temperature of the Equipment name plate T-rating which may be
Benzaldehyde IIA
mixture in the Area used
Methane (firedamp) I 537'C T1 (450° C)
T1
T1,T2,T3, T4, T5, T6
Temperature dassification is a system of classification of equipment into one of six (6) temperatures ranging from
B5oC up to 45QoC. T2 T2, T3, T4, T5, T6
Temperature classification ('T Rating") is based on the maximum temperature which any relevant part of the T3
T3, T4, T5, T6
equipment which may be in contact with an explosive gas can reach when operated within its maximum
,
T4, T5, T6
T4
designed rating and ambient temperature normally not exceeding 40oC.

T5, T6
T5
Electrical equipment must be selected to ensure that the surface temperature produced by the equipment
(indicated by the T-rating,) wiEl not exceed the ignition temperature of the flammable atmosphere which may be T6 T6
present around the equipment.

Equipment selection
BY IP RATING (INGRESS PROTECTION CODE, IP__) IP (Ingress Protection) Ratings Guide
WAT5R
Enclosures of electrical equipment are classified according to their ability to resist the ingress of solid i
'
objects and water by means of a system of numbers known as the Ingress Protection Code. This \S<
: i
consists of the letters IP + two numbers ,
e g. IP56
The first number , in the range 0-6, indicates the degree of protection against solid objects, and the
fliiHH MM fi2. il >«ÿ
higher the number the smaller the solid object that is prevented from entering the enclosure. Zero (0)
indicates no protection, and 6 indicates that the equipment is dust-tight ftMnwdraj
UnÿvU rr&rm
The second number ranging from 0-8 identifies the level of protection against water entering the
'
enclosure, from 0 - no protection to 8 - 'withstands indefinite immersion a specified at depth'. 1

. PrjTjKWd na-TTji * Ir-W
-
En a w ikni7. ii
3 - 3 IMri
4 IS
hrtai/l
5 \\ J-
VJar- J
"
% W |/y"
6
.
-
L - J'
Rntlm! f.m.jl.i:
I
P »
Standard certification and marking
STANDARDS
Standards refer to manufacturing requirements and may b~ legally enfcrceable. A Construction Standards is a
guide to the manufacturer of the equipment.
Codes of Practice deals with the selection and installation of the approved equipment according to best
current practices.
In the United Kingdom, manufacturing and testing standards are published by the British Standards Institution
(BSI)
In the European Community (European Union EU). the organisation which publishes harmonised standards for its
,
number nations is the European Committee for E|ÿtrgtechntcal Standardisation (CENELEC).

With the ultimate aim of global harmonisation. the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) publishes
international standards for this purpose
For explosion protected equipment. IEC and European (EN) standards are now identical published in the UK as
,
BS ENG0079
Construction of equipment to relevant standards coupled with testing by an independent expert test authority will
ensure that the equipment is suitable for its intended purpose.
Explosion protected equipment is constructed in accordance with the standards.
In the UK. Cede of Practice BS 5345 provided guidance fc the selection installation and maintenance of explosion
,
protected equipment for use in potentially e<plosve atmospheres but this has now been superseded by live
separate international standards in the IEC 60079 series.
These five documents. IEC60079 -10 14 17 19 8 20. cover classification of hazardous areas selection &
, , , ,
installation, inspection & maintenance, repair, and the data for flammable gases and dusts..
Standards have evolved as a result of careful research, often prompted by accidents e.g.
ÿ Piper Alpha in the North Sea. in which 187 men lost their lives
ÿ Deepwater Horizon - drilling rig explosion bumed and sink. April 20 2010 Louisiana. USA - massive oil
.
spill in Gulf of Mexico

EU DIRECTIVES
Within Europe. EEJ directives a'e conce-med w.th the removal of technical barriers to trade. They outline
essential technical and safety requirements, with which products rnust comply. In order to prove thst a prodiiet
does- comply with a directive, routes are provided through which a manufacturer may havie their products verified
compliance.
c*
Any product sold in the EU must meet the requirements of any EU directive nelevantto that product, and will
then carry the CE mark.
ATEX DIRECTIVES
ATEX is an abbreviation from the Frerc.n word , ATroospheres EXplosibles,.
The two most importart directives applicable for potent-ally fi*p£osive aimcspheres are
ATEX. 95 - Equipment Directive &4/9L'EC and

ATEX 137- Workplace Directive 1B9&«2,,EC.
The ATEX 95 Directive is intended to remove barriers to trade by ensur ng that the quality of equipment,
whenever it is manufactured in the EU, meets igorous essentia safety requirements
r
The direclÿe addresses requirements for certification, cuality assurance and cn-goÿng surveillance a* the
,
msnufacluring process. Equipment thai is manufactures tc this DinecSive is marked with the Em, logo.
The ATEX 137 Directive is airnec at ensuring the health and safety of workers whilst n 1heir place of work.
The Directi ve cefines the cbligat ons of the employees with regards lo the prevention and proteolion against
explosions, the assessmeni of explosion risks, (he ssfety and tiealtfi of worker requirements for explosion
predion docuivents.
The Directive also requires :h-Et ir places where potentially explosive almcsphere may occur in quantifies which
may endanger the health and safety of worker, the poin! of entry must te marked with the sign shewn below;
REASONS FOR PRODUCT CERTIFICATION
Finland' VTT Industrial Systems (053")
1 Ta demonstrate pmouct q ualiiy with regard to the ability of the equipment to timet on safely in a hazardous
environment.
Sweden: SP-Swedisi National Teaixg (402)
2 .
To- enhance markel acceptability by inspiring confidence in those involved in the selection, purchase,
installation
, operation and ma ntenanoe of apprcved;certifiec products. Norway: NBMROAS (0470)
3 -
. To improve quality and safety control. DNY AS (0575)
Denmark: UI In! DEK1KO A3 (0539)
CERTIFICATION BY A NOTIFIED BODY
"
CK: Baseefa (1180)
A hiotified Body is feccgnized by the role of confirming a manufacturer's design compiles with the relevant directive
SKA (0518)
anc standards. It therefore make sense and may be mandatory to use Em equipmenf which has been approved,
BSI Product Services (0086)
tesfled, and certified by a recognizeo Teasing Authority or Notified Eody
The EU ATEX Directives are now in force in Europe and the certification authorities are known as Notified
Bodies. Each has their own unique NB number which will be marked on the certification labels of ATEX approved
equipment and sysfems.
A notified Eody is a body whicfi has been assessed by a rational body ÿUKAS in the and the body haa been Netherlands: KEMA (0344)
notified, to the European Commission by the notifying nation as having appropriate skills expertise ar-d
Belgium: ISSeP (0539)
compefence to undertake procedures relevant to product certification in accordance with the E'jropEari Directive.
To obtain certfi cat on. an approved test house undertakes tesls on a sample of the equ ipme-nt in accoroance with France: LCIE (0081)
the requirement of the stardard. The tes* figures- are submitted to the Notified bod/ w*id then assess the tEst INERIS (0080)
results in asscciat Dn with the documentation and company details pr crtc granting en EU type examination
certrfcate Spain: LOM (0163)
| Italy CESI (0712)

British /European standard and IEC comparation
Installation and maintenance standard Equipment protection standard

British-European International Descreption: CENELEC International British Standard Revised Standard Latest Revised Type of Protection
BS EN number IEC number Explosive atmospheres Euronorm Standards (BS) Number IBS EN) Number Standard
BS EN 60079-10 IEC 60079-10-1 Gasification of area :

(EN) Number (BS EN) Number
IEC 60079-10-2 -
1 Gas Atmosphere
EN 50 014 IEC 60079-0 BS 5501: PL 1 BS EN50 014 BS EN60079-0 General Requirements
-
2 Dust Atmosphere
EN 50 015 IEC 60079-6 BS 5501: Pi 2 BS EN50 015 BS EN60079-6 Oil Immersion o"
BS EN 60079-14 IEC 60079-10-14 Electrical installation design, selection
and erection EN 50 010 IEC 60070-2 BS 5501: Pt. 3 BS EN50 016 BS EN60079-2 Pressunsed Apparatus p'
BS EN 60079-17 IEC 60079-10-17 Electrical installation inspection and EN 50 017 IEC 60079-5 BS 5501: Pt. 4 BS EN50 017 BS EN60079-5 Power "illing q'
maintenance
EN 50 018 IEC 80079-1 BS 5501 :Pt. 5 BS EN50 018 BS EN60079-1 Flameproof Enclosure d'
BS EN 60079-10-19 IEC 60079-10-19 Equipment repair, overhaul and EN 50 010 IEC 60079-7 BS 5501 Pt. 6 BS EN50 019 BS EN60079-7 Increased Safety V
reclamation
EN 50 020 IEC 60079-11 BS 5501: Pt 7 BS EN50 020 BS EN60079-11 Intrinsic Safety T
BS EN 60079-10-20 IEC 60079-10-20 Data for flammable gases and vapour ,
EN 50 028 IEC 60079-18 BS 5501 :Pt. 8 BS EN50 028 BS EN60079-18 Encapsiiaticn m'
relating to the use of electrical apparatus
EN 50 030 IEC 60079-25 BS 5501: Pt. 9 BS EN50 039 BS EN60079-25 Intrinsic Safety Systems T
EN 50 021 IEC 60079-15 BS EN50 021 BS EN60079-15 T ype of Protection n"
IEC 60079-26 BS EN60079-26 Equipment with Equÿment Protection

Level Ga
IEC 60070-27 BS EN60079-27

Fieldbus in*.nns#calty safe concept
(FISCO)
Gas detector sefecbon. mstalabcn.
IEC 60070-29-2 BS EN60079-29-2
use and maintenance
IEC 60079-30-1 BS EN60079-30-1 Electrical resistance trace heating -

General & testing requrements
IEC 60079-30-2 BS EN60079-30-2 Electrical resistance trace heating -

Application guide
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ZONES, EPL, CATEGORY AND TYPES OF PROTECTION
1 Cod**. ILriu*,
Zon# || WIH |rm'i Typ*ofp*ottct'on
Encapsulation rna
T*o ir*iep«oa«cit typM of p«X»<t*»i «*cfc

rncetmg a EPL GO
,
J
Increased safe?/
,
"
lolons-c*ty . b
"
1 Gb 2 tr.capsuiatoo mb
" "
Olinvncrtiofl 8
Pressurized enclosures PP*ori>y
PowdvHno "
~ ~
Intrin&oaly safe ic
ÿ--»-ÿ~ -
Encapsulation
- - - -
3 S£ 3 Pressvced enclosures K
' * *
NovsparUrg n oc rvA
* *
Pesfricied breathing oR
"
1 "
Sparking eQulpo-ient nC
1 ÿ *
Encapsulation mD
Prc»ection try ertciosue to-

-
-
"
21 Ub 7
Encapsulate mO
PrWection by eodC3i»e C
J ~ ~
PruKreMcrdoiuis pO
Encapsulation mD
Pr«actioo by erv3c*<ia TO
Pressfnzed enclosures pO
CERTIFICATION NUMBERS APPEAR ON THE EQUIPMENT NAMEPLATE, AS SHOWN BELOW: CERTIFICATION SYMBOLS THAT WILL APPEAR ON THE EQUIPMENT
NAMEPLATE:
ATEX EC - Type Examination Certificates are of the form
Eqoiprrw*! markedv*th» this symbol may
ÿ5ÿ
PTB 04 ATEX 2278
1} only be used for underground (mining)
applications in the UK.
SIRA 09 ATEX 3176 U
Baseefa 04 ATEX 0273 X

Equipment mark«dwHh this symbol has
been constructed 1o the old British
which means , Notified Body - Year of Certification - ATEX - Certificate Number - Suffix letter 2)
Standard BS229
Suffix letters on the Examination Certificate means: This is the EECS (BASEEFA) symbol and
3) used to identity equipment for surface
U - Component certification only, not equipment Industry us« only.
The equipment is only certified as a component for use in an Ex assembly.

The complete assembly must be further certified as a whole. Equipment marked v<ith this symbol, the
European Community mark, inoicates that
iKo equiprrvorrt has boon constructed and
X - Special conditions of use apply tested in accorctence with the
CENELEC/EURONORM standards.
Consult the actual certificate to find what these conditions are, and check that they have been complied with.
©
Symbol used by the German notitied body
PTB
5)
EXAMPLE OF IECEX CERTIFICATION
©
P »« most oommonlyuMd symbol of tho
-
6) Am«ri can c ertif i cati on auth or ity

Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
The mark used by the Canadian Standards

IECEX CERTIFICATES OF CONFORMITY have the format: Association
T)
ÿ IECEX BAS06.0014X
IEC Certification Scheme

M Suffix U - Component Certification
Certification Body (Baseefa) - X - Special conditions of use
Year of first certification ( 2006) Certificate Serial No.
EXAMPLE OF ATEX EC-TYPE EXAMINATION CERTIFICATE
£a risTic sic Numb+r sisusd 19 Juty 7D0fi

BaHABfiATElfflDSTJII Faga 1 wf 2
EC - T\ Fi: EXAMINATION ( KR1 tFICATE

* Vm«* lmmstetl l..< m In PH*. U Sdlefllhlr
(lirÿil.r 9WWEC
>innilwiitr'iiinri' II { ffllddll Xmmtm-r BjirrlnlMiA TI \ llrtÿX
Typ* VIUIMIJKIV CM Cim W |k -.ii.ÿM}4-r .J E Mÿmrnt mr Fiiin liii r Sulm

Mnflun liurrndaiiHjri
111 t>pt Slili AT 1 Utvunrf *:<*& dtani (Ml toe aiMlimiTBfl m htzim jUuilcu MUbL ih Jjamon JHi h mM I
.
TJuJTsii Stmri V. ™. AOrm.*«jIrri ra*. j HPHlliU Oi? md nHk m dfeOiA llllai «l iinuU nr hCjM< **t tPflfTWl iNc unpum
Tin mmiina m fMteem* ajtHMH ml Ml iJiun.ni Umm M WKlftwl! m At ftiftiiM# to ! § Aaadjy &jmvmm laiicilwmpi C>4 m T i M WililMI'jlk
l!! A U HnLinjii hikflK uwer uil . |s-l vnun iiunwi imti inl, m*UJlu; tin Mill i. luifai iji C4K
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EQUIPMENT NAMEPLATE MARKING
ELECTRICAL PRODUCT
Equipment built to the latest IEC standards may have additional marking,
-
manufacturer Type . ABI7X- -
Profccxt**
Typkal ATEX and lECEx Marking [*ATEX only] -

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Certification Marking
/ Examples
What Zone can I install
eg /q ABTECH
05J8 www.ablech.eu
» . C <W1« Cn* i >ICMMMOOl ITD (Mirif is MKbt INOLAkO
this junction
i box into? SX 0.140 10W 010377/1
SERIAL No. S367600 12009
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ABTECH02ATEX4014
Zone 2 (only) WARNING I
ISOLATE ELSEWHERE BEFORE OPENING
6388/1-2
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Explosion protection concept
Several methods may be adopted to make electrical equipment safe to use In potentially explosive atmospheres.
Commonly called ;types of protection, the choice of which type of protection to adopt is based on the probabili
,
of a flammable atmosphere being present balanced against the risk of ignition source from the equipment
,
installed. The Types of Protection, can be selected from the following list:
ÿ Type of protection d .. flameproof enclosure Ex1d'

' ,
ÿ Type of protection e . increased safety Ex
-
'
e'
ÿ ,
ÿ Type of protection n ÿ non-incendive Ex
-
"
n,
1
ÿ Type of protection P . pressurized Ex p'
-
ÿ Type of protection T -
intrinsic safety Ex '1,
' ,
ÿ Type of protection m -
encapsulation Ex,m,
, ' 1
ÿ Type of protection 0 ÿ oil immersion Ex
- o'
*
ÿ Type of protection q .. powder filling Ex q,
'
ÿ Type of protection s - special protection Ex s,
FLAMEPROOF Ex d or EEx d
standard Flameproof Enclosures Construction

Current constructional standard
1
_---
/I
I EC 50079-1:2007 Explosive atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment protection by flameproof The equipment to of a SOLID th ROBUST construction.
BS EN60079-1:2007
:
endosures <f ' Ahk to wrthitoirf 10 By/ 1S0 PtL _

/
Codes of Practice TYPICAL MATERIALS ;
Cast-Iron
IEC 50079-14: 2013 Explosive atmospheres: Part 14 Eiectricai installations design,
Aluminium Alloys
BS EN60079-14: 2014 selection & erection Gun Metal Bronze
IEC 60079-17: 2013 Explosive atmospheres: Part 17 Electrical installations inspection and Phosphor Bronze
StalnieBs Steel
BS EN60079-17: 2014 maintenance
BS 5345: Part 3: 1979 Code of Pradice for the Selection Installation and maintenance of
,
PLASTICS ÿ Can Ba Ueod Where The Free Volume Does Not
(Withdrawn) flameproof equipment Exceed 10 cm>
Protection concept:
Protection is based on an enclosure capable of withstanding an internal explosion without transmitting products of /
.
;ÿ IB* tarn
combustion to the outside air. Such an enclosure could contain sparking equipment without risk of igniting an
external flammable gas.
Preelection Zone Equipment ATEX
When properly installed, flameproof equipment enables components which arc or spark [e.g. switches,
Type OtUsft EPL Cttotfnry
contractors and relays) to be safely used in hazardous areas
Ex d 1 Gb £G
Flameproof is the only one of the methods of explosion protection in which an explosion is permitted. However
this explosion must be contained by the strongly constructed flameproof enclosure. The hot products of combustion
are cooled as they escape from the endosure via the various flamepaths, and will have insufficient thermal energy
to ignite the surrounding atmosphere.
Flameproof Factors Which Influence The
FLAMEPATHS
Dimensions Of The Gap
Length ENCLOSURE
Aftarriepath is any small joint or gap in a flameproof enclosure through which air, gas or the products of an internal
The gap must bn designed long
explosion might pass. Gaps are measured with feeler gauges as they are too small to be determined by the naked enough and narrow enough to
Gap allow adlabatlc compression.
eye which reduces tha anargy of tha
Internal explosion passing
through the gap.
GAP DIMENSIONS
Tha Average Roughness Ot Flame path Surfaces Must Not Exceed fl,3 Micro
Metres.
Although the standards specify that there shall be 110 intentional gap at the joints of flameproof equipment , gaps
Factors Involved Are As Follows :
will inevitably exist due to manufacturing methods tolerances and economics..
,
Installer control Tho Oas Group (IIA, 118 or IIC)
Installer control
When reassembling flameproof equipment, care shouid be taken to avoid getting dirt, paint, etc. in the joints, a: The Internal Volume Of The Encloaure (cm*)
Manufacture control - The Width Of Joint
this might prevent the gaps being closed effectively. Manufacture control ÿ The Type Of Joint (IIC Apparatus)
Hazardous Atmosphere
m *
« .
Type of flame path join Flameproof Motor Flamepath Joints
Flamepath Joints
Threaded joint Spigot joint

Outer °U«"
Inner
Innar
Flanged joint
Inner
OI)|acllvs To piivonl the product ot an Internal
.nptoalon balng tranamlttad to an external
explosive atmosphere Outer
Volume
s iUU cms > IUU cms
Thread Axial Thread Axial
Engagement Length Engagement Length

Thread engagement to be at (east five full threads, to IEC60079-1. > 5 Full Threads > 5mm > 5 Full Threads >8 mm
At least six threads are usually provided in enclosure.

IEC/BSEN 60079-1 TABLE : FLAMEPATH GAP DIMENSIONS
Group I. IIA, MB. IEC IBS EN60079-1. Table 1 Group HC. IEC / BS EN60079-1. Table 2
Maximum gap Maximum gap

mm mm
Mwiimu Minimum
Type of Joint m For a volume For a volume For a volume For a volume Type of Joint width of For a volume For a volume For a volume For a volume
width of CITb cms cmi cmi jointL cmi Cflb cmi cms
mm VS100 10U<VS 500 < v £ 2 OX V>2 000

joint L VS100 10U < V£ 500 500 < v £ 2 000 V>2 000
mm 500
5 0 10
.
- - -
6 U3
.
03
.
02.
Flanged joints 05.
0 T0
.
0 10 .
" "
Flanged, cyindrical 0 0 U 15.8 U 1U 0 10 04 -

. . .
or spigot joints 95.

U.J 0.3 >J2 U.3 U.J 0.2
5 0 U 5 0 u 25 U 1U
.
0 10
.
04 .
a4 .
12.5 U4 03 02 U4 03 02 U4 0 30 02 U4 U2 01
. . . . . . . . .
Sÿgot c£6mm 12.5 U 15

.
0 15
.
0 15
.
-
0 U u 0 0 U 0 U 0 0 5
25 05 04 02 U5 04 02 05
"
U 40 02 U5 U4 02 joints d S 0.5L 25 0 18(i

.
0 18=
.
0 18tj
.
0 18b
.
. . . . . . . . . .
0 0 U 0 0 U 0 U 0 0 0 L=c+d 020l 0 20; 02a 0 20:

(Figure 40 . .
6 UJ
.
03
.
U2
0 U U 2a) f£ 1mm
Cylindrica Sleeve
tearing 95 U3 03 02 U3 U3 02
. . . . . . .
6 U 1U
.
- - "
joints for 5 5 U U 5 0 U
shaft T2.5 U4 03 02 U4 03 02 U.30 02 U.4 U2 Cylindrical joints 95 U 1U 0 10
V
ÿ "
. . .
. . . . . .
glands of 0 5 5 0 0 U U 0 0
Spigot joints 12.5 U 15 0 15 0 15 "
rotating 25 04
. . .
U.5 04
.
03.
U5
. .
02 U5 .
TJ.40 02 05
.
U4
.
02 .
electrical 0 0 o o 0 5 0 U 5 0 0 0 (Figure 2b) 25 U I5.

0 15 .
0 15
.
0 15 .
machines 40 ud 05 04 ud 05 03 Ud U 5U 03 Ud 05 02
. . . . . . . . . . . .
40 U 20 0 20 0 20 0 20
with: 0 0 U 0 0 U 0 0 0 0 5
. . . .
6 U4
.
04
.
03.
- - ÿ " - . - ÿ - Cylindrical joints for 6 U 15
.
ÿ ÿ ÿ
Rolling- 5 5 U
shaft glands of rotating 15:5 U 15 0 15 - -
ÿ0 5 05 03 tf.5 04 02
. .
eiemsnt . .
04
. . . .
-
tearing 0 5 5 0 0 5 electrical machines 12.5 U 25

.
0 25 .
0 25
.
-
12.5 06 05 04 06 04 03 06 U 45 03 06 03 02
. . . . . . . . . . . .
with roling element 25 U 25 0 25 0 25 0 25

0 0 o o 5 U 0 0 0 0 0 . . . .
25 07 06
.
04.
u/
.
06
.
04 .
07 0 60
.
04.
U7 06
.
03 bearings 4-0 0 30
.
0 30 .
0 30
.
0 30 .
5 0 5 5 o U 5 0 5 0 0
40 U3
.
07
.
06.
U8
.
07
.
04 .
U8 .
U 75
.
04.
08
.
07
.
04
0 5 U 0 5 5 o 5 0 5 0 . Flanged joints are permitted for explosive mixtires of acetylene and air only in accordance with 5.2.7
; Maximum gap of cyindrical part increased to 020 mm if f < 0.5 mm
NOTE: Constructional values rounded according to ISO 31-0 should be taken vtfien deterrrining the maximum : Maximum gap of cylindrical part increased to 0.25 mm if f < 0.5 mm
gap. NOTE: The constructional values rounded according to ISO 21 -O should be taken when determining the
maximum gap
OBSTRUCTION OF FLAMEPATHS
External Clearances fnom Gaps to Obstruction
There should be some clearance between any flameproof flange joint and surrounding obstructions such as other
plant, masonry, steelwork, etc. this clearance is to allow any hot gases or products of an internal explosion to pass
freely into the surrounding atmosphere.
IECIBS ENG0079-14 states that the obstruction of flanged joints must be avoided unless the equipment has been
,
tested at smaller distances than those shown in the table below.
A solid object such as a wall steelwork, conduit, bracket, or other equipment etc., in close proximity to the opening
,
at the joint can in the event of an internal explosion, reduce the efficiency of the flame path to the extent that
,
ignition of the external qas could occur.

Obstruction
Gas Group Distance
IIA 10 mm
IIB 30 mm
IIC 40 mm
EX THREAD ADAPTORS AND STOPPING PLUGS Split pin
Screwdriver slot
A flameproof adaptor (or reducer) may be used if the entry hole thread is not the same as the cable gland thread. -
I Special fastener
If a cable gland has different thread from the cable entry, then use a 'component certified' thread adaptor with the
correct thread sizes, engaged by at least 5 full threads. Interior Exterior
An unused cable entry shall be sealed with a flameproof stopping plug (blanking element}.
Adaptors and plugs must have at least five full threads of engagement Hexagon recess
IEC6G079-1 clarifies that

°
Each entry shall have no more than one thread adaptor fitted" and Hexagon head
"
A blanking eiement shaft not be used with a thread adaptor

Shearable neck
An unused cable/conduit entry in a flameproof enclosure must be closed using onecomponent certified,
metal stopper with the correct thread size engaged by at least 5 full threads. Stoppers should be fftted with the
,
certification details visfcle , for inspection Plastic Stoppers are unacceptable.
, \
Ek da
PRESSURE PILING
Pressure piling is a term used to describe a phenomenon which can occur within an Ex 1d" certified enclosure. If the
inside of a flameproof enclosure is partially divided by a partition or obstruction into two sections then, if a
flammable gas is ignited in the larger section, the expanding gas would presume compress the unlit gas in the
smaller section. This gas would rnevrtably ignite and; because it is at a pressure greater than normal then it
becomes ignited, the resultant explosion would develop considerably greater explosion pressure than if it had not
been pre-pressured.
An explosion at one side of an obstacle pre-compresses the flammable mixture at the other side resuming in a
,
secondary explosion that can reach an explosion pressure around Itiree times that of the initial explosion. The
increased pressure could cause structuraE damage.
Pressure piling can occur as a result of sub-division or due to some unauthorised modification of the
interior of a flameproof enclosure, which prevents the natural development of an explosion.
To prevent pressure piling, manufacturers must ensure that in any cross-section within an enclosure, there is
adequate free space around any potential obstruction which may be a large component or a number of
,
components (typically 20 - 2S% of the total cross-section).
frd;un wii'
Ingress Protection Methods
Gaskets can be incorporated into the design of flameproof enclosures. Any such gaskets would be metallic or
made from a nor-flammable compressed material contained in a metallic sheath. Removal of \he gaskets or
changing them for home-made gaskets invalidates the certificate. Replacements should be Die equipment
"
manufacturer s approved type
IP66 Ingress Protection Methods (applied by the Manufacturer)

Use of paint
WEATHERPROOFING AND CORROSION PROTECTION
Whilst the surfaces of the flameproof joint must not
Flameproof machines are not always rain or waterproof. be painted, painting (by the user) of the complete
Additional measures such as additional canopy or open sided enclosure ma)' be fitted to comply with the assembly is
requirement in IEC60079-14 thai flameproof joints must be protected against corrosion inclement weather and the
, permitted. Some paint will inevitably penetrate into
heat of the sun. Manufacturersr documentation may address joint protection. the outermost part of the gap and the use of non-
hardening
Use of grease for corrosion protection
Non-setting grease or agents without evaporating solvents may be used on the machined flamepath joint
surfaces for corrosion protection. One such agent is available in the form of a PESO
grease (high temperature type grease) specifically approved for flamepath use, and wili inhibit the formation of rust
on Stiese surfaces. Silicone based greases are also suitable, but require careful consideration in order to avoid
possible damage to the elements of gas detectors. Petroleum bases greases can cause rubber (O-rings, gaskets.
seals etc) to perish - so beware!
USE OF TAPE
If environmental conditions aie extreme , non-hardening grease-bearing textile tape (dense tape) may be
applied outside straight flanged joints subject to the following limitations of use:
,
Non-hardening tape maybe applied around the flamepath of equipment with flanged joints
of group UA equipment by applying one layer only with a shorr overlap
For group HB equipment providing the gap :s less than 0.1mm one layer with a short
,
overlap may be applied around fianged joints.
Tape must not be used on Group IIC (or IIB+Hi) equipment

Use of Drain/Breather (Ex d componeni certified)
CABLE GLANDS SELECTION, INSTALLATION PRACTICE
If Ihe Ex d' enclosure is direct enlry or has an Ex ,d, indirect entry terminaE chamber, then Itie cable glands must be
certified Ex d. Ex de or barrier gland.
A barrier gland includes an epoxy resin compound which consolidates the cable cores and provides a pressure
tight seal. in Wie event of an explosion in ttie Ex d enclosure this sea] prevents flammable gas or combustion
,
products being forced JJimugh ttie spaces between the cable cores to be released in jfie safe area or in other Ex
equipment (possibly containing a flammable atmosphere).
Glands for En de equipment'. Sf the flameproof enclosure has an Ex e, indirect entry terminal chamber. then any
certified 1Ex e; or dual certified ,Ex d ! Ex e, gland may be used.
Glands for Ex d [L] equipment If a flameproof enclosure contains I.S associated apparatus, then atl glands
entering the enclosure including those on the JS output cable, must be Ex d types according to the above
,
procedure.
Direct entry Indirect entry Ex de
Ex d or Ex e or
Ex d I Ex e (dual cert) or Ex d Barrier type Ex d / Ex e (dual cert)

FLAMEPROOF Ex d or EEx d SELECTION CHART FOR CABLE GLAND REF; IEC 60079-14
CABLE GLANDS SELECTION, INSTALLATION

PRACTICE
The flowchart applies if thermoplastic, thermosetting or
elastomeric cable is used. The cable must be compact,
circular and effectively filled, with extruded bedding.
Any filler must be non-hydroscopic.
C03Stli?
eidosjre
nntain an
irt«m3
source of
ignton?
Goes tie Ls?asutatl€
haiaidDus cable entry
gas requrs device witi a
sealng nng
Appy instatanon
Zore1?
(di or(c)
Is :he "
' diroeo""
tne
enclosi/e
grecterihar
2dmJ? ,
e j Any suitable certified

eg Exd Ex d or Exd/Ex e gland
Barrier gland
MODIFICATION OF FLAMEPROOF ENCLOSURES
Flameproof enclosures are supplied complete with all internal components fitted and certified as a single entity by a recognised test authority. The testing procedure
will take into account the free internal volume after all the components have been fitted, the temperature rise (determined by the maximum power dissipation),
creepage and clearance distances, and the rise in pressure as a result of an internal explosion using a gas/air mixture in its most explosive proportions. The
certification effectively “freezes” the design of the equipment so that any unauthorised modifications will invalidate the approval/certification. Therefore, the
following points should be observed.
a) Replacement of components should always be exactly the same as the original specified components in order to avoid infringement of the certification. A
component larger or smaller than the original will affect the internal geometry of the enclosure. Pressure piling is a possibility if a larger component is fitted, and increased volume
will result if a smaller component is fitted
Replacement of 'A, with a Replacement of 1A' with a smaller

larger item item
MODIFICATION OF FLAMEPROOF ENCLOSURES
b) Adding components is also forbidden because of the possibility of increased explosion pressure as a result of pressure piling.
c) The removal of components must also be avoided since an increase in the free internal volume will result. The original test results, prior to
certification, would be compromised as a result of a modification.
d) Drilling and tapping of cable gland/conduit entries should only be carried out by the manufacturer of the enclosure, or his approved agent.
The threads of the entries are required to be compatible with those of cable glands or conduit (type of thread, thread pitch and clearance tolerance) since
flamepaths exist at these points.
e) Alignment of the threaded entry should be correct, since the flamepath length at one side will be reduced if the cable gland or conduit is not
perpendicular to the face of the enclosure.
The fallowing are considered also as unauthorized modifications:
Use of wrong size and type of unused hole sealing plug

Use of wrong size and type of cable entry gland
M is u s e of co nstruction a I screws or bolts
Attaching cable brackets using cover fixing bolts

Drilling holes without manufacturer,s authorization
Adding t removing gaskets
Using hardening sealants or tapes
Changing layout of components

R e m ovi ng or o m itting compon e nts
INSPECTION FOR EX d EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATION
The list below are some examples of faults that may be found when conducting inspection of Ex d equipment and
installations. Check that:
ÿ Equipment nairieptate data is the same as the material specification and /or with dala shown on the
drawing
I Equipment is installed as shown on the as built drawing.

ÿ Equipment is appropriate to the Zone, EPL requirement of the location.
ÿ Equipment group is appropriate to the location.

I Equipment temperature classification is appropriate to the location.
ÿ Equipment ambient rating is correct
ÿ Equipment and accessories should be Ex certified materials.

ÿ All cover bofts are the correct type and all fitted tight.
I All unused cable giand entries are closed with Ex certified stoppers or blanking plugs
I Cable insulation has no damage.

I Cable glands are tightly installed.
ÿ Cable glands components are complete.
I Lamps are the correct wattage
ÿ Conductors are tightly terminated in Uie terminals with ferrules.
I Conductors are terminated in accordance with the connection diagram.
I Flame paths of flanged joints are rot obstructed..

"
ÿ Flame path surfaces are damage free t.e r rse of corrosion. scores / scratches.
,
FLAMEPROOF Ex d or EEx d , IEC60079-17;2013 /BSEN 60079-16:2014 Table 1: Inspection Schedule for Ex d, Ex e, and
Ex n Installations
Fi "It" Fi 1f" Fx "n" Ex "d" Ex -e- E« -n"
Cx-ttD" Ex-trtD"
ChecK trat: Check that:
X = required for all types n = type "n" only. 1 = type T and tD" only Grade of inspection
tiiaae 01 inspection
X - ncqtirod for al types n ÿ typo "n* »nly. t - typs *t, ard ":C* only
D C V D C V D C V
D c V D c V 0 c V
14 Condition of enclosure gaskets is satisfactory X X X
A GENERAL (ALL E3UIPMENT|
15 Tnere Is no evidence of ingress of water or dust in the enclosure in accordance X X X
1 Eqilprrenl is appropriate to the E=L/Zone r»qu rem«n:s of ÿhe location X X X X X X X X X with tne IP rating
16 Dimensions of nanged |omt gaps are X
2 Equpinail yioip is cuiied X X X X > X
- within the limits in accordance with manufacturer s documentation or
Fqi iprrent tempera! ire cla*« 15 rnr-prt (inly 'nr gas) X X X > r n
-
within minimum values permitted by relevant construction standard at time
4 Cqilprrent maximtm surface tempereture Is correct t 1
of installation or
5 Deoree of protection ( P crace) of equipment s aporoprate for tie level sf X X X X X X X X X -

within maionum values permitted by site documentation
Drotc:t orwgoup/conductwity
17 Electrical connections are tight X X
6 Eqciprreni circuii nenuiica:ion 15 eorteci X X X
ie unused terminals are tightened X n
7 Equpment circuit identification Is availabU X X X X X X X X X 1# Endosedbreak and hermetically sealed devices are undamaged n
8 Enclosure, glass pjits «nJ glass-lo-metal sealing gaskets audio tunpjunUs X X X X X X X X X 20 Encapsulated components are undamaged X n
v<* satislar.ln-y
21 Flameproof components are undamaged X n
9 There is no damage or unajthorlzed modifications X X X 22 Restricted breathing enclosure is satisfactory - ( type *nR" only) n
10 There is ro evidence of unauthorized rrodifications X X > X X X 23 "

Test port if fitted is functional- (type "nR only)
,
n
11 Bol:s cablc entry dcviccs (dlrcct ard indirect; and bailing elements arc of the 24 Breathing operation is sabsfacto<y- (type "nR" only) X X n
corre:t type and are conpiet? anc ognt 25 Breathing and draining devices are satisfactory X X X X n n
-
ohysical check X X X X X X EQUIPMENT SPECIFIC (LIGHTING)
-
VlSldl check X X X 26 Fluorescent lamps are not indicating EOL effects X X X X X X
1? 27 HID lamps are not indicating EOL effects X X X X X X X X X

Threaded nnvors rm Rnrlnsuio* atp of lh» c,orror.t type ire tight and «ec irod
28 Lamp type, rating pin configuration and position are correct X X X
-
ahysical check X X
EQUIPMENT SPECIFIC IMOTORS)
-
/istai che:k X
29 Motor fans have sufficient clearance to tne enclosure and/or covers cooling X X X X X X X X X
13 Joint surfaccc arc slcan and undamaged and gaskets, it cny, arc satisfactory X systems are undamaged, motor foundations have no indentations or cracks
3na positioned corectiy 30 The ventilation airflow Is not impeded X X X X X X X X X
FLAMEPROOF Ex d or EEx d , IEC60079-17;2013 /BSEN 60079-16:2014 Table 1: Inspection Schedule for Ex d, Ex e, and
Ex n Installations
tx "fl" tx "e" tx ~n,

It Iniumtx* feiifiaret (iR) of iha moior n muitwttry X X X
Ex"t'tD*
Chsck that:
B INSTALLATION - GENERAL G ads of inspection
~
X » lequned foi d 1 lypes, n = type "if Ji ly, 1 = lÿpe *1° .11)0 "ID*gnly
1 Tÿpe of caw$is mrcgrtot* X X X 0 C V D c V D C V
11 Cables rot in use are correct y terminated X X X

1 Tli*r# It no obvioiiKlimw lotahlci X X X X X X X X X
12 oosructions adjacent to flameproof nangea joints are in accorcaice with X X X
3 Seÿiidfl tfl DynmwJ, Ui/Os, flp« mtffw csntfuil* it tifcbtlory X X X X X X X X X IEC 60079-14
1 X O Vansbe voltage/freqiency ir»stala:ion complies with docurreitaton X X X X X X

Slopping bo* as arid tabl* bd*H &rS tOfliClly flllid
INSTALLATION - HEATING SYSTEMS
s Inltgnly of conduit tyiltm mil <MfliTjtf vrilh mi rod iy*l*m m Jintdlnc-d X X X
14 Tenperÿtvre ;eisois function accordirg to nanjfacturer*j documents X X I
& E1rml ng connexions, Including any suptinflttfltffy earihing bonding
15 Sd'e y tul olf Jtvn.es fuiclu i .Jttoidiny lu niaiiur*Kluier*s Uocji lenls X X I
Conn#£lioni a:« tali-ifjclory (lor iÿanpk' (ormpctlDfn art llglil and condutlors
are ol sufficient cfois-secua n i 16 The setting of the safety cut off is sealeo X X X X
- primal th«k X X X 1» Reset of a heatlnc system safety cut off aossible with tool only X X X X
18 Au:o-reset is not possible X X X X

- vis ua! e h-e cfc
.
* X X X X X
10 Reset of a oafoty cut ofl under fault concitons is prevcrtcd X X
7 Faun lMt> iiWfdiiitt UN tytMptt) or tarihlng rdiiiisnti I IT lyilimi) i* X X
20 Safety cut off ndependent from control system X X
sjitislaclOff
21 Level switch is I isialleUamJ cuiiectly set, if lequiied X X
X X X
22 Flew switch is Irstailed and correctly sst II required X X
poulQI«}
INSTALLATION - MOTORS
Auisffljlic eleclpicsl prqletllue assets optuls *i!hin parqinted Omits X X X
23 Motor protection devices ope-ate within the permitted /fc A time
or ,* limits. X
ID Specific Cand-tri'ris ohl&e 1 it applicable] ar* ccmpiittd wlh X X X
C ENVIRONMENT
1 Equipment is adequately protected agairsl corrosion, weather, vibration and X X X X X XXX X

ctrer sa/erse factors
2 No uncus accumulation of dust and cirt X X X X X XXX X
3 Electrical msulallcn is dean and dry X X
(D - detailed, C - close. V - visual)

Increase safety Ex e or EEx e
standard
Current constructional standards Sparking
Equipment
ILC KUDÿ/ 2WH cqui.piTieni profeclion by increased safer/ e Not permitted Hingci
BS EN60079-7: 2007 Component
CWOftod terminal*
l_lea,
<Mn4
Codes of Practice Dissipation
Controlled
IfcU BUD/!M4:HJ13 Explosive almosptieres: FaitTÿrecTrical irislalFalrons design.
BS ENS0079-14 2014 selection & ereclion Karth stud
IE6 50079-17:2013 Explosive aJ-mosphe-res Pari 17 Electrical installations inspection

CcrttflcttSon libel
BS EN60Q79-17: 2014 and maintenance
Ambient Temperatures: Normally - 20 To + 40 °C
DEFINITION (IEC 60079-7)

A type of protection applied to electrics! apparatus in which additional measures are la ken to give increased Protection Zone Equipment ATEX
security against the possibility of excessive temperatures and of the occurrence of arcs and sparks in normal
,
Type Of Use EPL Category
:
Exe 1 &2 Gb 2G
service or under specified fault cmdiltons .
Specified fault conditions include foreseeable abnormal operation such as motor overload or lamp failure.
Principle design future :
ÿ Mechanically strong enclosure resistantto impact.

ÿ Minimum ingress protection rating of IP54.
U Use of certified terminals wliich are de-iated.
I Mumber of terminals fitted are limited
ÿ Only one conductorto be fitted perterminai side5 unless permitted otherwise by certification.
ÿ Electrical protection, suitably rated size of fuses or circuit breakers
ÿ S pecifie d cree page and clea ra nee d isla nces in corps rated in the design of terrain a Is.
INCREASED SAFETY TERMINALS
The terminals installed in an Increased Safety enclosure must be ;component certified'. They will be manufactured
from high quality materials such as Mela mine Polyamide and, for special applications, ceramic. These materials,
,
which have good thermal stability, have been subjected to a Comparative Tracking Index (CTI)" test to determine
their resistance to tracking.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TERMINALS ARE:
D Must be designed to allow the conductor to be easily inserted and clamped

D Contact pressure is maintained without reducing the cross sectional area of the conductor.
ÿ Have a positive locking device to prevent conductors working loose by vibration
C Meet the specified creepaae distances as detaiied in the standard EN/I EC 60079-7
» vvVvVvV-SVv\Wvv
ÿ Tern peratu re li mitatio n

Definitions:
ÿ Current de-rating of the terminals of 50%.
Creepage and Clearance Distances Clearance Distance: The shortest distance through
air between two conductors
Clearance and creepage paths Creepage Distance: The shortest distance between
extend to adjacent clamping
screw two conductors along the surface
of an insulator.
Clearance
Clearance Distance
"
Creepage Distance
Jul
1
INSULATION BLOCK
CttllMH IM CrHMO> »ltM l«
Terminal Locking Device .attfX (. una
_
creepage
path 26.4mm
Creepage Distances Relative to Voltage and Grade of Insulation
Increase safety Ex e or EEx e The following table from BS EN60079-7 shows the creepage distances relative to the grade
of material and applied voltage.
Increased Safety Terminal Types and Ratings
Voltage (see note 1) Minimum creepage distance Minimum clearance
The terminals are de-rated so that the maximum current for Increased Safety applications is U r.m.s a.c. or d.c. (mm) (mm)
nearly half that for standard industrial applications as illustrated in the following table for (V) Material group
1 II Ilia
enclosures manufactured to BS 5501 Part 6. This de-rating along with other considerations.
,
10 I see note 3 ) 16
.
16 16
.
16
.
ensures that internal and external surface temperatures are kept within prescribed limits. 12 5 16
.
16 16
.
16
.
19 16 16 16 16
The table below also shows the maximum conductor size for each terminal type . . .
16
.
16
20 16 16 . .
25 17
.
17
.
17
.
17
.
32 18 18 18
.
18
.
40 19 24 30 19
Increased Safety Industrial Maximum . . . .
Terminal Conductor 50 2 1 26 34.

2 1
.
Maximum Current Current

. .
Size 03 2 1 26 34 2 1
Type . . . .
(amps) (amps) 80 22
.
28 36.
22
.
100 24 30
.
38.
24
.
SAK 2.5 25 15 27 125 25 32 40 25

. . . .
160 32
.
40
.
5 32
.
SAK 4 4 21 36 200 40
.
50 63.
40
.
250 50
.
63
.
80.
50
.
SAK 6 6 26 47 320 63
.
80
.
100 60
.
400 80
.
10 0 125 60
.
500 10.0 12 5 16 0 80
SAK 10 10 37 65 .
630 12.0 16.0 20.0 10.0

800 16.0 20 0 25 0 12.0
SAK 16 16 47 87 1000 20.0 25 0 32.0 14.0
1250 22.0 26 0 32.0 18.0
SAK 35 35 75 145 1600 23.0 270 32.0 20.0
2000 25.0 28 0 32.0 23.0
2500 32.0 360 40.0 29.0
SAK 70 70 114 220
3200 40.0 45 0 500 36.0
4000 50.0 56 0 63.0 44.0
5000 63.0 71.0 80 0 50.0
6300 80.0 90 0 100 0 60
8000 100.0 110.0 1250 80.0
10000 125.0 140.0 160 0 100.0
Note 1: Voltages shown are derived from I EC 60664-1 The working voltage may exceed
the voltages given in the table by 10%. This is based on the rationalisation of
supply voltages given in table 3b of IEC 60664-1
Note 2: The creepage distance and clearance values shown are based on a maximum
supply voltage tolerance of +10%.
Note 3: At 10 V and below, the value of CTI is not relevant and materials not meeting the
requirement for material group Ilia may be acceptable.
Increase safety Ex e or EEx e Component Approved Terminal Group
Terminal Locking Device
It is essential that conductors are securely connected in the terminals to prevent sparks occurring as a result
of loose connections The illustration below shows how this is achieved.
s
- BOTH -
T -
LEAVES
TKHEA6ED
£3j
Mounting fail;
licinvcl income
2 . Terminals - certified somponents;
End plate;
ftlVTtflrw tor
4 .
End bracket; nfcing tarnria*
5 D i stance si eÿve;
Irn
7*i shirt Toe Ion/
6 Partition; ll™
Gomel t tripping
7 Copper cross-connection;
mnnnnr
.
8 Zinc plated screw;

S .
Copper cross-connection;
toft*
10. Copper cross-connection
EARTHfNG EX V TERMINAL BOXES
Certified Ex e terminal boxes must be provided with an internal or external ground connection of an adequate size
for the wiring configuration.
The main internal/external ground connection must be connected to the main system earth with the correct
cotoured wire of adequate size minimum 4 mm2. All exposed metal parts must be grounded together and to the
main ground terminal.
ENCLOSURES CABLE GLAND SELECTION AND INSTALLATION
Minimum requirements in installing cable glands and accessories
1. Metal enclosure with threaded entry 6 mm long and higher
Fit or thread the gland
2. Metal enclosure that has clearance entry hole or unthreaded entry and without
removable gland plate Fit gland, IP washer on the outside, serrated washer and
locknut inside the enclosure
3. Metal enclosure that has clearance entry hole or unthreaded entry and with
removable gland plate Fit gland, earth tag, IP washer on the outside, serrated
washer and locknut inside the enclosure
4. Plastic enclosure with clearance entry hole or unthreaded entry and no internal
continuity plate Fit gland, earth tag, IP washer on the outside, and locknut inside the
enclosure
tE time
0 The tE time is defined as: The time taken to reach the limiting temperature from the temperature
reached in normal service, when carrying the starting current Ia at maximum ambient temperature.
INCREASED SAFETY EEX e / EX e MOTORS
These motors are similar in appearance to standard industrial motors and inspection of
Max limiting temperature
the certification/rating plate is usually necessary to identify them. Increased safety C = Limiting temperature.
motors are generally intended for continuous duty only

B = Maximum temperature at rated current
These motors are not designed to withstand an internal explosion, but have special
design features to prevent arcs, sparks and excessive surface temperatures occurring Tenperature in Rated Senrtca A = Maximum ambient temperature.
both internally and externally. The explosive gas penetrates inside the motor without a .
1
any risks of explosion because: Mwimum Ambifliit
C = Temperature.
A Temperature rise at rated current = (1)
1. All parts inside the motor do not exceed the temperature class for which the motor is
jurs i Temperature rise during locked rotor test= (2)
approved Time *
2. In abnormal situation the motor is switch off before the inside temperature reached Rotor locked
the temperature class of motor

3. No risks at all that sparks occur due to the material selected for the relevant
D tE = Time at rated current from maximum temperature B to limiting temperature C
components, specific design regarding connection and clearances of moving parts.
0 fc time (sees) and starting current ratio Ia/In are shown on the nameplate
4. The safe operation of these motors is dependent on the thermal overload relay in
the motor starter tripping the supply to the motor should it go into a stall condition.
5. Under stall (locked rotor) conditions, the rotor surface temperature will normally
increase faster than that of the stator windings, and hence the T-rating applies to
both internal and external surface temperatures. Under fault conditions, the
motor protection device must trip within the tE time specified on the motor
data plate.
6. The tE time marked on the rating plate indicates the time within which tripping
must occur when attempting to re-start the motor from hot condition
Inspection of Ex e equipment and enclosures
Listed below are some of the common faults that need to be checked when inspecting Ex e enclosures:
Check that:
ÿ All cover bolts are fitted and tight

ÿ All unused cable entries are closed using certified stoppers
ÿ Cable glands are properly fitted and tight
ÿ Cable gland accessories property installed
ÿ Cover seals are free from damage
ÿ IP seal installed on unthreaded holes less than 6 mm
ÿ Conductors are secure in terminals
ÿ No more than 1 mm of conductor is exposed between core insulationand terminal

ÿ Partitions are fitted at either side of links or jumper.
ÿ Terminals are free of damage
ÿ The cores from different cable glands are not together in a single loom
ÿ Equipment temperature class is correct
Increase safety Ex e or EEx e IEC60079-17;2013 /BSEN 60079-16:2014 Table 1: Inspection Schedule for Ex d, Ex e, and Ex n Installations

Cx-ttD" Ex-trtD"
n"
" "
only. 1 = type T and tD only Grade of inspection

X - ncqtirod for al types n ÿ typo "n* »nly. t - typs *t, ard ":C* only tiiaae 01 inspection X = required for all types n = type
D C V D C V D C V
D c V D c V 0 c V
-
of installation or

v<* satislar.ln-y

,
n
-
-

-
ahysical check X X
-
/istai che:k X
Increase safety Ex e or EEx e IEC60079-17;2013 /BSEN 60079-16:2014 Table 1: Inspection Schedule for Ex d, Ex e, and Ex n Installations

Ex"t'tD*
Chsck that:
B INSTALLATION - GENERAL G ads of inspection
~


-
primal th«k X X X 1» Reset of a heatlnc system safety cut off aossible with tool only X X X X

-
vis.ua! e h-e cfc * X X X X X
7 Faun lMt> iiWfdiiitt UN tytMptt) or tarihlng rdiiiisnti I IT lyilimi) i* X X X
sjitislaclOff
1 Automata tiectncai pfBlectlir* dt4k« »t sei ttnitfly tiuW-rewl iwl X X X
poulQI«}
or ,* limits. X
C ENVIRONMENT


Non spark Ex n or EEx n TYPE ‘n’ EQUIPMENT VARIATIONS
nA - components used in construction are non-sparking
standard
Current constructional standards
nC - components used in construction are non-incendive. Sparking
IEC t>00f9-1b: 2010
equipment are suitably protected. This technique has now been removed
blectrical apparatus tor explosive gas atmospheres. Hart lb: 1 ype
BS EN60079-15: 2007
" " from the Ex ‘n’ standard and is now included in IEC60079-18 as
of protection n .
IEC 60079-0
encapsulation ‘mc’. Ex ‘nC’ ≡ Ex ‘mc’
EN 60079-0 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres. Part 0; General
nR - components used are tightly enclosed to restrict the breathing and
requirements. prevent ignition
Codes of Practice
nL - components used in construction do not contain enough energy to
ItC 600ÿ9-14: 2013
cause an ignition. Equipment to type protection ‘nL’ may be used in an
Explosive atmospheres: Part 14 Electrical installations design,
BS EN60079-14: 2014 selection & erection
intrinsically safe íc’ circuit
IEC 60079ÿ17: 2013 Explosive atmospheres: Part 17 Electrical installations Inspection Hermetically Sealed Device Enclosed-Break Device
BS EN60079-17: 2014 and maintenance

A type of protection applied to electrical equipment such that, in normal operation
and in certain specified regular expected occurrences, it is not capable of igniting
Reed Ralay: Fusion sealed In glass envelope
a surrounding explosive gas atmosphere’. This protection prevents sparks or any A dovico which prevents an external gat
exceeding surface temperature from occurring in normal situation for which or vapour gaining access to the Interior by
sealing of joints by fusion, e.g. welding.
soldering, braiing or fusion of glsss to
the equipment is certified. metal.
Example Equipment
Ex nA Motor
Protection Zone Ei|Lil|)n>Qnr ATEX Example of Ex nR Equipment
Of Una EPL The explosion protection Is Ex nR will

Type Category
have a restricted breathing seal on the
Ex n 2 only Gc 3G enclosure.
Non spark Ex n or EEx n
ENCLOSURES CABLE GLAND SELECTION AND INSTALLATION
Principle design future :
Ex *n' gland certification
1 , M uchanlca II y strong on ctosu re res lutant to tm pact.
Ingress pi otectioi i against solid objects and water-at According to the latest (2007) standards, cable glands for Ex n (and for Ex e) must be certified as meeting the
least ll' 54 far internal hare live parta.
requirements of IEC 60079-0.
l ho use of certified E* *. En i# glands en i>f January 2U0R,
4 .
(.uminatlea - Lvimps lhal have non ctinilucllve end r;aps
Certified Ex e glands are suitable for Ex n use under the new standards
with n conductive coming are pmhlliftod untaa* (hoy tinvt*
bean tented wlih the (tqulpmunt,
S , Terminals manufactured from JiJgh quality inauiallim Ex nR cable entries
material.
6 , Specified creepspa and clearances incorporated In Gland entries on some Ex nR equipment require the use of special sealing arrangements. If so, restricted
daatgn of terminal*. breathing seals or washers will be provided by the equipment manufacturer. Consult the particular Ex nR
7
, Tormina) locking devfees to endure conductors equipment documentation to see if restricted breathing seals are required, or if normal IP seals may be used.
remain secure in service.
to maintain the restricted breathing properties of Ex nR equipment via the actual cable glands, certified Ex d/Ex el
a
. The use of certified de-rating terminals an of 2008. *
Ex nR glands are now available, and should be used where applicable.
Non spark Ex n or EEx n
INSTALLATION / CONNECTION TO TYPE OF PROTECTION n
The connection of cables to equipment shall be effected by means of appropriate type of cable gland
To meet the IP requirement a seal is required between the cable gland and the enclosure (a sealing
,
washer or thread sealant)

For Ex nR use restricted breathing washer in lieu of the IP washer
Threaded adapters may be fitted into the cable entry holes.
Unused entries in the enclosure shall be sealed by certified blanking elements and able to maintain IP
54 or that required by the location whichever is higher.
,
For slot type terminals more than one conductor may be permitted. Ensure each conductor is adequately
,
clamped.
The insulation of each conductor shall be maintained up to the metal of the terminal to avoid the risk of
,
short circuits between adjacent conductors in terminal blocks.

Non spark Ex n or EEx n IEC60079-17;2013 /BSEN 60079-16:2014 Table 1: Inspection Schedule for Ex d, Ex e, and Ex n Installations

Cx-ttD" Ex-trtD"
X = required for all types n = type "n" only. 1 = type T and tD" only Grade of inspection
tiiaae 01 inspection
X - ncqtirod for al types n ÿ typo "n* »nly. t - typs *t, ard ":C* only
D C V D C V D C V
D c V D c V 0 c V
-
of installation or

v<* satislar.ln-y

,
n
-
-

-
ahysical check X X
-
/istai che:k X
Non spark Ex n or EEx n IEC60079-17;2013 /BSEN 60079-16:2014 Table 1: Inspection Schedule for Ex d, Ex e, and Ex n Installations

Ex"t'tD*
Chsck that:
B INSTALLATION - GENERAL G~ads of inspection


-
primal th«k X X X 1» Reset of a heatlnc system safety cut off aossible with tool only X X X X

-
vis.ua! e h-e cfc * X X X X X
7 Faun lMt> iiWfdiiitt UN tytMptt) or tarihlng rdiiiisnti I IT lyilimi) i* X X X
sjitislaclOff
1 Automata tiectncai pfBlectlir* dt4k« »t sei ttnitfly tiuW-rewl iwl X X X
poulQI«}
or ,* limits. X
C ENVIRONMENT


m InswfcE ostw
Pressurization Ex p or EEx p Refer to: EN/IEC 60079 02
standard "
"TTt
lynilion-i.apahle Does not contain ignition capable

as 2«o? r -
m.ÿr >*d ÿ
p "ictri+. FHp
'
p
.
apparatus apparatus
ÿS SIM CM: K«2 P -
MSirnrtAforBlii! p
'
Zone 1
Gb/2G Ex px Ex py
OS MO 1-3: T 9/r PTthirnd Vpsrilus p
Zone 2
iec tn»/ÿaav 1,
TitTs»ile'TCtKj're p Gc/3G Ex pz No Requirement

FactncsJ wnJiirtf i* fur tapu>niiiÿ«
0S EMWOTO-Mf ?Mfl PrtM Eixtra' rnl»l ilvi! n Wl
hus (Otf* rivir mnw|
tecthral apcat-otLB c"p<?;rne ÿ I J t
r~
?r
> -
L
&S FN£iOa»9 IT ?wt
atniDÿlwi Pan 1T. imMctori jnd ** .
ÿ.:u nt«taaitF4 mm iji.i ii n

J A Of »M Mm«> 1
2*J 1
_
p1-nt lh«r miowl

1
Ex px, Ex py, Ex p*,

Type of protection ‘p’ pressurized equipment, is defined as the technique of guarding

against the ingress of the external atmosphere into an enclosure by maintaining a
protective gas therein at a pressure above that of the external atmosphere
Components which are a source of ignition, (produce arcs/sparks or hot surfaces) are
permitted within theenclosure. Safety is dependent on the maintenance of the safe gas. -
Protection Zone Equipment ATEX
Type or Uhu EPL Category

Ek px 1 & 2 Ob AO
ex py 1 & 2 fib £G
Em pz 2 Gc 3G
Pressurization Ex p or EEx p
Typical application Pressurised Equipment Ex 'p'
1 . Transformer I Rectifier cabinets
Minimum control circuit & safety devices required
2 . Oil drilling control consoles

-
?JI_
3 . Visual Display Units (VDU's)
4 . Gas analysis equipment
5 . Large rotating machines 1 . Over- pressure monitoring device

2 . Protective gas flow-rate monitoring device
3 . Pressure gauge
Pressurisatlon - Purge 4 . Pressure relief valve (kctllng 75% of minimum decinred over-pressure)
During start up or after maintenance a purge cycle is required to Alarm and Control Safety Requirements:
clear-out unwanted flamable gas. This purge cycle shall be Alarm Requirements - Immediate action should oe taken when
automatic for protection type Ex px, it will be timed and specified the alarm is activated .
by the manufacturer, it may be based upon 6 times the enclosure

Instil*« PnckrM»jv#
full volume. Outsldo
F rjiiipnifni nnl
-
Aroa -
Non i Non m**»i«ici Ffÿl ' i»
*
<i-ii|:»rM0rfl rrif < M"k
Zone, Gf ffl/ji/irprrient*-, wMf*roit
Hazardous , Hazardous Hazardous EPL/Cal gvilltpili!
_
ÿ
area - area - area
1
Zono 1 Alarm &

Gb/2G
Alarm
1 Switch Off
Zone 2
1 , A, J Gc/3G
Alarm No Requirement
Rata li> CNntC flfloro 14
t
The ducts should have:
Protective or Safe gas Provided by either: . Adequate mechanical strength
either Air or Inert gaf a .
A motor drlvon fan/blower; . Be properly supported
*
Be located where accidental damage is unlikely
e.g.
b _
A compressor; . Have adequate protection against corrosion
. Argon
Nitrogen c .
Compressed gas contain or Won Located in a cafo
which hat no
Carbon Dioxide Inlet Duct: -
noLircoH of I (i nil Ion
Air to be drawn from a
Air nli ill I tin drawn from Or:
defined non-hazardous doflniirt rion Located In
Ori entry to inlet duct: area, nron. hnznrrioun urea It
tilted with a
1 . Temperature < 10 duy. C; tparWpflrllcJfl
arrentor
2 , Air - Oxyyen content not greater Ihfin 21%
3 .
Inort Gas - Onytjÿn content not greater than 1% Safety Requirements: Use of spark arresters
4 , Free horn moisture, oil, (hist, fibres and chemicals Conditions requiring use of a spark particle barrier on exhaust duct
ÿ ll nil ill Fj'U ItlUlll i
1 FflrtHinn epÿdiln i noes nap octiiiniH ipRiiioi i ,iiflNlv

jippnt rtlffr
Zonu 1
G It/20 Required * Required *
Xono 2
no t at> Required No Requirement
Rntar 10 EWIPC WM9-H
Hot surfaces within enclosure: A device is fitted to prevent

*
rapid entry of gas on failure of pressurisation.

Continuous Flow
Explosion protection concept FRw rate of safe gas to:
Pressurization Ex p or EEx p 1
2
. Maintain overpressure
Cool Internal hot surfaces
.
TECHNIQUES OF PRESSURISATION
Static pressurisation
The technique involves pressurising and sealing the enclosure in a non-hazardous area prior to transportation
into a hazardous area. The seals of the enclosure must be very good to minimise leakage once the source of
the safe gas is disconnected.
Pressurisation with continuous flow

Leakage Compensation utilised with poorly
sealod enclosures
In this technique, there is a continual flow of the safe gas through the enclosure. This type maintains a purge
flow Non
, i.e. a high air-flow, after it has purged the enclosure Usually, the purge flow is less than an initial _
*_
"
Hazardous
Leakage Compensation purge flow to reduce purge-gas consumption. If the enclosure contains equipment area
Flow rate of safe

that releases gas, e.g. a gas analyser manufacturer would recommend a Continuous Flow system.
,
gas reduced to
Pressurisation with leakage compensation compensate for
leakage
This technique of pressurisation is used when enclosures are poorly sealed at their joints.This first purges all Damper
closed on
potentially explosive gas/vapour/dust from the enclosure within a defined time. The unit then switches to a completion
k of purge
lower flow-rate. This flow rate maintains a minimum pressure within the enclosure, replacing air lost through
leakage. Manufacturer sets flow rates, timings and system pressures to suit the application. The purge time Purge cycle as normal
can be manually or automatically controlled. The system comprises: Continuous Dilution

o Control Unit: contains the control-logic, pressure regulators, flow switches and timers. Non Non
Hazardous Hazardous
o Relief Valve: provides the flow sensing point and the enclosure over- pressure protection device. _ Hazardousÿ
' *
*
area .
area
area
Continuous dilution
The analysis of flammable gases usually takes place in pressurised enclosures.

A sample of gas will be drawn into a gas analyser and, after analysis, will be expelled into the interior of the
pressurised enclosure. The safe gas must maintain the over-pressure during and after the initial purge, and
the flow-rate of of the safe gas must be adjusted to dilute the internal concentration of the gas/air mixture to
well below the LEL. Flow rate of safe gas to:
1. Maintain overpressure
Gas detectors may be installed to verify that the atmosphere remains non-hazardous. 2. Dilute sample of flammable material, reloasod
from gas analyser, to at least 25% of LEL
Marking - Pressurisation Systems
A purge and pressurisation control system with a separate certificate is marked as associated equipment
. If the control system is for use in the hazardous area, the marking is:
Ex [p]
If the control system is for use in a non-hazardous area marking is: ,
[Ex p]
The equipment marking must be to IEC 60079-2 & IEC 60079-0, and contain the following information:
1 . Warning sign - "Pressurized enclosure"
2 The manufacturers name
.
3 . Model number, type and serial number

4 .
The symbol Ex, followed by the pressurisation types i.e px, py, or pz
5 . The gas group symbol II, temperature class, or the maximum surface temperature, or both, e.g. T3, or 200
° °
C or 200
, C (T3)
6 The certificate number
.
7 .
The internal free volume excluding the ducts
8 . The protective gas (when a gas other than air is used)
9 .
Details of the minimum purge requirements
10. The minimum and maximum permissible over-pressure
11. The minimum flow of protective gas
12. The min. and max. supply pressure to the system
13. The maximum leakage rate from the enclosure
14. The temperature or temperature range of the safe gas at the inlet duct
15. The point(s) where the pressurisation is to be monitored
Pressurization Ex p or EEx p IEC60079-17;2013 /BSEN 60079-16:2014: Table 3: Inspection Schedule for Ex ’p’ & Ex ‘pD’Installations
Grade of Inspection
ÿhnrh
vHOGK lli l
inf m<i».
Dotalled Close Vlaual
A EQUIPMENT
1 Equipment is appropriate to the EPL/ione requirements of Ihe location X X X
2 Equipment group is correct X X
3 Equipment temperature class or surface temperature is correct X X
4 Equipment circuit identification Is correct X

S Equipment circuit Identification is available X X X
8 Enclosure, glasses and glass to-metal sealing gaskets and/or X X X
compounds are satisfactory

7 There are no unauthorized modifications X
a There are no visible unauthorized modifications X X
9 Lamp rating, type ood position are correct X

B INSTALLATION
1 Typa of cable is appropriate X

2 There Is no obvious damage to cables X X X
3 Earthing connections, including any supplementary earthing bonding

connections, aro satisfactory, for example connections are tight and
conductors are of sufficient cross-section
X
-
physical check X X
- visual check
4 Fault loop impedance (TN systems) or earthing resistance (IT systems) X

is satisfactory
5 Automatic electrical protective devices operate within permitted limits X
6 Automatic electrical protective devices are set correctly

7 Protective gas Inlet temperature is betow maximum specified Xx
8 Ducts, pipes and enclosures are in good condition X X X
9 Protective gas is substantially free from contaminants X X X
10 Protective gas pressure and/or flow is edequato X X X
11 Pressure and/or flow Indlcatora.'alerms and interlocks function correctly X
12 Conditions of spark and particle barriers of ducts for exhausting the gas X
In hazardous area are satisfactory

13 Specific conditions of use (If applicable) are complied wtlh X
C ENVIRONMENT
1 Equipment is adequately protected against corrosion, weather, vibration X X X
and other adverse factors
2 No undue accumulation of dust and dirt X X X

Intrinsic safety Ex I or EEX i Non-Hazardous Hazardous Area
Area
standard
Current constructional standards
IEC 60079-11: 2011 Explosive Atmospheres - Part 11: Equipment protection by intrinsic Inhsrent
'
BS EN60079-11:2007 safety 'i Low Power
IEC 60079-25: 2010 Explosive Atmospheres - Part 25: Intrinsically sate electrical systems
BS EN60079-25: 2004
IEC 60079-27: 2008 Protection of equipment and transmission systems using optical
radiation
Safe Area Field
Codes of Practice Apparatus Apparatus
IEC 60079-14: 2013 Explosive Atmospheres - Part 14: Electrical installations
BS EN60079-14: 2014 design selection and erection
,
Associated Intrinsically
Designer mutt Consider:
IEC 60079-17: 2013 Explosive Atmospheres - Part 17: Electrical installations Apparatus fl . Resistance Safo
BS EN60079-17: 2014 Inspection and maintenance installations in hazardous areas [Ex 'la>) C . Capacitance Apparatus
L - Inductance Ex >la'

A type of protection based on the restriction of electrical energy within equipment
and of interconnecting wiring exposed to the explosive atmosphere to a level below
that which can cause ignition by either sparking or heating effects
Intrinsic Safety is a method of explosion protection used for very low power
applications, typically control and instrumentation circuits Protflcllon Zone EquFpttmnt ATEX
Type Of Ubo EPL Cnlofiory

The non-hazardous area equipment (barrier) limits the available energy into
Ex ia 0, 1 & 2 at 16
the hazardous area to below that which could ignite the most easily ignited gas/air
mixture. The field equipment surface temperature will not cause ignition, even E* lb 1 & 2 Ob 20
under specified fault conditions Ic 2 Gc M
I-* ni di;Liniment rimy ** In Intrinsically n*to 'k,clraull
Intrinsic safety Ex I or EEX i
Intrinsically safe circuit (IS)

A circuit in which any spark or thermal effect, under normal operation and in specified fault conditions, is not
capable of causing ignition of a given explosive gas atmosphere.
Intrinsically safe equipment

Electrical equipment in which all the circuits are intrinsically safe.
Associated apparatus OR interface

Electrical equipment which contains both energy limited and non-energy limited circuits, constructed so that the
non-energy limited circuits cannot adversely affect the energy limited circuits.
Simole Apparatus
Simple apparatus (must appear in the documentation)
Definition - Any device which is resistive by nature and non-energy
An electrical component or group of components of simple construction and well defined e storing may be added to the circuit without jeopardising the
compatible with the intrinsic safety of the circuit in which it is used. integrity of intrinsic safety.
Passive Components: Low Energy Sources:
[Associated Apparatus]
Switches 10A - Capacitors -|-
Associated intrinsically safe equipment, such as power supply 0 O
modules and barriers, may be contained within an Ex d or Ex px Junction Boxes JO Inductors

or Ex pz protection enclosure in Zones 1 or 2.
2CVvResistors -II I - Well defined parameters
Example: Ex d [ ia ]
Potentiometers ~C 1 -
Is a battery considered Simple?

Diodes or LED's
NO
Ex ,i,
Output Sources of Low Generated Energy:
typically thermocouples and photocells,
providing they do not generate more than:
1 5 V
<f
.
100 mA :
lb mW
Zener and Galvanic Comparison
Explosion protection concept Zener Barrier
Intrinsic safety Ex I or EEX i . Low malpalto*

. Leap pmnnd
.«.>!» iMUMout ....
(o
0
Tifcl***
Assiciate apparatus / safety barrier
i f|0|ttJy sufitfollvil stipply |
. HeetiMeil votlsgs
The function of the interface (often termed as I.S. Safety Barrier) is to limit the
energy into the hazardous area. There are two types of safety barrier:
Galvanic Isolator
1. Zener barrier (shunt diode) . Complex low MT0P
2. Galvanic isolation barrier

. Application spsclfl*
. High dissipation (JVA)
. Sspsrsta powsr supply
. Wirist rang* powsr supply
. Hlghar voltage (power)
available in lioth
hstsrtous area a ml
ssrs srsa
I mwr packing danslty
Ssfsty ssrth raduosd
Isolation bstwsen signals
Safety Barrier - The Zener Barrier Galvanic Isolation via an Optical Device
HAZARDOUS ARt A Noo Hsuardous ATM
Hazardous
Levels gf Prflecjlpn Area
Ex la - 2 Component Fault* Zone 0

Haxai rioui
Ex lb -1 component Faults Zone 1 ataa
connection r
£x Ic - 0 component Faults Zone 2
The zener barrier will limit the energy to the Hazardous are by using
the resistor to limit the current.
The zener diode will be used to limit the incut voltage to the
hazardous area.
A major advantage of Galvanic isolation is
that no dedicated IS Earlh Is required. An
How would we test the zener barrier if we suspect it is faulty?
eartnea system may oe a requirement tor
A Disconnect from the circuit and measure the resistance
.
practical reasons, e.g. where one side of a

between input and output.
unit needs to be connected to process
steelwork. Galvanic Isolator Under Fault Conditions
IS Earthing
Explosion protection concept Tha dedicalod high-Integrity earth (IS Earth)
should havo appropriate cable sizes for
Intrinsic safety Ex I or EEX i carrying fault currant.
One core CSA greater than 4mm*
or
IS Erthing Two core CSA greater than 1.5mm>
Non-hazardous area | Hazardous ana

I
A dedicated high-Integrity earth it a
vital (actor in maintaining tha aecurlty
of IS clrculta. particularly whan zaner
barriers are used.
The IS earth must be insulatod from the

surrounding metal work.le plant earth
'
Live maintenance la possible when we wish (o meaaure the '
resistance of the IS earth cores. The result must be lass than 10
Galvanic barriers, operate on a different principle which does not require a high-
Integrity earth, but earthing may be used for interference suppression.
Earthing and Bonding

Instrument
Barrier
Bar
(I S Earth)
Field mounted
Instrument
Junction
bond
Isolated
bond
Internal
components
Cable Screens
Explosion protection concept Where the Interconnecting cables of IS circuits have overall screens,
or groups of conductors with Individual screens, the screens are
Intrinsic safety Ex I or EEX i required to be narthed at one point only, usually the barrier earth bar
or as per loop or hook-up diagram.
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR I.S. CABLES
Installation of Apparatus
The apparatus which makes up an IS installation I.e. field apparatus,
,
associated apparatus and Interface unita are required to be certified to

,
relevant standards and Installed to manufacturers recommendations .
Cables
The conductors of IS cables are required to be Insulated with elastomerlc or

thermoplastic insulation. Only Insulated cables whose conductor-earth ,
conductor-screen and screen-earth test voltages are at !.ÿ«»

500 VAC or 7S0 VDC should be used In Intrinsically safe circuits.
Generally, unused cable cores should be connected to the IS earth
Muiii-strandea canies are preferred to be terruled.
at the interface, and insulated elsewhere by means of connection to
Though no» » m«nH«»r.ry requirement the colour for IS cables and terminal*
,
terminals which are identified In the documentation.
Is preferred to be light blue.
The armouring of cables should be securely bonded to the plant earth .
Clearance Distances
Where IS cables run with other cables (non-IS) provided that the IS or nun
,
IS cables are armoured, metal sheathed or wfttaM mm* ta acceptabi*

Peak Voltage Between terminals of between terminals and
(v) separate circuits (mm) earth (mm)

0-90 6 a
Where IS circuits and non-IS circuits

share the same enclosure, for
example measurement and control
cabinets, adequate segregation must
exist between the two sets of
terminals. This can be achieved by
means of a 50mm aao. Searegation
also applies to tne cables of the two
types of circuit.
Intrinsic safety Ex I or EEX i GLANDING
The type of glands used for I.S cabling depends on the type of protection of the enclosure that they enter.
MAINTENANCE AND TESTING For example, glands for IS cables entering a flameproof enclosure would be certified
After an installation is commissioned and the "as-built" drawings are issued, no unauthorised modifications Ex d or dual certified Ex d/Ex e , or may have to be Ex d barrier type if required by the criteria detailed in Unit 10.
may be made to the system. Any changes found necessary must be approved (and the relevant documentation
issued) by the engineering and design team responsible before they are implemented.
,
INSPECTION GUIDE FOR IS INSTALLATION
1.The components of the installation must be certified I.S., unless identified as ‘Simple’
Testing in the presence of flammable gases requires careful consideration of the circuits to be tested. Test and in the documentation/specifications
2. All equipment must be as specified and included in the documentation, and be
measuring instruments used are to be approved for use in IS circuits, and care must be taken to prevent
suitable for the location area classification and environment
damage by improper use of tools etc. Safety barriers must never be "bridged" by test instruments.
3. Connection facilities (including junction boxes) must be clearly identified or labelled
A zener barrier may be tested to check if the fuse has blown by measuring resistance between the IS and non- to show that the circuits are intrinsically safe.
IS terminals after the barrier has been disconnected from the IS circuit
4. I.S. cables must be identified by colour (light blue) or labelling (unless they are armoured
or have metallic sheath)
Maintenance in the hazardous area on a live IS system should be limited to:-
5. I.S. and non-I.S. cables must be adequately separated (unless either are armoured or
ÿ Disconnection of and removal or replacement of equipment and wiring which are parts of the IS circuit
have metallic sheath)
ÿ Adjustment any controls necessary for calibration of the IS equipment
6. Cable glands must be correct for the enclosure they enter
ÿ Taking electrical measurements using the specific type of test instrument specified in the documentation.
7. Check the earthing of cable screens - they must be earthed at one point only as
ÿ Other maintenance activities specifically permitted in the documentation
shown in the documentation (usually at the I.S. earth bar)
8. Check that I.S. earth is separate from, and not connected to, protective earth, enclosure
Live maintenance on parts of the IS system which are in the safe area should only be done when the location of metal work
the remote equipment has been certified gas-free, or the remote equipment has been disconnected from the 9. Unused cable cores must be insulated from earth and one another using separate
safe area equipment under test. terminals at both ends (or one end may be connected to the same earth point as the IS
circuits)
10. I.S. and non-I.S. circuits must be separated inside enclosures., I.S. and non-I.S. terminals
must have 50mm minimum clearance. Separation also applies to I.S. and non-I.S. wiring and
cores from I.S. and non-I.S. cables.
Intrinsic safety Ex I or EEX i IEC60079-17;2013 /BSEN 60079-17:2014 Table 2: Inspection Schedule for Ex ’i’ Installations
Grade of
Check that: B INSTALLATION
inspection
X ÿ required 1 Cables are installed in accordance with the documentation X
O c V
2 Cable screens are earthed in accordance with the documentation X

A EQUIPMENT
3 There is no obvious damage to cables X X X
1 Circuit and/or equipment documentation Is appropriate to the EPL/Zone X X X
4 Sealing of trunking. ducts, pipes and/or conduits Is satisfactory X X X
2 Equipment installed is that specified in tne documentation X X
5 Point-to-point connections are all correct (initial inspection only) X

3 Circuit and/or equipment category and group correct X X
6 Eartn continuity is satisfactory (e g connections are tight, conductors are of sufficient cross- X
4 IP rating of equipment is appropriate to me Group ill maienai present X X
section) for non-gaivamcally isolated circuits
5 Equipment temperature class is correct X X
7 Earth connections maintain the integrity of the type of protection X
6 Ambient temperature range of tne apparatus is correct for the installation X X
8 Intnnsically safe circuit earthing is satisfactory X
7 Service temperature range of the apparatus is correct for the installation X X
g insulation resistance is satisfactory X
8 installation is clearly labelled X X
10 Separation is maintained between intnnsically safe and non-intrinsically safe circuits in X
9 X common distribution boxes or relay cubicles
10 Cable glands and blanking elements are the correct type, complete and tight X X X 11 Short-circuit protection of the power supply is in accordance with the documentation X
-
physical check 12 Specific conditions of use (if applicable) are complied with X
- visual check 13 Cables not in use are correctly terminated X
11 There are no unauthorized modifications X c ENVIRONMENT
12 Tnere is no evidence of unauthorized modifications X X 1 Equipment is adequately protected against corrosion weather, vibration and other adverse
,
X X X
factors
13 Diode safety barriers galvanic isolators relays and other energy limiting devices are of the X X X
approved type, installed in accordance with the certification requirements and securely 2 No undue external accumulation of dust and dirt X X X
earthed where required
(D = detailed. C » close. V ÿ visual)
14 Condibon of enclosure gaskets is satisfactory X
15 Electrical connections are tight X
1ft Printed circuit boards are clean and undamaged X
17 The maximum voltage L'm of the associated apparatus is not exceeded X X

Oil immersion Ex o or EEX o
standard Definition
The definition for this type of protection is

BS EN50 015: 2005 Oil immersion 'o,
:A type
of protection in wtiich Itie electrical apparatus or parts of the electrical apparatus are
BS 5501-2: 1977 Oil immersion o'
immersed in protective liquid in such a way (hat an esplosive atmosphere, wtiich may he
'
above the liquid or outside (he enclosure, cannot be ignited.
IEC 60079-6: 2007 Oil-immersed apparatus
Installation and maintenance requirements for
; '
BS 5345: Part 9* electrical apparatus with type of protection o

oil-immersed apparatus
*
Since BS EN60079-14 and ESS EN60079-17 do not provide selection, installation,
inspection and maintenance requirements for oil-immersed apparatus, BS 5345: Part
9 remains the only reference for guidance in these areas for the present.
Key Points:
. Oil is used to completely cover components
. Advantage - Circulation of oil dispersing hot-spots
,
and Oil quenches arcs at contacts where mineral oil

is used.
. Revised standards have stricter specification and
now may be used in Zone 1 as well as Zone 2 .
. Enclosure ingress protection IP66. Oil-immersion is typically used for heavy duty transformers and switchgears
. Sealed enclosures to be fitted with pressure-relief
device. Protection Zone Equipment ATEX
. Non-sealed enclosures to be fitted with an expansion
Type Of Use EPL Category
device which incorporates a mechanism for
automatic tripping on detection of gas evolution from Exo 1 & 2 Gb 2G
liquid.
Powder filling Ex q or EEX q
standard
A type of protection in which the enclosure of electrical apparatus is
BS EN60079-5: 2007 Powder filling q' filled with a material in a finely granulated state so that, in the
intended conditions of service, any arc occurring within the
BS EN50017: 1998 Powder filling q' enclosure of an electrical apparatus will not ignite the surrounding
BS 5501-4 1977 Powder filling ,q' atmosphere. No ignition shall be caused either by flame or by
excessive temperature of the surfaces of the enclosure.
IEC 60079-5: 2007 Sand-filled apparatus
This type of protection is not widely used and typical applications
Installation and maintenance requirements for
BS 5345 Part 9 * electrical apparatus with type of protection q
,
are, for example, capacitors in Increased Safety Ex 'edq' lighting
sand filled apparatus fittings, and telecommunications in some European countries.
* Since BS EN60079 -
14 and BS EN60079-17 do not provide selection, installation,

Slit of granules: Example: FIINng - Quartz, glass beads etc.
250 micro m .1.6 mm
CAPACITOR Suppresses flame propagation. Any
inspection and maintenance requirements for powder-filled apparatus, BS 5345: Relative weight of gas or vapour produced wtll be too
Part 9 remains the only reference for guidance in these areas for the present water less than 0.1K
small to support an explosion wtUiln
the Inert powder
1
ENCLOSURE-Withstandfor 1 Mln.
Protection Zone Equipment ATEX pressure of 0.5 mBar without
deflection by more than 0.5 mm
Type Of Use EPL Category llmum IP protection IPS4
Clearly this method Is unsuitable where moving parts are Involved since
Ex q 1 & 2 Gb 2G Ihe filling material must be free of voids
»
Encapsulation Ex m or EEX m
standard A type of protection whereby parts that are capable of igniting an explosive atmosphere by
either sparking or heating are enclosed in a compound in such a way that the explosive
'
EC 60079-18: 2009
atmosphere cannot be ignited under operating or installation conditions.
Explosive Atmospheres - Part 18: Equipment Protection by
'
BS EN60079-18: 2004
ma Encapsulated apparatus having a level of protection 'ma must not be capable of
Encapsulation'm'
causing ignition during the following situations:
Older Standards
i) in normal operation and installation conditions;
EN50028:1987 Encapsulation'm' ii) any specified abnormal conditions;
BS 5501 -8:1987
iii) in defined failure conditions.
Encapsulation'm,
'
mb Encapsulated apparatus having a level of protection 'mb must not be capable of

causing ignition during the following situations.
i) in normal operation and installation conditions;

Example: ii) in defined failure conditions
CONSTRUCTION - Free of voids
unsuitable where components have
.
mc No information at time of writing.

exposed moving parts, e.g. a reed relay,
CABLE
may be protected by encapsulation .
Protection Zone Equipment ATEX
Electronic Type Of Use EPL Category

Components
Ex ma 0,1 & 2 Ga 1G
Ex mb 1 & 2 Gb 2G
Minimum depth of Ex mc 2 Gc 3G
oncapsulant . 3mm
Must withstand 7 J Impact test
(1mm for very tmall
(this may be overcome by placing
apparatus) In an Ex 'e' enclosure.
Special protection Ex s
standard
EFA 3009 Special protEdion
Inslalletian and maintenance requirEmerts for

ES 5345: PartS ' <
eledrical apparalLS with type af protection 5
special pretest cn
DEFINITION
Apparatus v/hich has nol quile met the requirements of a particular construction slandard will
have been add ilron ally certified under (he BASEEFA Standard 'Special Protection Ek s'
provided it had been established thai, after close scrutiny of the design and (esting of the
apparatus it was capable of operating safely in the hazard for which il was designed.
,
Special Protection is nol included in the BS EN5(Ki or EiS EN600 series of harmonised
construclion standards, or in the insinuation, inspection and maintenance series of
slandards, BS EN60079-14 and BS EN60079- 17 respectively.
COMBINED METHODS OF EX PROTECTION (HYBRID)
Eleemcar oquerwii may be nriani.f;»clLf»d nvrtt n>sre than coo mtlhoc of MptastBr
pmtcrhnr E»-iCirr«nt of !hs 1yf:rt fÿs combined rrmtfmcx rA practton fr.Jl rray' s "ÿ fc«
kneiwfi dc, » hytrld fioch in appfCArti rwrbtriBS !lw tiosi Im li.ru, ol «arh 1yp;«i of pny«:ttrvi
lr* on# r-Mca at «cu«Mr«n1 fcir both «cnom*C and prxr.rji [urpciMts
Switch Ex ed Motor Ex ed Switch Ex de Lighting Fittings – Ex edq

"
d" s*/itel
" "
p pnrlo<ar#»
Terminal Box Cover

WIRING SYSTEMS and INSTALLATION (IEC 60079-14) c
Qualification of Personnel
If Is essential for all workers to understand the basic requirements
Installation - Cables & Glanding for working In a hazardous area.
IEC 60079-14 The standard defines three levels of personnel involved In the
Installation and erection of equipment in hazardous areas.
Explosive Atmospheres - Wo will concentrate on the Technician/Operative level.
Electrical Installations Design, Selection and Erection. Technician/Operative knowledge:
Must have a basic understanding of the various protection types,
Introduction: "For an explosion to occur, an explosive installation practices and regulations.
atmosphere and a source of ignition need to co-exist. Have a familiarity with particular techniques to be employed in
Protective measures aim to reduce, to an acceptable level, the selection and erection of equipment.
the likelihood that the electrical installation could become a Technicians competency:
" Have the practical skill* necessary for the preparation and
source of ignition Installation of relevant concepts of protection.
This standard applies to all electrical equipment including Personnel operating in this field must, therefore, have
fixed, portable, transportable also personal, and installations appropriate training, and thereafter, regular refresher training
either permanent or temporary. that does not exceed 5 years.
Elastomeric Cables Types of Cable

Circular, Compact extruded bedding and filler* If any arefnon-hygroscoplc
If cables with multi-stranded or Steel Wire Armour
fine - stranded conductors are
used the ends shall be protected
(SWA)
against separation by cable lug*
or core end sleeves but not by Wire braid armour
soldering alone.
Good Lug Joints
->j p- 20mm Inner si

sheath showing
Bad Lug Joints out of the gland.
I I I Uu
Bootlace Crimps
Terminal Crimps Suitable cables are manufactured from thermoplastic thermosetting,
or core end sleeves
or Cable Lugs or elastomeric materials, typically EPR/CSP) or mineral Insulated
For Stranded conductors For flexible stranded
conductors only metal shoathed (MICC/MIMS) and appropriate for the ambient
conditions In service. .
WIRING SYSTEMS and INSTALLATION (IEC 60079-14)
Jointing Of Cable Conductors Cable Entry - Glanding (E1 W>

. Ideally cable runs through hazardous areas should be continuous and
, Cable Oland Typo Cnblo Oland Type Cahlo Oland Typa
without Interruption. 501M53/Unlvortnl 501/433/RAC ICG 6U/Unlvaraal
. Joints should be mechanically electrically and environmentally effective.

,
H ATEX Q (€ ATEX <6> C€ ft* ATEX©«
Fi* ma proof Incraaaad flafaly Flamaproof, Incraaaad Safaty Flameproof, Incraaaad lafaty
. Connection may be either:
,
ft Raducad Risk
1 .
Compression connectors; 4. Soldering - (only If conductors Gland Type E1Wis
2 Secured screw connectors; "'® ""»chanlcally held for cables with
.
toaothor during soldering). Steel Wire Armour

3
. Welding or brazing;
(SWA) certified as
The unused cores of non I.S. cables can be terminated In a hazardous area meeting the
by following documentation or, requirements of
a) connecting to earth, IEC60079-0
Or Could this gland

b) be terminated In Insulated terminals suitable for the type of type be plastic?
protection. NO
Diaphragm Seal Single Seal Compound Seal
If aluminium conductors are used, suitable connections shall be used
and, with the exception of I.S. Installations, they shall have a minimum
If the gland is marked with an X' then the gland can only be used on fixed
c s
. a of 16mm".
.
-- equipment, and can have extra clamping for the cable within 300mm from
the end of the cable gland.
Glanding ÿ
General Rules - Minimum accessories with plastic enclosure.
ÿ Selection Of Cable Glands Ex e. Ex e, Internal Earth Plate,

Definition:
Less than 6mm thread Greater than "GmmJItroad
A device designed to permit the entry of a cable Into electrical equipment
and which provides sealing and retention. It may also provide other
functions such as earthing (or grounding), bonding. Insulation, strain relief
or a combination of these.
Considerations are:
1 .
A cable gland should maintain the overall Integrity of the Ex type of
protection Into which It Is to ba fitted;
2 . Ingress protection (IP) rating of apparatus;
3 . Cable susceptible to 'cold flow*;
4. Electrolytic action.
Additional considerations for flameproof apparatus are: Earth plate dimples may
not need serrated washer.
Is the Ex d enclosure an "Indirect entry "? - Fit a suitable sealed
flameproof gland.
If a "Direct entry" refer to flowchart In IEC 60079-14
Glanding
Glanding
General Rules - Minimum accessories.
A General Rules - Minimum accessories for Ex e enclosures.
Ex .,
Ex d. Greatar than "6mm thread
Ex e & Ex n Glanding
Threaded Hole
From January 2008 an Ex a & Ex n encloiur,

should bo flttod with an appropriate cortlfisd
Gland.
2007 n«c«mh«r January 200B

« _
Fit Non-CeilHIed Fit Certified Gland

Gland that matt,
IP A Impact tests.
To maintain the minimum IP 54

To maintain the minimum IP 54
Selection Of Conduit D Selection Of Light Materials

Conduit for use with flameproof apparatus is required to be either: The IEC 60079-14 standard Introduced Information about;
a) screwed heavy duty steel, solid drawn or seam welded
conduit Seam welded; or , Metal alloys such as new cable tray having limitations
b) flexible conduit of metal or composite material construction. on the material composition which are as follows:
Conduit entering flameproof enclosures is required to be engaged by at !r 04C EPL Aluminium Magnosium | Titanium | Zirconium
least 5 full threads. Ga
O Limitations apply
Sealing Of Conduit \ Gb Limitations apply

Gc No limitations apply
Conduit seals (Stopper boxes) are i> ' .-.
required to be fitted: W .
J | =* " Therefore In a Zone 2 (3G/Gc) area no limitations to the mix of materials
a) Where conduit leaves or enters a hazardous Nu jr Hu»dou> Plastic Covered cable tray can produce static effects
area; Hazardous j and so must be protected against this issue;
b) Either as part of the flameproof enclosure or
immediately or as close as practical to the By limiting the surface area of the tray or
entry to the flameproof enclosure using a
By material selection so that the insulation
resistance of the item does not exceed 1 Gil
Other Regulations & Standards
IEC 60079 - 14 Explosive Atmospheres - ( lorinc.il Installations Design. Selection
'-"
and Erection.
BS 7671 IEE Installation Regulations

IEE Recommendations for the electrical and electronic equipment of
Mobile and Fixed Offshore Installations.
ESQC Regulations 2002

Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
Code of Practice for Earthing
Code of practice for Protection of Structures against Lightning
Code of practice for Control of Undesirable Static Eloctrlcity
Static electrical charges can be reduced In many instances by:

. Slowing the flow rate of fluids through pipes;
. Blending and mixing liquids or compounds;
. Tho use of pipes manufactured from materiala with high carbon content .
DSEAR (2002) requires that anti-static clothing la available and used where
thore Is any risk from static electricity in potentially explosive areas.
Inspection and maintenance (IEC 60079-17)
Inspection & Maintenance Qualification of Personnel ÿ
Personnel involved in SELECTION, INSPECTION and

Equipment will onlv remain approved/certified if it is maintained in MAINTENANCE in hazardous areas must have a basic
accordance with the recommendations provided by manufacturers understanding of the various protection types, installation practices,
and relevant standards. regulations and the general principles or area classification.
The installation of any equipment may be subject to other standards It is essential for all workers to understand the basic requirements
as well as the manufactures documented specifications. for working in a hazardous area.
STANDARD
This standard also defines three levels of personnel involved in
IEC 60079-17- Inspection and Maintenance of equipment in hazardous areas.
Explosive Atmosphere -
We will again concentrate on the Technician/Operative level.
Electrical installations Inspection and Maintenance
Technicians competency:
This Standard comprises a series of Tables for the inspection of the
Must have the practical skills necessary for the inspection and
various methods of explosion protection. Table 1 is an inspection
schedule for types of equipment Ex'd', Ex 'e' and Ex (n'. Table 2 is maintenance of relevant concepts of protection and also to
maintain apparatus in accordance with the manufacturers
for IS equipment and Table 3 for Pressurised Ex )p' equipment.
requirements, relevant standards and Codes of Practice.
These Tables lists the areas to be inspected and are illustrated in the
Toolbox guide. For each type of explosion protection three grades of Personnel operating in this field must, therefore, have appropriate
Inspection are specified which are >VISUAL', >CLOSE, and training, and thereafter, regular refresher training that does not
*
DETAILED, exceed 5 years.
Definition of Inspection Grades (How)

Definition of Inspection Types (When) VISUAL An inspection which identifies, without the use of
access equipment or tools, those defects, e.g. missing bolts?
INITIAL INSPECTION - Normally carried out during equipment which will be apparent to the eye. Reference to the zone will be
nandover from installer or before it Is brought into service. Grade
required. This inspection does not require the de-energising o
of inspection shall be Detailed. the equipment.
PERIODIC INSPECTION . Should be implemented to verify that CLOSE Same as Visual but In addition, identifies those
the installation is being maintained in an appropriate condition defects, e.g. loose bolts, which will be apparent only by the
for use in the hazardous area. Grade of inspection is usually use of access equipment, e.g. step ladders (where necessary),'
Visual or Close. Various factors may influence the Frequency and and the use of some tools. Reference to the documentation
Grade inspection the interval should not exceed 3 years may be required. This inspection does not require the de-
energising of the equipment.
Note - Portable/handheld equipment is prone to damage and
needs inspected within a maximum interval of one year.
DETAILED An inspection which encompasses those aspects
covered by a Close inspection and, in addition, identifies those
SAMPLE INSPECTION - May be implemented to either support defects, e.g. loose terminations, which will only be apparent by
or modify the frequency of PERIODIC INSPECTIONS and may opening the enclosure, and/or using where necessary, circuit
be of a grade Visual, Close or Detailed. diagram, tools and equipment. This inspection does require the
de-energising of the equipment.
Principle Causes of Equipment Deterioration When isolation is Required

1 Operate the on-load double pole (phase & neutral)
Susceptibility to corrosion .
Isolator switch of the circuit to be worked on.

Exposure to chemicals or solvents 2 . Lock the Isolator switch in the off position with a padlock
and apply appropriate warning signs.
Likelihood of accumulation of dust or dirt
3
. Ensure circuit is "Dead" using a approved voltage tester.
Likelihood of water ingress First test the voltage tester unit.
Then test the circuit.
Risk of mechanical damage Finally re-test the voltage tester unit.
Exposure to undue vibration Test Lamp set Internal Circuits
Training and experience of personnel can cause:
Unauthorised modifications or adjustment
Wrong maintenance, ie. Against Manufacturers Recommendations.

On Site Preparation - Inspection

Ex 'e* enclosure in Zone 1 (2G/Gb) area
To implement an Inspection/Maintenance programme you must
have:
1 Hazardous Area drawings of the plant for Zone/EPL/Gas

Grouu/Tomooraturo Class.
2. inventory of all hazardous aroa equipment installed knowrr
as an Ex register.
3
4
.
.
Location of equipment in plant
Up-to-date Records of all inspections & Maintenance Tasks n
for audit - Insurance purposes.
6 . Equipment Certification Documents available for each item
of plant, I.e. ,X,- Special installation Conditions
The maintenance of comprehensive records is an essential

requirement for the safe operation of electrical equipment in What is the fault? No iariition allowed in Ex e enclosure
hazardous areas. Experience has shown that modification and
What Is the grade of inspection? Detailed
installation of additional equipment is not always recorded in the
relevant documentation. What is the remedial action? Remove relays to an Ex d enclosure
Ex'd' Box in a Zone 1 (2G/Gb) IIC T5 Area Ex ,d, Box n a Zone 1 (2G/Gb) IIC T5 Area
Equipmont label:
II 2GD
40MAT-60*
Ex d IIC T6 Gb f UO CATCHER
.
i2
It"
noHv at M -J
>
ivuur/oi. a'.»:
. ,
" I LvvJlfHf 1IH»t WC

lÿ-U-vVVM- V
I
,,
1 ÿ§
What is the fault? Wrong Gas group Wrong T Rating What Is the fault? No certified stopper plug fitted
What is the grade of Inspection? Close Inspection What is the grade of Inspection? Visual Inspection
What is the remedial action? Replace with appropriate enclosure What Is the remedial action? Replace with Ex d certified plug/stopper

Electrical Installation in Hazardous Area Presentation

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Training CompEx 01-04

Equipment Protection type Ex ,d'. 'eyiV and Ex , p

Training Unit Ex 01 - Preparation and Installation of Ex d, e\

Training Unit Ex 02 -Inspection and Maintenance of Ex d' , e ,

Equipment Protection type Intrinsically safe Ex i,

2. Oxygen: Approximately 21 %ÿ by volume in normal a r

and/or too much air.

Hydrogen Sulphide 1T~ 45.5

Material Ignition Temperature

/ > Methane 537* (T1) Ethylene 425

500 Com dust 510* (T1) Hydrogen 560

T1450* Ethylene 425* (T2)

flASrt MltfT - LrtwHt #t wtlhfl

GASQilHE PUtt OIL

gases are given in the Table:

and/or seal wear , Area surrounding Zone 1 areas.

Zone 0 - An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present continuously

only likely to occur

Zone 0 over 1000 hours Equipment for use in Zone 0:

ÿ Pressurize equipment, Ex 'p'

ÿ Powder filling, Ex 'q"

Space above flammable liquid in

allocation for mining arvd surface industries are separate.

ii Surface industries gas MA props ne

ill Surface industries MIA Combustible flying

IB Nor. conductive dusc

IIIC Conductive dust

EQUIPMENT PROTECTION LEVELS (EPL’S)

the suffixes 'a, ,b: and 1c, Intrinsic Safety Ex ia 0 1 2 1 Ga

Increased Safety Exe 1 2 .

Oil immersion Exo 1 2 .

Energy limitation Ex ic (Ex nL) 2 3 Gc

GROUP III DUSTS

Type of Ex Zones of use ATEX IEC

Intrinsic Safety Ex iD 20. 21. 22 1D Da

Material Group Ignition Required

Hydrogen IIC 560.C T1 (450"C) Class Temperature

designed rating and ambient temperature normally not exceeding 40oC.

present around the equipment.

enclosure, from 0 - no protection to 8 - 'withstands indefinite immersion a specified at depth'. 1

number nations is the European Committee for E|ÿtrgtechntcal Standardisation (CENELEC).

spill in Gulf of Mexico

then carry the CE mark.

ATEX. 95 - Equipment Directive &4/9L'EC and

Denmark: UI In! DEK1KO A3 (0539)

CERTIFICATION BY A NOTIFIED BODY

| Italy CESI (0712)

Installation and maintenance standard Equipment protection standard

BS EN 60079-10 IEC 60079-10-1 Gasification of area :

IEC 60079-26 BS EN60079-26 Equipment with Equÿment Protection

IEC 60070-27 BS EN60079-27

IEC 60079-30-1 BS EN60079-30-1 Electrical resistance trace heating -

IEC 60079-30-2 BS EN60079-30-2 Electrical resistance trace heating -

T*o ir*iep«oa«cit typM of p«X»<t*»i «*cfc

Prc»ection try ertciosue to-

Baseefa 04 ATEX 0273 X

The equipment is only certified as a component for use in an Ex assembly.

6) Am«ri can c ertif i cati on auth or ity

The mark used by the Canadian Standards

IEC Certification Scheme

£a risTic sic Numb+r sisusd 19 Juty 7D0fi

EC - T\ Fi: EXAMINATION ( KR1 tFICATE

>innilwiitr'iiinri' II { ffllddll Xmmtm-r BjirrlnlMiA TI \ llrtÿX

Typ* VIUIMIJKIV CM Cim W |k -.ii.ÿM}4-r .J E Mÿmrnt mr Fiiin liii r Sulm

To iriep«oa«cit typM of p«X»<t»i «cfc

WtDCIBWFM!: ir«u. MuJi Jliln-ml I, IKfilUl-0> WMI: IlCVllih! Jfia-i