Unsteady Compressible Flow / Water Hammer Simple Equation for Instantaneous Alteration of Valve Setting in a Rigid Pipeline Assumptions: + Pipe isrigid + Friction effect and other hydraulic losses ae ignored Stocene ndousted tad Pailtater Undue tad alate a compre w HOURE 6.2 Sage condone compre id ong pips) Ee of carey foci ete 1 stationary poi ard) fie! of comeesly cles teaveto shock ware). Unsteady Compressible Flow / Water Hammer This isthe simplest case to treat To develop the equations, conser the conditions on either Jase, ln es tv neers orion error dina hic ‘move wit the shock wave. From this viewpoint, velocities ae as shown in Figure 6.2, Because ofthe comprution, te inpartive thatthe equation of mate continu (be, ma oa) be used Mass entering contol volume ass leaving conto volume PAe=(p- 8p) e-8u)A which may be rewriten as ponte 63) Similaly, applying che momentum uation Force mas low xchuige in veloy (p+8p)A-pa-pa eau) Hence, fonpete (64) 1/21/2020Unsteady Compressible Flow / Water Hammer If velocity is reduced to ‘0 uy Bu=0 Buu, Hence, 63 becomes pure (3a) 6.4 becomes fe-pew (64a) ‘The memute of the clntcity of gu ists bulk modulus (4) (3) Unsteady Compressible Flow / Water Hammer From 631,641 & 65; K=(peu)/(umie) Kop Example 6.2: Surge in a Simple Pipeline Avalve is placed at the downstream end of a3 km Tong pipeline. Water i initially flowing ‘long the pipe at mean velocity af 2.5 m/s, What i the magnitude of the surge pressure ‘generated by a sudden and complete valve closure? Sketch the variation in pressure at the valve and at che mid-point of the pipeline after valve closure. Take celerity of sound as 1500 ani 1/21/2020