IEEE APEC 2019,숭실대

Anaheim,세미나
March 17-21

A New Single-Stage Bridgeless Boost Half-Bridge

AC-DC Converter with Semi-Active-Rectifier

Adhistira M. N.*, Suhan Kang, Byeongwoo Kim, and Sewan Choi, IEEE Fellow
Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.
Seoul National University of Science and Technology

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

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Outline

Introduction

• Isolated AC-DC converter

• Previous works on single-stage isolated AC-DC converter

Proposed AC-DC converter

• Concept of the proposed AC-DC converter

• Operating principle

Experimental results

Conclusion

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

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Single-phase isolated AC-DC converter

< Two-stage >

Applications
- EV charger
- Uninterruptible power supplies
- Switch mode power supplies
- Telecom power supplies < Single-stage >
- Induction heating

Requirements

- Operation under wide voltage range for some applications.

- High efficiency  soft-switching is necessary.
- High power density  single-stage with high frequency isolation.

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

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Previous works – single-stage AC-DC converter
< Dual-Tank LCL >

ZVS turn on of switches

Bridgeless structure

DCM operation

 Need input filter.

[7]Y. Du and A. K. S. Bhat, "Analysis and Design of a High-Frequency Isolated Dual-Tank $LCL$ Resonant AC–DC Converter," in IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 1566-1576, March-April 2016.

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

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Previous works – single-stage AC-DC converter
< L-type >

ZVS turn on of switches.

 Lose ZVS at D < 0.5

CCM interleaving operation

Narrow voltage range

[11] B. Kim, M. Kim and S. Choi, "A reduced component count single-stage electrolytic capacitor-less battery charger with sinusoidal charging," 2017 IEEE 3rd
International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia (IFEEC 2017 - ECCE Asia), Kaohsiung, 2017, pp. 242-246.

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

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Previous works – single-stage AC-DC converter
< BHB-type >

ZVS turn on of switches.

 Need small Lm

CCM operation

Lowest component count.

Narrow voltage range

[13] S. G. Jeong, W. J. Cha, S. H. Lee, J. M. Kwon and B. H. Kwon, "Electrolytic Capacitor-Less Single-Power-Conversion On-Board Charger With High Efficiency,"
in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 12, pp. 7488-7497, Dec. 2016.

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

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Intermediate step of the proposed AC-DC converter
< Boost totem-pole PFC > < BHB converter >

Remove

Combine

Share components

< BHB totem-pole PFC >

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

 Issue in BHB totem-pole PFC 8

< Positive cycle > < Negative cycle >

Sudden change of vc @ zero

Varying duty control for PFC and voltage regulation: crossing

 Unequal clamp capacitor voltage

 Magnetizing current spike at zero crossing Current spike

∴ Use a fixed 0.5 duty cycle to avoid current spike at zero crossing

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

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Proposed single-stage AC-DC converter

< Proposed converter >

D  0.5 vg

D  0.5
vg d t   m f sin  2 fgt 
 

j-shift (DC power regulation)

Totem-pole BHB converter (primary): Semi-active-rectifier (secondary):
 CCM operation  Open-loop PFC (input current sensor-less)
 Wide range ZVS turn-on  Wide output voltage range
 Pure high frequency transformer (∵ buck/boost operation)
∵ D= 0.5
 No magnetizing current spike  Wide range ZVS turn-on and ZCS turn-
 No zero-crossing issue off

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Operating principle in grid period [1/2]

Primary switch S1 and S2 are complementary switching

with fixed D = 0.5
 Symmetrical voltage vab applied to the transformer
(pure high- frequency component)
Secondary switch S3 and S4 are 180o phase-shift
 mf = 0.5
 Generate 3-level voltage on vcd

DC power control by φ-shift between primary and

secondary
Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.
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Operating principle in grid period [2/2]

a(t) is the angle between +nvab and +vcd

 dependent upon d(t) and φ-shift
a t   1.5 - d t   -j (2)
 

b(t), is the condition when vcd = 0V

a(t), b(t), and m(t) are the variable to derived the
 dependent upon m(t) and a(t)
instantaneous power transfer <po(t)>Ts
2a (t ) - 1- m(t )   (3)
b (t )   
m(t )  2
m(t )  Vo (4)
n  vg (t )
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Operating principle in switching period

All semiconductor device achieve soft-switching

SDAB-like modulation

 nvab and vcd will shape iLs(t)

<io(t)>Ts can be derived from a(t), b(t), and m(t).

<po(t)>Ts= Vo . <io(t)>Ts

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

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Power equations
Operation modes in switching period:
[ Mode I : a(t) >  ] [ Mode II : a(t) <  ]

 2 
 m a (t ) -    - b (t ) 
 

n vg (t ) Vo  2a (t )  m(t )b (t )      
n vg (t ) Vo  
   - b (t )  (4)
poI (t )  2  m a (t )  b (t ) - 2a (t )b (t )   (5)

  poII (t )  2  
Ts 4 f s Ls 2   Ts 4 fsLs(m(t )  2)   
  
   b (t ) - 2a (t )b (t )   
2 

   
Mode change in grid period:

∴ Mode change within half grid cycle according to at

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Control structure

< Voltage control>

< Totem-pole BHB modulation > < Semi-active-rectifier modulation >

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Features comparison with the previous works

Proposed ac-dc
Item Dual-Tank LCL L-type Boost half-bridge-type
converter
S1 D1 C1 D3 D4
1:n Ls
ig L g
vab vcd Co vdc
vg

Circuit diagram S2 D2 C2
S3 S4

Switching Wide range ZVS turn-on failed when Wide range ZVS Wide range
characteristic ZVS turn-on D < 0.5 turn-on using small Lm ZVS turn-on

Transformer Pure high-frequency Pure high-frequency Exist small low-frequency Pure high-frequency

DCM PFC
Phase-shift CCM
Converter control + Duty CCM closed-loop PFC Duty CCM closed-loop PFC
open-loop PFC
Phase-shift
Number of 4 switches 4 switches 2 switches 4 switches
switching device 6 diodes 8 diodes 6 diodes 4 diodes

Use of diode bridge No Yes Yes No

Input current sensor No Yes Yes No

Voltage gain Step-down Step-up Step-up Step-up/step-down

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Proof of concept experimental prototype
Specifications
• P o = 1kW
C1,2 = 1uF
• vg = 110VAC
• Vo = 100V-250V
• fs = 50kHz

Ls = 45uH
Transformer

Lg = 800uH

Measured peak efficiency is 92.4% @ 1kW, 250V

 Peak efficiency > 94% can be expected with optimized prototype

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

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Experimental waveforms – grid period operation

Specifications PF > 0.99

• P o = 1kW THD = 4.5%

• vg = 110VAC
• Vo = 100V-250V
• fs = 50kHz

PF > 0.99
THD = 4.5%

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

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Experimental waveforms – soft-switching performance

Specifications
• P o = 1kW
• vg = 110VAC
• Vo = 100V-250V
• fs = 50kHz

< Primary switches > < Secondary switches > < Secondary diodes >

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

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Experimental waveforms – buck and boost operation

Specifications
• P o = 1kW
• vg = 110VAC
• Vo = 100V-250V
• fs = 50kHz

< Vo= 250V > < Vo= 100V >

PF > 0.99 PF > 0.99

THD = 4.5% THD = 4.8%

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

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Conclusion

In this presentation, a new single-stage ac-dc converter has been proposed. The proposed

converter has the following features :

 Wide range ZVS turn-on for all switches and ZCS turn-off for all diodes

 Bridgeless structure  low component count

 CCM PFC operation without input current sensing

 Wide voltage range

A 1kW, 50kHz, 110Vac prototype has been built that verifies the operating principle and

features of the proposed ac-dc converter.

 Measured peak efficiency is 92.4%  optimized prototype will result in higher efficiency

 Measured PF > 0.99 & THD = 4.5%

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.

 APEC 2019,숭실대
Anaheim,세미나
March 17-21

Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Lab.