Evaluation on The Earthquake Preparedness of Grade 11 Students of St.

Rose Catholic

School, Inc.

A Research Proposal Presented to

The Faculty of St. Rose Catholic School, Inc.

In Partial Fulfillment in the

Subject Practical Research 1

Jay Rick M. Quirido

December 2019
 St. Rose Catholic School, Inc.
Paniqui, Tarlac

APPROVAL SHEET

The research entitled “Evaluation on the Earthquake Preparedness of Grade 11 Students of

St. Rose Catholic School, Inc” which was prepared and submitted by Jay Rick M. Quirido for the

fulfillment of the requirements for Practical Research 1 project is hereby accepted.

______________________________________________________________________________

RESEARCH COMMITTEE

________________________ _________________________
Mr. Miguel F. Baluyut, Jr. Sr. Grace F. Tagnipez, OP
Research Adviser Head, Research Coordinator
Principal
Acknowledgement
 Table of Contents

RESEARCH TITLE…………………………………………………………………

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………..

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………….

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………

Review of Related Literature ………………………………………………

Conceptual Framework………………………………………….

Methodology……………………………………….

Research design…………………………………………………..
Abstract
 Introduction

Earthquake is the most devastating natural disaster faced by humans. It describe by Bruce

Bolt (2003) as any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves produced

when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released. Powerful earthquakes in

history destroyed many buildings, infrastructures and took countless lives over time. What

frightening is, no device nor equipment have been discovered yet to predict this catastrophe, that

makes earthquake beyond the human control. An earthquake may occur in any moment. Therefore,

the only way to reduce the risk of earthquake hazards is to improve the preparedness of the

potential victims to reduce injuries and loss of life during an earthquake.

The school is one of the most populated area during the working days. Other than that,

most of the people in schools are children and underage. The teachers and school staff may struggle

to handle such many students during life or death situations, especially earthquakes. Besides, a

developing town like Paniqui has more risk of destruction or loss which may put the students in

greater danger.

For that reason, students need enhancement in understanding nature, like an earthquake

would cause in just a short period, and find strategies that will reduce the risk of the disasters’

hazards, that will improve the student’s chance of survival. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess

the preparedness of the grade 11 students of St. Rose Catholic School. Specially, it aims to: a)

evaluate the awareness of students about earthquakes, to b) identify existing knowledge of the

students of what to do during an earthquake, and; c) to formulate recommendations in order to

improve the earthquake preparedness of the students

 Review of Related Literature

Earthquake is an unpredictable natural disaster that cannot be detected by any advance

technology that we currently have. However, if we know where it will occur, it is possible to

prepare for it and by that, we may able to reduce the damage that it will cause. An Indonesian

study (Edelani et al., 2017) finds the relationship between the areas where the earthquake hits in

several regions. The result of their experiment concludes that the provinces have interesting

patterns and relations of the earthquake distribution giving each other risk of an earthquake

History of earthquakes causes lots of casualties and destruction around the world.

Frequency of earthquake occurrence or seismicity varies in different part of the world. Base from

a blog entitled Top 10 Countries that are most prone to Earthquakes (Narula, 2016), some countries

have higher rates in some countries like Japan, the top earthquake-prone country because of its

geographical location along in the Pacific Ring of Fire making it susceptible to earthquakes and

tsunamis, Nepal also one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world. In April 2015, an

earthquake killed more than 8,000 people, over 21,000 injured, and caused avalanche on mt.

Everest. India, third of the list. In 2001, an earthquake called Gujarat reached 7.7 magnitude that

lasted for 2 minutes killed 13,805 to 20,023 and injured 167,000 people. The Philippines ranked

as number 5 on that list.

When an earthquake occurs, it is essential for peoples to identify the earthquake-prone

areas for them to be able to know where to go and where not to. A study from the University of

Brunei Darussalam (Shah et al., 2018) said that “When we informed our Geology undergraduate

students about the existence of major fault systems in Asia, their facial expressions surprised us

because they were not aware of such fault systems in the neighborhood”. That statement tells how

important an earthquake risk mapping really was. They added that “In contrast, all of them knew
about the existence of San Andreas Fault” (Shah et al., 2018) that was featured in an American

movie San Andreas (2015). Just because it is famous, the students know about this fault, not

knowing that a similar fault lies under them. This suggests that people must have an understanding

of earthquake and know where are the areas that will most likely experience this kind of disaster.

Disasters are always there since the very first. Studies that suggesting ways on how to

cope with disaster for many years have been conducted by countless authors. Some suggested that

the risk might be reduced if peoples in a certain area have knowledge of natural disasters, but it is

only for young and elder people age 12 and above. But an article (Proulx, Aboud, 2019) suggest

that disaster risk reduction (DDR) knowledge teaching must also include children in preschool.

They conduct a DDR-related program to selected pupils and survey both attendees from that

program and other random children in preschool. The survey concludes that the children can

participate in DDR-related activities and for that, they may decrease some disaster risk.

Powerful earthquakes caused the unmeasurable cost of destruction in every part of

the world and also took so many lives of peoples in just an instant. Some people have been able to

survive from this natural disaster. But not because they survived in such dangerous conditions;

they continue to live in a normal way. The terrifying event remains in their minds. A study from

New Zealand (Bell et al., 2017) survey the individuals aged 38-50 who develop post-traumatic

stress disorder (PTSD) because of the Canterbury earthquake and other earthquake survival using

facial expression recognition (FER) accuracy. The result of the survey finds out that individuals

with PTSD and other individuals that don’t have, both misrecognize the threat-related emotions

and facial expressions. They conclude that it is not because of PTSD but rather the fear that they

both experienced from earthquake and aftershocks caused their misinterpretation in the FER

accuracy.
 A 6-magnitude earthquake can already cause a building to collapse. How much more if the

earthquake is stronger? Most infrastructures are made up of heavy and concrete material that no

doubt will cause injury to someone if it falls on them. Metropolitan areas have the most and

massive infrastructures that accommodate lots of people. If it happens that an earthquake strikes

an extremely populated area like that, casualties will be countless. Galaroza, Ng, Petargue, Tan,

Quebada (2017) studied the risk in a highly-populated area like capital cities and towns in the

metropolitan area where there are tall vintage structures. Their study suggests that newly

constructed with much stronger material used are expected to withstand such disasters

Peoples must be aware and prepared for any emergency circumstances so that they will not

be surprised if that event happened. Like an earthquake, that may happen anywhere and anytime.

The school must inform and teach students about the awareness of different safety features for

them to know what to do in life-threatening situations like earthquakes (Sanchez et al., 2019).

They survey the safety features of the 4th-year level from a University. The result suggest that

students are aware of different safety measure, but they don’t know where the emergency exits are

located. Knowing what to do is not enough, students also need to know where to go if it comes to

emergency situations for a greater level of survival chance and safety

For preparedness on earthquake, we should not only focus on the awareness and

vulnerability but also for infrastructures. We must use strong materials in constructing buildings,

houses, schools, etc. that may help a lot in risk reduction not only for earthquakes but also other

disasters. If the infrastructures are durable the survival chance of people inside of it will definitely

increase. A school-based study conducted from Indonesia (Leonardo, 2019), suggest that to be

able to lift the preparedness against earthquake, the community and schools needs to focus on their

infrastructures. Buildings must be constructed with strong materials to raise the capacity of the
building in reducing risk on disasters. The study concludes that the school community

preparedness is the number one key to minimize losses, victims and suffering that will happen if

an earthquake strikes the school.

Technology changed dramatically over the past year. Humans continue to discover and

develop things. They make impossible things possible. Recently, they introduce the virtual reality

(VR), a device that make visual simulation of things and different places. This device is meant for

entertainment and gaming purpose, but a group of researchers use it in creative and different way,

by creating a game that will improve earthquake preparedness of the users without getting hurt (Li

et al., 2017). The game is designed to experience different indoor scenarios of earthquake like in

office, living room, kitchen, etc. To test effectiveness of this idea, they ask the users to train in

different rooms and try a new room of the same type and other non-users. The result shows that

participant who were trained were better than average.

Conceptual framework

. The study used mixed method to formulate better understanding of the problem.

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the earthquake preparedness of the grade 11 students

of St. Rose Catholic School, Inc. Along with that, the study also aims to 1) evaluate the awareness

of students about earthquakes. Grade 11 students are in-between secondary and tertiary level of

education, which means they are already matured to make decisions themselves. The study tries

to find out their knowledge of earthquake in their 11 years of education. 2) identify existing
knowledge of the students of what to do during an earthquake. The study not only tries to find out

the students’ knowledge about earthquake, but it also tries to know how the students will response

incase an earthquake happens. Earthquakes attacks unexpectedly, so it is important to asses how

will the students will react during and after an earthquake, to know what solution the study will

suggest to improve their earthquake preparedness as in 3) to formulate recommendations in order

to improve the earthquake preparedness of the students. Earthquake cannot be predicted or

stopped. The only way to reduce the loss and damage it will cause is to be prepared.

The study used descriptive research design to explain the student’s knowledge capacity

about earthquake and also to describe how the students will react to such life-threatening

circumstances. This study used mixed method to provide better understanding of the problem. The

Input-Process-Output was used in the conceptual framework

1. What are the students

know about

earthquake?

2. What will the student Descriptive research

do during and after
an earthquake?
3. What are the possible
design using mixed
method
Input of the earthquake
Survey Questionnaires preparedness of grade 11
students
Written Interview

ways to improve the

preparedness of the

students?

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

 Statement of the Problem

1. What are the students know about earthquake?

2. What will the student do during and after an earthquake?

3. What are the possible ways to improve the preparedness of the students?

Significance of the Study

The study will be most significant and beneficial to the students as they are the main focus

of this study. The researcher aims to elevate their level of awareness and preparedness in terms of

any intensity of an earthquake that may be struck the school during classes. This will affect their

survival skills, and which may prevent or decrease any damage and loss as well as any serious

injuries or deaths if an earthquake struck.

The teacher will also benefit as they are with the students during that time. Any action that

the students will make, must under the teachers’ guidance. The study may help them to be

responsible, calm and may suggest strategies to wisely handle the class if an earthquake struck.

The safety of the students is in their hands.

Aside from the teachers, the study may also be beneficial to the school administrators. It

may convince them to make any programs or practices that will lift the safety of the Rosalimans.
Furthermore, they may also think to add school facilities and equipment that will be critically

useful in any emergencies

Moreover, the study is also significant to the students’ parents or guardians as their main

concern is their children’s safety. The study may be also applicable in other circumstances like

being home during an earthquake. Awareness and preparedness may benefit other family members

of the students.

On the other hand, the purpose of the researcher in making this study is to lift his

consciousness in terms of emergencies and help the students to become more aware and prepared

every time because earthquake may strike unexpectedly at any moment. The researcher also wants

to support the school in providing not just quality education but an also safe, secure and prepared

institution in emergency cases

For future researchers, the study may help them in their research as a reference or guide.

The researcher expected that future researchers will continue to improve and give attention to

everyone’s safety and live in a safer society

Methodology

Research Design

This study used descriptive research design that utilizes both quantitative and qualitative

approach or mixed method. Mixed method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative

approach that will provide better understanding of the study. In quantitative method, survey
questionnaires are used to gather data. While in qualitative method, a written interview is used.

The research assesses the earthquake awareness, knowledge of what to do during and after an

earthquake, and suggestions of the students about earthquake preparedness.

Research Sampling

This study will use simple random sampling The study will cover the enrolled grade 11

students of St. Rose Catholic School, Inc. S.Y. 2019-2020 that comes from the various strands:

STEM, ABM, HUMMS and TVL.

Data Gathering Procedure

Ethical Consideration

Before the survey was conducted, the researcher asks the research instructor, the school

administrators, principal and the class advisers about the purpose of the study. The

researcherinformed and explained Teachers and respondents were about the main and specific

objectives of the study, before the survey forms were floated to selected students.

Data Analysis Procedure

 Reference

Bell C.J., Colhoun H., Frampton C.M., Douglas K.M., McIntosh V.V.W., Carter F.A.,

Jordan J., Carter J.D., Smith R.A., Marie L.M.A., Loughlin A. & Porter R.J. (2017)

Earthquake Brain: Altered Recognition and Misclassification of Facial Expressions Are Related

to Trauma Exposure but Not Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Front. Psychiatry. DOI:

10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00278

Bolt B. A., (2003, October). Earthquake: Earth Tremor (5th ed). W. H. Freeman

Edelani R., Barakbah A. R., Harsono T., Sudarsono A. (2017, December). Association

Analysis of Earthquake Distribution in Indonesia for Spatial Risk Mapping. International

Electronics Symposium on Knowledge Creation and Intelligent Computing (IES-KCIC).

Surabaya, Indonesia. pp. 231-238. DOI: 10.1109/KCIC.2017.8228592

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8228592&isnumber=8

228443

Leonardo S. A. (2019, February), School in Earthquake Threat: School Based Disaster

Preparedness Model in Indonesia. Preprints.org; DOI: 10.20944/preprints201902.0253.v1.

Li C., Liang W., Quigley C., Zhao Y. & Yu L.F. (2017, April). Earthquake Safety Training

Through Virtual Drill. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 23, no.

4, pp. 1275-1284. DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2017.2656958

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7829397&isnumber=78

76887

Narula D. (2016, March). Top 10 Countries that are Most Prone to Earthquakes. List

Surge. https://listsurge.com/top-10-countries-prone-earthquakes

Ng, C., Galarosa, K., Petargue, A., Tan, G., & Quebada, A. E. E. (2017). When the Big One

Strikes Catbalogan City, Philippines: An Earthquake Damage Assessment using

REDAS. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH, 17-27. Retrieved from

http://jar.ssu.edu.ph/index.php/JAR/article/view/32

Sanchez M. P., Ardiente H. J., Garcia K., Mondeñedo B. J. & Sendrijas N.J. (2019, April)

Students Awareness on the Safety Features of the University in Response to Earthquake. University

of Cebu - Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue, College of Nursing

http://ejournal.lucp.net/index.php/mjmr/article/view/23/30
 Shah, Afroz Ahmad, Qadri, Talha, Khwaja, Sheeba (2018). Living with Earthquake

Hazards in South and South East Asia. Universitas Indonesia, Directorate of Research and Public

Service DOI:10.7454/ajce.v2i1.105 https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/ajce/vol2/iss1/2