PHILOSOPHICAL SELF • David Hume

• Socrates (470BCE – 399BCE) - A wise man, therefore, proportions his belief to the evidence
- Know Thyself - Ang pinaniniwalaan ng isang matalinong tao ay nakabase sa mga
ebidensya
- Question Everything
- Only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness
■ Empiricism – the theory that says all knowledge comes from the
- “An unexamined life is not worth living”
senses
- “I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think”
- The mind is not separated from perception
- “To know is to know that you know nothing. That is the meaning of
- The entire contents of the mind are transmitted daily to the human
true knowledge”
condition

■ Socratic Method – question and answer leads to students thinking for

■ Teorya ng Bundle
themselves
- The man is a collection of different successive perception is always
changing and moving
• Plato
- The qualities that we feel the is only part of something
- “Never discourage anyone who continually makes progress, no matter
how slow”
• Immanuel Kant
- “Be kind, because all the people we met may have battle to surpass”
- Morality is not properly the doctrine of how we make ourselves happy,
- “Scholars and wise men speak because they have to say; fools speak
but how we may make ourselves worthy of happiness
because they have to speak”
- Ang moralidad ay hindi doktrina ng kung paano natin pasasayahin ang
- “Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the world, wings to the mind,
ating sarili; ito ay kung paano natin magagawa and ating sarili na karapat
flight to the imagination, and charm to life and to everything”
dapat na lumigaya
- The soul is in the human body. The rational part is the head, the spirit is
in the upper part of the body, and the appetite is in the central part of the
body to the heart ■ Metaphysics of Self – branch of philosophy that studies the nature,
substance and identity
- Greek philosopher who founded the Academy in Athens
- It also explains how we get knowledge

■ Academy – the first institution of learning in the west

■ The path to true knowledge:
◊ Rationalismo – reason
• Saint Augustine of Hippo
◊ Empiricism – by the senses
- His mother is a Christian and his father remains a pagan
- He takes a different philosophy before he became a Christian at the age
of 35 ■ The consciousness is divided into:
- You must lose whatever you have filled and you will be filled with ◊ Internal self – composed of psychological states and informed
things that you don’t have decisions; remembering our own state, how can we combine the new and
old ideas with our mind
- Admission of wrongdoing is the first step to a good cause
◊ External self – made up of ourselves and the physical world where the
- A habit that, if not prevented, is becoming a necessity
representation of objects

■ Temperance – a love of giving up entirely himself to Him and that’s

• Sigmund Freud
the only reason
- The child is the Father of a man
■ Courage – a love that can go beyond everything with pleasure for the
sake of Himself and that’s the only reason - A famous neurologist who created psychoanalysis
■ Justice – a love that is uniquely serve only Him and no other reason
■ Prudence – a love that can make the right decision on what prevents ■ Threefold of Oneself
and what helps ◊ Id – the center of all human wants and desires that you must satisfy
- Early stage self-shaping
• René Descartes - Indifferent to the moral laws of society
- I think, therefore I am - Collection of preferences that must be met
- The mind exists. Not far from the mind of man, so man exists. When in
doubt someone has doubts for him. The work itself will doubt the fact ◊ Ego – act according to reality
that he exists.
- Balances the desires of the people and how to present it
- To know what is right or wrong based on context
• John Locke
- No man’s knowledge here can go beyond his experience
◊ Superego – looking at the perfection of things
- Even if a man has the ability to think, it does not mean that he is using
- To achieve the superego, it can be cruel and punishable
it.
- We felt embarrassment and guilt when we have fallen short of the high
Others have chosen to live in ignorance, others think very weak, or others
expectations
are slaves to their emotions which they use their brains to understand the
laws of nature
Others chose to simply be bad because they are accustomed to it
• Gilbert Ryle
- In searching for the self, one cannot simultaneously be the hunter and
the hunted
- Sa paghahanap sa sarili hindi maaring ang naghahanap ay siya ring
hinahanap

■ Self and Behaviour

- “I made it, and so I am”
- Wrong bases and problems arise on how we give meaning and how we
deliver or how we paraphrase the words

■ Ghost in the Machine

- The mysterious component called mind, controls the mechanistic body

• Patricia Churchland
- To understand the mind, we must understand the brain
- Upang maunawaan ang isipan, kailangang unawain natin and utak
- In all probability, mental states are processes and activities of the rain.
Exactly what activities and exactly at what level of description, remains
to be seen

- Sa mga bagay na maaaring mangyari, and estado ng pag-iisip ay mga

proses at gawain ng utak. Kung anong gawain at kung ano ang antas ng
paglalarawan ay kailangan pang Makita.

• Paul Churchland
- Modern philosopher who studied the brain
- “The self as a brain”
- The physical brain allows us to say we are so different

• Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961)

- French Phenomenological Philosopher
- Philosophical movement called Existentialism
- Rejects Edmund Husserl’s philosophical movement
- Analyzed experiences, perception and difficulties of human existences
- Because we are in the world, we are condemned to meaning, and we
cannot do or say anything without its acquiring a name in history
- Dahil tayo ay nasa mundo, kailangan nating magkaroon ng kahulugan,
at hindi tayo maaaring gumawa o magsalita ng kahit na ano na hindi tayo
nagkakaroon ng pangalan sa kasaysayan
- The body is our general medium for having a world
- Ang katawan ang paraan kung paano tayo nagkakaroon ng mundo