1/23/20

BB 101

Tutorial 1
22/01/2020

Tutorial 1 BB101 IIT Bombay

Outline

1. Cell cycle and check points

2. Mitosis vs Meiosis

3. Basic genetic terminology

4. Mendelian genetics

5. Discussion and problem solving

Tutorial 1 BB101 IIT Bombay

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Cell cycle and its checkpoints

G1 checkpoint

G2 checkpoint

M checkpoint

Tutorial 1 BB101 IIT Bombay

Cell cycle regulation – Why is it important?

• Why can our favourite superheroes

or zebrafish and planaria regenerate
efficiently but we can’t?
• Why do normal cells turn into
cancerous cells? 4

Tutorial 1 BB101 IIT Bombay

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Mitosis

Tutorial 1 BB101 IIT Bombay

Cell division: Mitosis vs. Meiosis

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Phenotype vs. Genotype

• Phenotype: Visually observable
characteristics
• Genotype: genetic makeup of an
individual

Gene vs. Allele

• Gene: sequence of nucleotides in DNA coding for particular gene product.
• Allele: different variants of a single gene.

Tutorial 1 BB101 IIT Bombay

Dominant vs. Recessive

• Dominant: allele that masks the effect

of a different allele

• Recessive: allele that can be masked by

dominant allele

Monohybrid cross vs. Dihybrid cross

• Monohybrid cross: where only one genetic trait is considered

• Dihybrid cross: where two genetic traits are considered

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Mendel’s law
Law of segregation Law of independent assortment

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Genetics and Rules of probability

• A dihybri d or multicharacter cross is equivalent to two or
more independent monohybrid crosses happening
simultaneously

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Discussion and Problem Solving

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1. At which stage of the cell cycle homologous chromosomes and

sister chromatids segregate in mitosis and meiosis? Draw the
mentioned stage with proper labelling.

Ans: Homologous chromosomes segregate at anaphase

whereas sister chromatid does not during mitosis. But sister
chromatid segregate at the Anaphase II of meiosis.

What happens in
Anaphase I then?

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Meiosis 2: anaphase II

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2. Cells from G2 phase were incubated with cells from S phase

and allowed to fuse, what can be the outcome in S phase cells?
What can you conclude from this experiment?

Ans: Cells from S phase will show fragmented DNA as certain

factors from G2 will push the cells from S to G2 faster without
the completion of the particular stage.
Conclusion: Certain factor (MPF) were discovered via this
experiment.

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Tutorial 1 BB101 IIT Bombay

3. In peas, a gene for tall plants (T) is dominant over its allele for
dwarf plants (t). The gene for round seed
(R) is dominant over its allele for wrinkled seed (r). Calculate both
phenotypic and genotypic ratios for the following crosses :
a.TtRr x TtRr b.Ttrr x ttrr c.ttRr x Ttrr

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4. Two tall plants ( of unknown genotypes) were crossed with each other
to produce all tall offsprings in F1 generation. When these F1 plants
were test crossed following ratios were seen in F2 generation. Determine
the genotypes of the F1 plants. And write the genotypes of all other
plants accordingly.

All tall 1 (tall):1 (dwarf)

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Ans.

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