SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND

GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
ADVANCE TOPICS IN ENGINEERING

Design of a Two-Storey Residential Unit using

Ultimate Stress Method, Load Resistance and
Factor Design, and STAAD Pro.
CE-181/C1

Submitted by:
Callejo. Paulo
Callope, Jerard Renz V.
Tolentino, Paul Diony
Malapit, Stephen Alfred G.
Yanson, Erniel John T.

Submitted to:

Engr. Jerome V. Katigbak

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Project Details
i. Location and parameters

1. Seismic Load (STAAD)

2. Wind load (STAAD)

3. Dead loads, live loads, roof live loads

ii. Load Combinations

II. Superstructure design and calculations (along with STAAD + excel)

i. Truss
ii. Ground floor to Second Floor

III. Substructure Design and calculations

i. Footings

IV. Summary Of Design ( refer to excel attached to folders )

V. References/guidelines/tables
I. PROJECT DETAILS
i. Location and details

Floor area is approximately: 62.496 m2

The Agreed height of each floor:

Footing base to ground floor line: 1.5 m

Ground Floor line to Second Floor line: 3.0 m

2nd floor line to Roof Beam Framing: 3.0m

Height of Truss: 2m
 o Residential unit
o Located in Palawan
o Enclosed structure

ii. Loadings

1. Wind load Parameters

In accordance to ASCE-7-2010 Structure type : Building Structures

Building Category: IV (4) Building height: 8m

Basic Wind speed: 240 kmph

Windward Leeward Sideward

 2. Seismic Load parameters

Dead Loads & Live Loads (these loads are stated in the lecture)

Roof Live loads

The Tributary area of roof is above 60 m2 and it has a slope of

approx. 35 percent therefore, using method 1 the uniform
load for roof live load is 0.60 kPa.
 Load Combination: The ultimate Load combination applied on all loads to design is: 1.2 DL +1.6
LL + 0.5Lr

These are the list of load combinations to be used in the STAAD analysis which can be
observed in the attached e-files, and executable STAAD files.
II. Superstructure

I. Trusses

A. NAMING AND PARAMETERS

Measured distance bet. Trusses:

2.052m using the scale
B. Design of Members

Purlins
LOAD DEFINITIONS

Windload = @8m, 1.34275 KN/m2

Roof Live Load: 35% slope, 84.2756m2

Method 1 Tributary Area
LR=0.6kPa

a. Dead load
G.I. sheet (1mm) @ 84.2756m2 @ 7.75g/cm3
Purlins (c-section) = 0.0775kg/cm2
No sagrods considered
=7,602.75Pa
G.I. sheet = 7.6kPa

b. Load Combination for Truss

1.2DL + 1.6LR
1.2DL + 1.0W + 0.5LR
 Load Definitions (T-1)

Θ = 32.167
c. Tangential Loads
1.34kPa(cos19.4612) = 1.134309kPa wind load
0.6kPa(cos90-32.167) = 0.3194kPa Roof live load
7.6kPa(cos90-32.167) = 4.046kPa G.I. sheet

Normal Loads

0.6kPa(cos32.167) = 0.5079kPa roof live load

7.6kPa(cos 32.167) = 6.43339kPa G.I. sheet
1.34(sin32.167) = 0.7134kPa wind load
Tangential = .12(4.046) + 0.5(0.3194) = 5.0149kPa

d. Normal = 1.2(6,43339) + 1.0(0.7134) + 0.5(0.5079) =

8,687418kPa

USE LOAD COMBINATION 1.2DL + 1.0W + 0.5LRDesign of Purlins

(T-1, A)
Spacing bet. Purlins = 0.6m
Normal = 8.687418(0.6)
= 5.212kN/m

Tangential = 5.0148(0.6)
= 3.009kN/m

@ x
RAx = Rbx = 4.457KN
Mmaxx = wl2/8
= 5.212(1.71)2/8 = 1.905Nm

@ y
RAy = Rby = 2.573KN
Mmaxy = wl2/8
= 3.009(1.71)2/8
= 1.0998Nm
e. Design of Purlin
Loads Applied hrough Shear Center:
𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢𝑦
+ ≤ 1.0
∅𝑏𝑀𝑛𝑥 ∅𝑀𝑛𝑦

Mnx=Zxfy fy=420MPa
Mny=Zyfy Θb=0.9

*using excel
Purlin design: C channel : 75x5.2
Properties : weight = 5.2kg/m = 0.054 KN/m

Mnx = 1.9247
Mny = 1.11952
Manual computation of point loads to apply on trusses

HT-1

T1-
B Truss and Purlins (6
purlins)

6 spacings
f. 7 purlins at each joint for T-1, 9 purlins for HT-1 (0.6
spacing)
Purlin location at T-1 (7 purlins)

Purlin location at HT-1

(9 purlins)
 *Forces @ purlins @ HT-1 (sideward)
Choose 75x 5.2
wind=3.4803kPa

-Tangential-
Dead loads
Purlins
0.054sin(23.962) =
0.02193
g. GI sheet
7.6(0.6)(sin23.962) = 1.852
Live loads
(0.6)(0.6)(sin23.962) = 0.1462
Wind
(3.48)(0.6)(cos23.962) = 1.908
-Normal-
Wind
(0.6)(3.4803)(sin23.962) = 0.848
GI sheet
(7.6)(0.6)(cos23.962) = 4.16699
Purlins = 0.0493
Live load
(0.6)(0.6)(cos23.962)=0.329
 Purlins T-1 leeward
Tangential
Dead loads
h. GI sheet = 7.6sin32.167(0.6) = 2.428
Purlins = 5.2(9.81)sin3.167 = 2.716
Roof live = 0.6(0.6)sin32.167 = 0.1917
Wind = (3.48)(0.6)cos32.167 = 1.7675

Normal
GI sheet = 7.6cos32.167(0.6) = 6.4339
Purlin = 0.054cos32.167 = 0.0457
Roof = 0.5079cos32.167(0.6) = 0.258
Wind = 3.48(0.6)sin32.167 = 1.1116

STAAD Results and Forces

***Not at least one member failed at C 75X5.2, refer to the attached executable STAAD
file
 II. Roof Beam and 2nd floor beams

Sample Computation for the design of Horizontal Members

Sample Computation for Beam 2BX-1

Given:

b = 200 Concrete cover (cc) = 40 mm

h = 350 Stirrup diameter = 10 mm
Mu = 92.55 x 10^6 N mm Diameter of rebar = 20 mm
fc’= 21 MPa
fy = 420 MPa

Required: No. of top & bottom bars

Solution:

d = h – cc - stirrup diameter - rebar diameter/2

d = 350 – 40 – 10 – 20/2
d = 290 mm

d’ = cc + stirrup diameter + rebar diameter/2

d’ = 40 + 10 + 20/2
d’ = 60 mm

First check if DRRB is needed

Mu = φ * ƿ * fy * b * d2 [1 – (0.59 * ƿ * fy) / fc’];
92.55 x 106 = 0.9 * ƿ * 200 * 2902 * [1 – (0.59 * ƿ * 420) / 21]
ƿ = 0.018658

ƿmax = 0.85 * fc’ * β1 * 3 / (7 * fy)

ƿmax = 0.85 * 21 * 0.85 * 3 / (7 * 420)
ƿmax = 0.01548

Since ƿ > ƿmax, design as DRRB!

ƿ5 = 0.85 * fc’ * β1 * 3 / (8 * fy)

ƿ5 = 0.01355

Cc = T1
0.85 * fc’ * a * 200 = As * fy; As = ƿ5 * b * d
0.85 * 21 * a * 200 = 0.01355 * 200 * 290 * 420
a = 92.4375

c = a / β1 = 92.4375/0.85 = 108.75

fs = 600 (d – c) / c
fs = 600 (290 – 108.75) / 108.75
fs = 1000

εs = fs/Es = 1000 / 200000 = 0.005

Mn1 = T1 (d – a/2)
Mn1 = ƿ5 * b * d * fy (d – a/2)
Mn1 = 80448270

φMn = φ [ Mn1 + Mn2]

Mn2 = (92550000/0.9) – 80448270
Mn2 = 22385064 N mm

f’s = 600 (d-d’) / c

f’s = 600 (290 – 60) / 108.75
f’s = 1268.9655

Since 1268.9655 > 420, use fy

Mn2 = C’s (d-d’) = T2 (d – d’)

22385064 = As2 * (290 – 60)
As2 = 231.73 mm2
As1 = ƿ5 * b * d = 0.01355 * 200 * 290 = 785.71875 mm2

As = 231.73 + 785.71875 = 1017.4482 mm2

𝜋
No. of top bars = As2 / [4 𝑥 𝑑𝑏 2 ]
𝜋
No. of top bars = 231.73 / [4 𝑥 202 ]
No. of top bars = 0.7376
No. of top bars = 1 bar
𝜋
No. of top bars = As1 / [4 𝑥 𝑑𝑏 2 ]
𝜋
No. of top bars = 785.71875 / [4 𝑥 202 ]
No. of top bars = 2.501
No. of top bars = 3 bars
 Excel Spreadsheet for computing Horizontal Members

2BX-1
2BX-2
2GX-1 (Right End)
2GX-1 (Mid span)

2GX-2 (Right End)

2GX-2 (Mid span)

2GX-3 (End Span)

2GX-3 (Mid Span)
2GX-4 (Mid Span)
2GX-4 (End Span)
Vertical Members Design (Use Most Critical: Beam 41)

2GY2-3
2GY2-3 (End Span)
2GY2-3 (Mid Span)
SUMMARY OF SECOND FLOOR BEAM DESIGN (W/o stirrups)
 Sample Computation for the Design of Stirrups
Sample Computation for Beam 2BX-1

Given:
b = 200 Concrete cover (cc) = 40 mm
h = 350 Stirrup diameter = 10 mm
Mu = 92.55 x 10^6 N mm Diameter of rebar = 20 mm
fc’= 21 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
fy (stirrups) = 280 MPa

Required: Spacing of stirrups @ φVc & φVc/2

Solution:

d = h – cc - stirrup diameter - rebar diameter/2

d = 350 – 40 – 10 – 20/2
d = 290 mm

Vu @ face = 66.65 kN

Check φVc & φVc/2

φVc = 0.75 (0.17 * λ * √𝑓𝑐′ * b * d

φVc = 0.75 (0.17 * 1.0 * √21 * 200 * 290
φVc = 33.888 kN

Since Vu > φVc, set Vu = φVc + φVs

Vs = (Vu - φVc) / φ
Vs = (66.65- 33.888) / 0.75
Vs = 43.682 kN

s = (Av * fy * d) / Vs
𝜋
s = ([2 𝑥 4 𝑥 102 ] * 280 * 290) / 43.682
s = 291.99

Check smax:

0.33√𝑓𝑐 ′ bd = 0.33√21 (200)(290) = 87.7105

Vs = 43.682 < 87.7105

Therefore, use Smax = d/2 = 290/2 = 145 mm

Smax = 145 mm
SUMMARY OF SECOND FLOOR BEAM DESIGN

III. SLABS

REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS:

The reinforced concrete slabs were designed individually using STAAD.Pro. Since all but one
slabs were two-way slabs, the group decided to employ this method to avoid tedious procedures and
computations.
 The slabs were modeled individually as plates resting on two sub-frames, and had their
properties and loading assigned. Floor loads were applied on the plate’s range, and self-weight was
applied to all members.

Steel reinforcements were determined using the design element command in concrete design
after inputting the necessary parameters. Clear top and bottom spacing, main reinforcement strength of
280 MPa, and concrete compressive strength (fc’) of 21 MPA were applied. Thereafter, the plate was
assigned the “Design Element” command. Analysis was performed thereafter.
 Output file of two-way slab on left side of grid line A’-B’:

In the output file, “LONG. REINF (SQ.MM/MM)” denotes the steel area per millimeter. This can
be easily multiplied by the span in millimeters to get the total area of steel along the span. The same is
applied to steel along the “TRANS. REINF” to get the required area of steel. The number of bars for top
and bottom can be easily computed using this method.

“MOM-X/LOAD (KN-MM/MM)” denotes the design moment used by STAAD.Pro to compute the
area of reinforcing steel along the corresponding direction.
Sample Computations:

LONG REINF.:
Asteel = (0.200 sq. mm/mm) *
4870 mm = 974 mm2
 TRANS. REINF:
Asteel = (0.200 sq. mm/mm) * 2870 mm = 574 mm2

Note: This slab is also the most critical slab due the moment being critical 2.25 kN-mm when loading
of 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL

Output file of two-way slab on grid line C’-D’:

 IV. Columns
A .Parameters 1’ 2’

A’
Grade steel: 420 Mpa
column
B’
Comppressive strength of concrete: 21 Mpa

12.6 m
Concrete Cover = 40 mm Tributary area C’

3.63 m
2.6 m
D’

2nd floor framing E’

4.96 m
C. Design of Members

P1 from Footing to 2nd floor = { ( 1.2*4.23) + (1.6*1.9) } + (1.3+1.815)(2.48) +

1.2*[ 2.4*(0.2)*(0.35) ] *( 1.5+1.815+2.48)
=73.98 kN

P2 (2nd floor to roof framing) = [ 1.2(0.5) + 1.6(1) ] * [ 1.3+1.815)*(2.48) ] + 1.2 *[

24*20*0.35*(1.3 + 1.815 + 2.48 )

P2 = 28.27

PU = 73.98 + 29. 27 = 105.25 kN

Formula used: Pu = Rho(alpha) { (0.85) (fc’)( Ag-As) + AsFy }

102250 = 0.8(0.65) [ (0.85)(21) (B2 – 0.02B2) + 0.02B2*(420)]

B=87mm ; minimum column dimensions = 200mm x 200mm

Use B= 200mm
Check P:

Pu new = 102.25 kN + column selfweight = 102.25 kN + 1.2 { (24kn/m3)(0.2)(0.2)*7.5] = 110.89

Using 110.89 to solve for rho actual… rho actual <0.01, then use…

Use rho=0.01 and use 16 dia. Main bars and 10mm. dia. Bars for ties

As =(0.01)2 * (200)2 = 400 mm2

No. of bars = (400/ (pi/4)* 162 ) = 1.99 bars, therefore use 4-16 mm bars

Cs=( 200 -2*(40)-6*(10)- (2-1)*16

)/(2-1) = 44mm

Ties:
CS
S =256mm = approx.. 250 mm

H = (4.5 -2*(0.05) ) / 0.250 = 17.6 =18

Use 18 stirrups

D. STAAD Results and Forces

 V. Foundation

A .Details

Sample Computation for Footing

qa = 140 kPa

A = 264 kN / 140 = 1.885 m2

√𝐴 = 1.373 = 1.4 𝑚 = 1000 𝑚𝑚

 Vc = 0.33 * λ * √𝑓𝑐′ = 0.33 ∗ 1 ∗ √21 = 1.51

2 2
 0.17 * (1 + 𝛽) λ √𝑓𝑐′ = 0.17 (1 + 1/1)(1)(√21) = 2.34
𝛼𝑠 𝑑 40(0.3125)
 0.083 (2 + ) λ √𝑓𝑐′ = 0.083(2 + ) √21 = 2.69; assume depth of 400 mm
𝑏𝑜 4.05

Use Vc = 1.51 MPa = 1510 kPa

One-way shear:
x = (1.4/2) – d = 0.7 – d
Vu = φVc
140(1.4)(0.7-d) = 0.75 * 0.33 * (√21/2) * 1000 * d
d = 179.79 mm = 180 mm

Two-way shear:
Vu = φVc

264 – 140 (0.2 + d)2 = 0.75 * 0.33 * √21 (1000) d [4(200+d)]

d = 320 mm

Mu = φRubd2 = 140 (1.4) (0.6) (0.6/2) = 35.28 kN m

420ƿ
35.28 kN m = 0.9 * (420) (ƿ) (320)2 (1800) [1 - 1.7 (21)]

ƿ = 0.00051
ƿmin = 1.4/120 = 0.00333
ƿ < ƿmin, use ƿ = ƿmin

As = ƿbd = (0.00333) (1400) (320) = 1493.33 mm2

No. of bars = As/Abar = 1493.33/[(π/4)(202)] = 4.75 bars
No. of bars = 5 bars

USE 5-20 mm bars

B. Design of Members

A. STAAD Results and Forces

 VI. PERTINENT STAAD RESULTS ON OTHER LOAD CASES AND CRITICAL MEMBER OF THE
STRUCTURE.

Most critical member of the structure experienced the largest Fx (shear) at 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL +0.5 RL is the
Column at Grid (2’/c’)
Max Mz

Max Mx
 REFRENCES/tables/guidelines

FOR BEAMS and slabs:

Minimum area of steel bars in RCD

FOR COLUMNS
FOR FOUNDATIONS
For all reinforced concrete members: