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AB6 TYPE RATING TRAINING GUIDE

APPENDIX 8: VISUAL AND CIRCLING APPROACH

Index

VISUAL APPROACH
Study standard VMC approach patterns in AOM 3.3/6 and Aircraft Training (School Flight) in FIN.
The key points are ;
- Check distance from runway while on downwind. A good downwind should be approximately 3 Nm from RWY.
- Prepare aircraft configuration and speed while on downwind. When passing abeam RWY threshold the aircraft must be at flaps 20° with speed stabilized
at V .
P20
Common errors :
- Being too far or too close from RWY on downwind.
- Speed and configuration no prepared on downwind.
- Insufficient planning for altitude/distance to run.
- Excessive pitch corrections.
- Excessive thrust corrections.
- Aim point for landing is varying/changing.
- Forgetting to check instruments during latter part of approach.
- Poor line up with centerline, especially during crosswind landing.
- Attempt to fly “visually” with excess use of autopilot through FCU (late disconnection of autopilot)
- Excessive bank angles and maneuvering to perform sidestep.
- High sink rate, shallow approach angle or “ducking under” on late final approach.
- Approach not stabilized with required configuration at or above 500 ft AGL and late decision to go around.
- Insufficient support from PNF.

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CIRCLING APPROACH
Follow the standard low circuit pattern laid down in AOM 3.3/6.
Initially the approach is flown as a standard instrument approach, except that pilot will maintain:
- Gear down
- Flaps 20°
- Speed V
P20
On final of instrument approach, preset ALT to minimum circling altitude (or higher if weather permit but shall be below cloud level). Maintain circling minima
with gear down and flaps 20° until 1 Km from RWY then turn 45° for 30 sec. Timing may be started when the wings are level to prevent of being too close to
the RWY. After 30 sec turns to downwind heading. Check wind direction and speed while on downwind and make correction accordingly.
Stat timing when crossing abeam RWY threshold. After 20 sec (with head/tail wind correction) turn to base leg heading, select flaps full, reduce speed to V
A
and start a shallow descent.
When turning to final order PNF to set “RWY HDG, V/S 700 DOWN, MISSED APPROACH ALTITUDE, V “ and start looking out for visual aids (VASIS, PAPI).
A
RWY must be kept in sight at all times. Monitor bank angle while turning to final. Do not exceed 30° bank angle but also prepare to correct an overshoot.
Common errors :
- Setting flaps full during the instrument part of the approach.
- Not leveling off at circling minima.
- Poor management of speed and altitude control during circling phase.
- Forgetting “ FLAP FULL” during the base turn.
- Too early, or no descent during the turn to final.
- Not using all available NAV aids for instrument approach RWY (ILS GP).
- Not using available visual aids for landing RWY (VASIS, PAPI).

oOo
Index

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