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AB6 TYPE RATING TRAINING GUIDE

APPENDIX 5: DESCEND
Index

DESCEND PREPARATION
Descend preparation normally commence approximately 10 minutes or 80-100 Nm before top of descent. Before commencing descent, pilot shall;
- Calculate top of descend.
- Obtain destination Wx and landing information from ATIS or GND/TWR control.
- Prepare approach chart, study NOTAM.
- Set FMS F-PLN according to STAR and approach/landing procedure expected.
- Set NAVAIDs.
- Perform approach briefing.
- FMS set for descend preparation
Avoid both pilots head down during descent preparation.
The descent and approach briefing should be given at a time of low workload so that both pilots may concentrate on its content. Approximately ten minutes
before the TOD, the briefing should be begun. Use the EFIS and MCDU to brief routes and procedures. Emphasis must be placed on Minimum En route
Altitudes (MEA) and MSA; MDA (MDH) and MAP definition for a non-precision approach.
All data entries must be cross-checked by both pilots and any ambiguities resolved.
LANDING DATA ………………… Prepare
- Set speed bugs on STBY ASI to V .
APP
DESCENT WIND PROFILE ………………… Insert
- The insertion, on the DES FORECAST page should be made early to ensure optimum top of descent point can be re-computed and ensure that is
ahead of the present position.
- If no wind is inserted, wind is computed by interpolation between CRZ wind and no wind at destination.
STAR/APPROACH ………………… Insert
F-PLN ………………… Check/Modify
APPROACH page ………………… Review
- The FMS computes V based on the predicted landing weight, it is equal to VREF + WIND CORR (entered by crew) + 5 kt (This assumes A/THR is
APP
engaged for landing). The DECEL point, where the aircraft should start to decelerate is computed based on the inserted flight plan route and wind profile.
PROG page ………………… Check
- Set BRG/DIST TO [ ] at a desired point such as a required navaid, waypoint or landing runway threshold. If a VOR/DME exists close to the airfield, it

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should be selected systematically and its ident should be set on PROG page BRG/DIST TO field for navigation accuracy monitoring during descent.
- Check FMS autotuned navaids. Remote tune if required.
GO AROUND page ………………… Check/Modify
- Check/modify the THR RED ALT and ACCEL ALT.
SEC F-PLN page ………………… As req
- If weather is OK, SEC F-PLN can be used for setting another possible approach and/or RWY as a backup at destination airfield.
- If there is a last minute RWY change, it is then only necessary to activate SEC F-PLN not forgetting to set new DA/DH/MDA and navaids.
- PF shall call for Before Descent Checklist few minutes before top of descent.
Descend and Approach
To initiate descent ;
- Select LVL/CH to initiate descend in | RETARD | MACH |.
- Preset speed 300 kts.
- When the speed approaches 300 kts (5-10 kts before 300 kts), press LVL/CH pb twice to change to | RETARD | SPD | smoothly.
If cruising at FL that CRZ MACH is close to speed 300 kts, press SPD/MACH pb to change from MACH to SPD then press LVL/CH pb to initiate descent in |
RETARD | SPD | and adjust speed to 300 kts gradually.
The descent may be initiated by using V/S mode
- Select V/S - 2,500 to 3,000 fpm down to initiate descent in | MACH | V/S |.
- Preset speed 300 kts.
- When the speed approaches 300 kts (5-10 kts before 300 kts), press LVL/CH pb to change to | RETARD | SPD | smoothly.
PF shall call for Approach Checklist when approaching transition level or 10,000 ft whichever is higher.
During approach, pilot trainees are expected to;
- Initiates deceleration at appropriate moment.
- Configures aircraft in accordance with standard procedures.
- Maintains aircraft within standard deviation limits for instrument approach.
- Makes correct decision at DA/MDA to land or go around.
- Ensures visual segment flown smoothly and landing made within touchdown zone.
- Applies correct go-around procedure.
- Ensures task sharing requirements and good crew communications.
Key points are;
- Correct FMS approach preparation.
- Aircraft configuration planning.
- Landing gear extension before flaps 20 if deceleration is slow.
- Procedure at MDA.

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In order to perform a good deceleration and configuration planning pilots shall know aircraft position and approximate track miles to touch down all the times.
Deceleration and configuration planning will be in relation with track miles to touchdown as follows;
- Approx 11,500 ft while descending with speed 300 kts (normally approx 45 track miles to touchdown), start reducing speed in order to reach 250 kts at
10,000 ft.
- Approx 20-25 track miles to touchdown, start reducing speed to green dot.
- Approx 15-18 miles to touchdown, select slats out and reduce to S speed.
- Approx 8-10 track miles to touchdown, select speed brakes in flaps 20 and reduce to F speed.
- Approx 6 miles to touchdown, select landing gear down and complete approach checklist. After landing gear down select flaps full and reduce to V
APP
(V + 5 kt). The aircraft shall be stabilized latest at 1,000’ AGL.
REF
The above information are for guidelines only. Pilot shall take into consideration also aircraft altitude in relation with required profile altitude, aircraft weight,
wind component, weather condition, temperature and QNH, traffic, local procedure, etc.
Common errors;
- Misuse of flight plan.
- Aircraft preparation too early or too late.
- Aircraft position and track miles to touchdown not known.
- Use of speed brakes to decelerate on glide-slope.
- Go around altitude not set.
- No cross-check of altitude crossing fix.
- Centerline and/or glide slope not maintained during visual segment (Drift and/or "duck under").
- Landing configuration not stabilized by 1000 ft AGL IMC (500 ft min VMC).

oOo
Index

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