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2
Pipe in Pipe DEH principles
P.i.P 𝑃 = 𝑅𝐼 2
AC - Power Required current [ I ]
Insulation Heating power
Resistance in the conductor [Ω]
r
Main bore
Magnetic permeability
- Is a material property which cannot be
controlled during line pipe production.
4
Pipe in Pipe DEH – System Impedance
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 → 𝑆 = 𝐼 2 𝑍
Ϭouter ϬInner
Conducting area Outer pipe
𝐴𝑜 = 𝜋 ∙ ( 𝑟𝑜𝑖 + 𝛿 2 − 𝑟𝑜𝑖 2 )
𝑅𝑜 = 𝜌/𝐴𝑜
=1-3mm
Skin Depth [δ]
- Frequency [ω]
Current Density
J [A/mm2] - Material properties
7
Pipe in Pipe DEH - B-H Curve Hysteresis
Rop
Rip 𝐵
= 𝜇
𝐻
Hysteresis generates
additional heat
Item Description
1 Umbilical riser
2 Riser Termination
3 Subsea cable
4 Subsea transformer
8 9
5 Flying lead
6 Mid Line assembly
1 7 Heated P.i.P
8 Power supply (host)
9 Power Control Module
2 4
3
5
6 7
9
History
10
History of Electrically Heated Flowlines
P.i.P:
ETH:
I.P.B:
PIP DEH:
Wet DEH:
‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15 ‘16 ‘17
Parameters
Maximum
Systems
System Length Diameter Depth
installed [-]
[Km] [Inch] [m]
P.i.P 1 6 6 30
ETH
I.P.B 3 3 11 1350
PIP-DEH 10 (3 fields) 13 10 2100
DEH 16 43 30 1070
11
Industry Track Record in Detail (INTECSEA, 2017)
12
Water Depth and U-Value (INTECSEA, 2017)
13
Shell GoM Experience (2001-2003 installations)
Invented late 90’s by Ron Bass, shortly after Wet DEH emerged in Norway
End fed: Installed and operated (TRL7)
14
Nakika Schematic (OTC15145, 2003)
15
BP Tests – Bayou, Louisianna. c2010
16
BP Tests: Heat Input, Step-out, Current
18
16
400 [A]
14
400 [A]
12
Distance [Km]
500 [A]
10
500 [A]
8 600 [A]
0
0 50 100 150 200
[W/m] Effective Heat Input
HMC, Calibrated Paper BP Trials DOT 2012
17
ExxonMobil Annulus Improvements
Assisted by Ron Bass, after he retired from Shell
Objective:
18
Qualification Status
19
Power Supply and Umbilical: TRL7
Modest cost
21
Wet–Mate Connectors [TRL 4-7]
Volts [KV]
30
parallel
Hard-wired connection also possible
- Integrate transformer with MLA
- Wet-mate HV primary
22
Pipe in Pipe DEH – Flowline Components
24
Conclusions
PIP-DEH is a field-proven method for electrical heating of deepwater flowlines
- Basic method is TRL7 (seven years operation)
- Simple, robust and relatively high efficiency
Suitable for installation by reeling, J-Lay or S-Lay