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Myla De Guzman
Diana Marie Dime
The period from birth to first three years of life is known
as infancy and toddlerhood. During this stage, the
Pamela Urmatan
developmental change is more rapid and more Mark Anthony Cargo
dramatic than any other 3-year period in the lifespan. Neil Patrick Flores
Physical development is one domain of infant and
toddler development. It relates to changes, growth and
skill development of muscles and senses.

Growth in Height and Weight

At 24 months, the head is ¼ of the total height. An https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-

adult’s head is 1/10th of his or her height. The child’s
body-build type will become apparent during the
toddler years
Bones and Teeth
toddler-health/in-depth/parenting-tips-for-toddlers/art-
20044684
https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/resources-for-
families/7-tips-raising-caring-kids

Bones are becoming harder. Due to the cartilage, the https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/guide-parents.html

toddler’s bones are more flexible and less likely to
break than an adult’s. However, the softer bones are
more prone to disease or deformation.

“DON'T LIMIT A CHILD TO PHYSICAL

YOUR OWN LEARNING, FOR DEVELOPMENT
HE WAS BORN IN ANOTHER
Of Infants and Toddlers
TIME.”
 Taking Care of
Infants
If you haven't spent a lot of time around
newborns, their fragility may be intimidating.
Here are a few basics to remember:
1.Wash your hands (or use a hand sanitizer) before
handling your baby. Newborns don't have a strong
immune system yet, so they're at risk for infection.
Make sure that everyone who handles your baby
has clean hands.
2.Support your baby's head and neck. Cradle the
head when carrying your baby and support the head
when carrying the baby upright or when you lay your
baby down.
3.Never shake your newborn, whether in play or in
frustration. Shaking can cause bleeding in the brain
and even death. If you need to wake your infant,
don't do it by shaking — instead, tickle your baby's
feet or blow gently on a cheek.
4.Make sure your baby is securely fastened into the
carrier, stroller, or car seat. Limit any activity that
could be too rough or bouncy.
Remember that your newborn is not ready for
rough play, such as being jiggled on the knee or
thrown in the air.
Feeding and Burping Your Baby
A newborn baby needs to be fed every 2 to 3 hours.
If you're breastfeeding, give your baby the chance
to nurse about 10–15 minutes at each breast. If
you're formula-feeding, your baby will most likely
take about 2–3 ounces (60–90 milliliters) at each
feeding.
Taking Care of
Toddlers
Life can be frustrating for toddlers. Though
eager to be independent, young children can't
always move as swiftly as they'd like or clearly
Taking Care of Your
express their needs. They also tend to have
trouble dealing with limits, compromise and
Children
disappointment. This can lead to tantrums and
misbehavior.
But you can teach your toddler to behave well
by providing love, clear rules and a degree of
routine. Consider these practical parenting tips. Research in human development clearly shows
that the seeds of empathy, caring, and
1. Show your love - Make sure your displays of compassion are present from early in life, but
affection for your child outnumber any that to become caring, ethical people, children
consequences or punishments. Hugs, kisses and need adults to help them at every stage of
good-natured roughhousing reassure your child
childhood to nurture these seeds into full
of your love. Praise and attention also can
motivate your toddler to follow the rules. development.
2. Prioritize rules - Rather than overloading your
child with rules from the outset — which might We should work to cultivate children’s concern
frustrate him or her — prioritize those geared for others because it’s fundamentally the right
toward safety first and gradually add rules over thing to do, and also because when children can
time. Help your toddler follow the rules by empathize with and take responsibility for
childproofing your home and eliminating some others, they’re likely to be happier and more
temptations. successful. They’ll have better relationships
3. Prevent tantrums - It's normal for a toddler to their entire lives, and strong relationships are a
have temper tantrums. To reduce the frequency, key ingredient of happiness. In today’s
duration or intensity of your child's tantrums:
workplace, success often depends on
 Know your child's limits.
collaborating effectively with others, and
 Explain how to follow the rules.
 Take 'no' in stride. children who are empathic and socially aware
are also better collaborators.
 Pick your battles.
 Offer choices, when possible.
 Encourage communication.
4. Enforce consequences - Despite your best
efforts, your toddler will break the rules. Ignore
minor displays of anger, such as crying — but if
your child hits, kicks or screams for a prolonged
period, remove him or her from the situation.