Developing

“ Expert Students”
 What is an Expert
Learner?
An Expert has a wealth of knowledge in a specific field or
domain.
Michael
Jordan Albert Einstein The Beatles
 Expert learners have:
• Declarative knowledge
• Procedural knowledge
• Conditional knowledge
 Expert learners have:

Declarative • - Facts and verbal information

knowledge
Procedural • - how to perform various cognitive activities
knowledge
Conditional • - know when and why to apply their
knowledge learning
 What is a Novice Learner?
• Is a beginner who is becoming familiar with the first stages of learning new
knowledge or skills.
 How does a Novice Learner Differ from an
Expert Learner?
• Novice Learner • Expert Learner
-they don’t stop to evaluate their - their declarative knowledge has
comprehension of the material. become “proceduralized” and
- they don’t examine the quality of incorporated into routines that can be
their work or stop to make revisions applied automatically without any
as they go along. effort on their working memory.
 How does a Novice Learner Differ from an
Expert Learner?
• Novice Learner
-They don’t make connections or see
the relevance of the learning material
to their lives.
-They are busy learning new
declarative knowledge and thinking
about each step in a new procedure to
apply this knowledge.
• Expert Learner
- they are “more aware than novices
of when they need to check for
errors, why they fail to comprehend,
and how they need to redirect their
efforts.
A reading example to compare a novice and an
expert student:
• Novice learner
- would go on to the next page,
thinking that just reading the words
on a page is enough.
• Expert learner
-would re-read the page until the
main concept is understood, or flag
(bookmark) a difficult passage to ask
for clarification from an instructor or
peers later.
-they have techniques to ensure they
understand what they are reading.
What is student expertise?
Learning Expertise is acquiring the mental abilities that
effectively adapt to and respond to diverse issues, problems and
challenges of situations throughout your life. It includes:
• The ability to specify goals or objectives to achieve
• Frequent self-monitoring of your progress or development
• Knowing how you learn best or your preferred learning style
• Engaging different learning strategies and knowing which one works
best for a particular purpose
CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPERT
STUDENTS
1. Experts Are Dedicated to Practice

- Goal-oriented practice aimed at achieving an

expert level of performance separates experts
from novice.
2. Experts Have Effective Cognitive Processing

They have efficient methods of encoding, organizing, and

retrieving new material from their memory.
3. Expert Students Have Knowledge About How
To Learn

A wide range of knowledge and procedures related to learning significantly

influences the skilled performance of an expert student.

Knowledge is the basic foundation of skilled performance.

4. Experts Do Extensive Planning and Evaluation

The result of their evaluations serves as feedback to

adjust, modify, or revise their plans and actions.
 5. Experts Are Very Selective
They choose aspects of the information or situation that is most essential from
unnecessary details.

They do not burden themselves with many unnecessary things to remember.

These will only slow down their ability to retrieve the most relevant and useful
information
 6. Experts Organize Their Knowledge By
Chunking
They are able to update and organize bits of relevant information into chunks
or an organized pattern.

Ex. (823569) 82, 35, 69

7. Expert Learners Store Information Within the
Context of Relevant Future

Example: When a situation (i.e. similar to the first and original

situation) is encountered in the future, the information associated with
that situation is automatically retrieved.
 8. Experts Contemplate: Metacognition
• They reflect on their thought processes and method called
Metacognition: knowledge about one’s own knowledge

• They are mindful of their own performance and aware of

their thought processes.
• They are aware of how they know what they know.

• They have expert metacognitive strategies

 How to develop expert
metacognitive learning strategies?
Learning Awareness:
• Consciously identify what you already know
• Define Learning goals
• Consider your personal resources (e.g. textbooks, access to
the library, computer or a quiet study area.)
• Consider the task requirement (essay test, multiple choice, etc.)
• Determine how your performance will be evaluated.
• Consider your motivation level
• Determine your level of anxiety
Planning:
• Estimate the time required to complete the task
• Plan study time into your schedule and set priorities
• Make a checklist of what needs to happen when
• Organize materials
• Take the necessary steps to learn by using different strategies
such as outlining, mnemonics, diagramming,etc.
Monitoring and Reflection:
• Reflect on the learning process, keeping track of
what works and what doesn’t work for you.
• Monitor your own learning by questioning and self-testing
• Provide your own feedback
• Keep concentration and motivation high