Legal Citation Group 8263252762

CHAPTER 9
BASIC
LEGAL CITATION
GROUP 8
AU G U S T 2 6 , 2 018
OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Purposes of Legal Citation
3. Types of Citation Principles
4. How to Cite the following:
➤ Constitutions
➤ Statues, and Similar Materials
➤ Administrative Materials and
Regulations
➤ Court Decisions
➤ Foreign Legal Materials
5. Repeating Citations
OUTLINE
1.Introduction
➤ Constitutions
Regulations
➤ Court Decisions
CHAPTER 9 BASIC LEGAL CITATION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
LEGAL RESEARCH
search for the authority that can be

applied to a given set of facts and issues.
(Putman, 2004)
INTRODUCTION
A LEGAL RESEARCHER MUST BE

• aware of legal materials
• familiar with multiple sources and different

techniques for researching various types of problems
• able to search for primary authorities, as well as

a large range of secondary sources
INTRODUCTION
CATEGORIES OF LEGAL RESEARCH MATERIAL
• Primary Authority

judicial and administrative decisions, and enacted legislation
• Secondary Authority

textbooks, reports, government documents, journal articles, etc.
Finding tools
Library catalogue, periodical indexes, search engines,
legal gateways/portals, case digests
OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2.Purposes of Legal Citation
➤ Constitutions
Regulations
➤ Court Decisions
PURPOSES OF
LEGAL CITATION
PURPOSES OF LEGAL CITATION
LEGAL CITATION
standard language that allows one writer to refer

to legal authorities with sufficient precision and
generally that others can follow the references.
(Adapted from Cornell Library, 2005)
PROPERLY WRITTEN REFERENCE

• identify the document and document part to
which the writer is referring
• provide the reader with sufficient information to

find the document
• furnish additional important information

“to provide a standardized

form for the substance of
Supreme Court decisions
and resolutions”
“to provide tools for clarity

while leaving plenty of
room for individual style
and reference”
OUTLINE
1. Introduction
3.Types of Citation Principles
➤ Constitutions
Regulations
➤ Court Decisions
T YPES OF CITATION
PRINCIPLES
T YPES OF CITATION PRINCIPLES
FULL ADDRESS PRINCIPLES
Principles that specify completeness of the

address or identification of a cited document or
document portion in terms that will allow the
reader to retrieve it.
OTHER MINIMUM CONTENT

PRINCIPLES
Principles that call for the inclusion in a citation of

additional information items beyond a retrieval
address
a. Full name of the author of a journal or article
b. The year a decision was rendered or a
statutory codification last updated
COMPACTING PRINCIPLES
Principles that reduce the space taken up by the
information items included in a citation.
Example:
a. Abbreviations (Supreme Court as SC)
b. Principles that eliminate redundancy (If the
deciding court is communicated by the name of the
reporter, it need not to be repeated in the citation’s
concluding parentheses along with the date as it
should be otherwise.
FORMAT PRINCIPLES
Principles about punctuation, typography, order

of items within a citation, and the like.
OUTLINE
1. Introduction
➤ Constitutions
Regulations
➤ Court Decisions
HOW TO CITE
CONSTITUTION
CONSTITUTIONAL TEXT
In the footnote, the Constitution is cited by
reference to the article, section, and paragraph.
Example:
CONSTITUTION, Art. Vii, Sec 2.
CONSTITUTION, (1935), Art. III, Sec 1, par. (3).
CONSTITUTIONAL PROCEEDINGS
In the footnote, cite the constitutional record and journal by
reference to the volume in roman:
Examples:
RECORD, CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION 24 (June 24, 1986)

JOURNAL, CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION 24 (June 24,
1986)
OUTLINE
1. Introduction
➤ Constitutions
➤ Statues, and Similar
Materials
Regulations
➤ Court Decisions
HOW TO CITE STATUTES

AND SIMIL AR MATERIALS
HOW TO CITE STATUTES AND SIMIL AR MATERIALS
THREE SUBSECTIONS
1. Session Laws
2. Codes
3. Legislative Proceedings
SESSION LAWS
Format: Law (Effectivity), Specific article or section
Examples:
a. Document to Cite: Sec 2 of Republic Acts,
1964-1972, July 27, 1987 to date
Republic Act No. 4723 (1966), Sec 2
b. Document to Cite: Sec 1 of Batas Pambansa,

July 23, 1984 to February 1, 1986
Batas Pambansa Blg. 111 (1981), Sec 1
CODES
Format: Name of code (year*), (1) or (2),
(1) if provisions in the code are numbered continuously –then

write the specific article or section
(2) if the provisions are not numbered continuously –then write
the headings from the general to specific followed by the
particular article or section
*Include the year when the code is no longer in force or has

subsequently revised, place the year of effectivity in
parenthesis after the name of the code
CODES

Examples
CIVIL CODE, Art. 297

Name of Code Option 1: Specific Article
CODES

Examples
ADMINISTRATIVE CODE, Sec 29

ADMINISTRATIVE CODE, BOOK IV, Title 1, Chapter 9, Sec 29
Name of Code Option 2: General to specific section
CODES
*Include the year when the code is no longer in force or

has subsequently revised, place the year of effectivity in
parenthesis after the name of the code
Examples: Civil code 1889 , Chapter 5 the rights and

duties of spouses, Article 67: The spouses must respect
and assist each other and act in the family interest.
CIVIL CODE (1889), Art. 67

Name of Code Year Specific article
LEGISLATIVE PROCEEDINGS
Format: Volume RECORD/JOURNAL/HOUSE/
SENATE, Specific Congress, the session no. , page no.
(date)
Examples:
II RECORD, HOUSE 6TH CONGRESS 1st SESSION 24 (June 24, 1966)
Vol/Record Specific Congress Session number Date
II JOURNAL, SENATE 6TH CONGRESS 1st SESSION 24 (June 24, 1966)

Vol/Journal Specific Congress Session number Date
OUTLINE
1. Introduction
➤ Constitutions
➤ Administrative Materials
and Regulations
➤ Court Decisions
HOW TO CITE
ADMINISTRATIVE MATERIALS
AND REGUL ATIONS
HOW TO CITE ADMINISTRATIVE MATERIALS AND REGUL ATIONS
TWO SUBSECTIONS
1. Treaties
2. Executive and Administrative
Issuances
TREATIES
1. Name of treaty or agreement, date of signing, parties,
subdivision referred to (if applicable) and the source, (Other
significant information)
Example:
Treaty of Friendship with India, July 11, 1952 (1953), II-2 DFATS
1, 2 PTS 797, 203 UNTS 73.
2 Use shorter or popular name for subsequent citations
Example: When citing, the convention on prevention and

punishment of the crime of genocide use:
Genocide Convention.
EXECUTIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES

Format: Issuance (Year)
Example: Executive Order

EXECUTIVE ORDER 329
DESIGNATING THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN OF THE
PHILIPPINES (NCWP) AS ONE OF THE LEAD MONITORING ARM OF
NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) FOR THE EFFECTIVE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL PLATFORM FOR ACTION AND THE
PHILIPPINE PLAN FOR GENDER-RESPONSIVE DEVELOPMENT IN THE
NGO AND PRIVATE SECTOR
Executive Order No. 329 (1950)

Issuance Year

Example: Proclamations
PROCLAMATION NO. 784
MAKING PUBLIC THE TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP AND FINAL
PROTOCOL BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES AND
THE SWISS CONFEDERATION
Proclamation No. 784 (1961)

Issuance Year

Example: Administrative Orders

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 21
STATING THE GOVERNMENT POLICY ON DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN
INVESTMENTS AND DIRECTING ALL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND
INSTRUMENTALITIES, GOVERNMENT-OWNED OR CONTROLLED
CORPORATIONS AND GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS TO
OBSERVE THE PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE
PHILIPPINES AND EXISTING LAWS WITH REGARD TO INVESTMENTS
Administrative Order No. 21 (1966)

Issuance Year

Format for Presidential Acts under Martial Law:
Issuance (Year)
Example: General Orders

GENERAL ORDER NO. 39
AMENDING GENERAL ORDER NO. 12, DATED SEPTEMBER 30, 1972,
BY GIVING MILITARY TRIBUNALS CONCURRENT JURISDICTION OVER
CRIMES COMMITTED AGAINST TOURISTS AND TRANSIENTS.
General Order No. 39 (1972)

Issuance
Issuance Year
Year

Issuance (Year)
Example: Letters of Instruction

LETTER OF INSTRUCTIONS NO. 230 
ENJOINING ALL GOVERNMENT OFFICES AND AGENCIES INVOLVED
IN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS TO PURCHASE THEIR CEMENT BAGS
FROM THE COTTAGE INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE (CIDE)
Letters of Instruction No. 230 (1972)

Issuance Year

Issuance (Year)
Example: Letters of Authority
Letter of Authority No. 1 (1972)

Issuance Year
Format for Provincial, city, municipal ordinances :

Name of LGU unit, serial number, date
Example:
Manila Ordinance 6120, January 26, 1967
LGU Serial Number Date of Adoption
OUTLINE
1. Introduction
➤ Constitutions
Regulations
➤ Court Decisions
HOW TO CITE
COURT DECISIONS
HOW TO CITE COURT DECISIONS
COURT DECISIONS
1.Decisions and Resolutions

2.Rules of Court
3.Rollo and Other Court Records
COURT DECISIONS

a. Case Title
b. Exception
c. Case Report
DECISIONS AND RESOLUTIONS

A. Case Title
Cite cases by giving surname of the opposing parties
first mentioned
B. Exceptions - i. Cite Islamic and Chinese names in full

Examples to the exceptions:
Lim Sian Tek v. Ladislao

Lim v. Ladislao

Una Kibad v. COMELEC
Kibad v. COMELEC
ii. Cite compound names in full
Example:
People v. De Guzman
People v. Guzman
iii. Cite names of corporations, associations,

business firms, and partnerships in full
Example:
Mata v. Rita Legarda Inc.

Allied Workers Assn. of the Phils v. Republic
Trading Corp

iv. Cite cases involving the Government of the
Philippines and criminal cases as follows
Example:
U.S. v. Jaranilla
Government v. Abadinas
Commonwealth v. Corominas
Republic v. Carpin
People v. Santos

v. Cite cases involving public officers as follows: Where
the person is named in an official capacity, use the
name of the person only.
Example:
City of Manila v. Subido

City of Manila v. Subido, in his capacity as Civil
Service Commissioner
Gonzales v. Hechanova
Gonzales v. Executive Secretary
vi. Where the office is named, use the complete

title of the office
Example:
Collector of Internal Revenue v. Tan Eng Hong

Chief of the Phil. Constabulary v. Sabungan
Bagong Silangan
vii. Cite local government units by their level

followed by their official name.
Example:
Province of Rizal v. RTC

City of Cebu v. Ledesma
viii. Cite case names beginning with procedural

terms like “In re”. As they appear in the
decisions. Use In re instead of In the matter of.
Example:
In re Elpidio Z. Magsaysay
ix. In consolidated cases, cite only the first case.

Italicize case titles, whether in the body or in
the footnote. For case titles found in the body,
place the citation in the footnote.
Example:
In Mabuhay Textile Mills Corp. v. MInister
Ongpin, the Court held that x x x

C. Case Reports - Cite cases in the footnote as
follows:
i. For cases published in the Philippine Reports
Concepcion v. Paredes, 42 Phil. 599, 607 (1921)

Title Volume First Page Year of
Page where promulgation
of the the
case quoted
text

follows:
ii. For cases NOT published in the Philippine Reports
People v. Suzuki, G.R. No. 120670, October 23, 2003, 414 SCRA 43
Title Docket Number Date of Volume First
Promulgation Page
of the
case

follows:
iii. For cases NOT published in the Philippine

Reports or SCRA
Herce v. Municipality of Cabuyao, Laguna, G.R. No. 166645, Novermber 11, 2005
Title Docket Number Date of
Promulgation

follows:
iv. Multiple cases. When citing several cases in a

footnote, start from the latest to the earliest.
COURT DECISIONS

2.Rules of Court
RULES OF COURT
In the footnote, the Rules of Court is cited as a

code. When the cited rules are no longer in
force, add year of effectivity in parentheses.
Example:
RULES OF COURT, Rule 130, Sec 2, par (a).
RULES OF COURT (1940), Rule 19, Sec 7, par. (b).
COURT DECISIONS

2.Rules of Court
ROLLO AND OTHER COURT RECORDS

1. Rollo
i. Capitalize the word Rollo only at the beginning of

a citation or a sentence.
Examples:
Rollo, p. 21.
CA rollo, pp. 109-122.
Sandiganbayan rollo, p. 9.
CTA rollo, p. 10.

1. Rollo
ii. If there are two or more rollo volumes, and the

subsequent volumes do not continue the
pagination of the previous volume, include the
volume number after the word rollo.
Example:
Rollo, Vol. 3, p. 21.

1. Rollo
ii. In consolidated cases, the word rollo should be

followed by the docket number enclosed in
parentheses.
Example:
Rollo (G.R. No. 123456), p. 21.

2. Records - In citing records, follow same rules

with rollo
Examples:
Records, pp. 201-214.

MTC records, p. 123
NLRC records, p. 12.
3. Reference to the TSN - Cite transcripts of

stenographic notes as follows:
Example:
TSN, January 30, 2003, pp. 21-22

Date of bearing Page number

4. Exhibits - Refer to exhibits by their markings in
quotation marks, followed by the source (e.g.
rollo or records). If exhibits are filed in separate
folders, which cannot be considered as part of
the rollo or records, indicate the precise
description of the source
Example:
Exhibit .A,. records, p. 21.

Exhibit .1,. Folder of exhibits, p. 7.
OUTLINE
1. Introduction
➤ Constitutions
Regulations
➤ Court Decisions
HOW TO CITE
FOREIGN LEGAL
MATERIALS
HOW TO CITE FOREIGN LEGAL MATERIALS
FOREIGN MATERIALS
FOREIGN COURT DECISIONS
A. Case Title
Cite foreign cases as Philippine cases are cited. For
extremely long or confusing case names, use the title
appearing at the header of the case.

Examples:
Sheppard v. Maxwell

Burns v. Graham

Roshan Lal v. Union of India
Manual of Judicial Writing 2016

Exceptions:
a. Cite administrative decisions by the reported
full name of the first listed private party or by the
official subject matter title if no party is named.

Example:
Alabama Intrastate Fares

Exceptions:
b. In American cases where a state is a party,
observe the following rules:
i. For state court decisions, omit the state
name following the word State,
Commonwealth, or People.

Exceptions:
ii. For Federal court decisions, retain the state name but
omit the words “People of”, “State of”, or
“Commonwealth of.”
Examples:
a. State Cases
“State v. Brown”
“State of Florida v. Brown”
“People v. Witenski”
“People of the State of New York v. Witenski”
“Commonwealth v. Negri”
“Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Negri”
b. US Federal Cases
Arizona v. California
State of Arizona v. State of California
Alaska v. K & L Distributors, Inc.

State of Alaska v. K & L Distributors, Inc.
B. Case Report
1. Cite a foreign case as follows: the title of the
case, the official report followed by the published
source, and the year of promulgation in
parentheses.
Example:
Engel v. Vitale, 370 US 421, 82 S. Ct. 1261,
8 L Ed. 2d 601, 86 ALR 2d 1285 (1962).
B. Case Report
2. Whenever a report has been renumbered in
conformity with the official named series, cite the
official report and indicate the original volume and
the name of the reporter in parentheses.
Example:
Marbury v. Madison, 5 US (I Cranch) 137,
2 L Ed. 60 (1803).
B. Case Report
3. If a report uses a bracketed date as part of the
volume designation, place it before the title of the
case report. When the case report does not
indicate the jurisdiction, the country (in
abbreviated form) must be cited parenthetically.
Examples:
[1926] SCR 412.
[1949] Dalloz Jurisprudence 105.
I Sup. Ct. R. 8 (India).
FOREIGN STATUTORY MATERIALS

A. Foreign Constitutions Cite foreign constitutions
as Philippine constitutions are cited and indicate
the name of the country or state.
Examples:
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION amended
XX, sec. 3.
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY BASIC
LAW, art. 21, par. 2.

B. Foreign Statutes
1. Cite foreign statutes by their official name followed
by their popular name, if any, in parentheses, the
published source, and the year of enactment or the date
of effectivity, whichever is available.

Example:
United States Civil Service Act (OíMahoney-Ramspeck
Act) 52 Stat. 1976 (1938).

B. Foreign Statutes
2. If the statute has no official and popular names,
cite the date of enactment followed by the
collections and compilations where the text of
the law could be located.
Example:
Italian Law of March 20, 1865.

B. Foreign Statutes
3. Cite statutes of Commonwealth countries by
official codifications with the year of effectivity
in parentheses.
Example:
National Service Act, 11 & 12 George, c. 64
(1947)

C. Foreign Codes
In the footnote, indicate the name of the country, cite the name
of the particular code and either (1) the specific article or
section, if the provisions in the code are numbered
continuously; or (2) the headings, from general to specific,
followed by the particular article or section, if the provisions
are not numbered continuously. When the code is no longer in
force or has been subsequently revised, put the year of
effectivity in parentheses after the name of the code.

Example:
GERMANY BURGERLICHES GESETBUCH, Sec. 324 (10th ed.,
Palandt. 1952).
• INTERNATIONAL SOURCES
A. UNITED NATIONS (U.N.)
1. U.N. Charter: Cite the U.N. Charter as
constitutions are cited.
Example:
U.N. CHARTER, Art. 2, par. 4.
2. Official Records: Every citation to an official record
should include the resolution number or author and
title, as appropriate; the U.N. organ that published the
record and the committee, if any; the session number
and the part, if any; the type of record cited, if
appropriate; the subdivision; the page or paragraph;
the U.N. document number; the provisional status of
the record, if appropriate; and the year of publication.

Example:
U.N. GAOR Special Political Comm., 27th Sess., 806th mtg. at
5, U.N. Doc. A/SPC/SR.806 (1972)
3. Sales Documents: Citation to a sales document
includes the author, the title, the page or paragraph, the
U.N. document number if available, the sales number, and
the year of publication.

Example:
U.N. DEPíT OF INTíL ECONOMICS & SOCIAL AFFAIRS,
U.N. MODEL DOUBLE TAXATION CONVENTION
BETWEEN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
AT 243, U.N. DOC. ST/ESA/102, U.N. SALES NO. E.
80XVI.3 (1980).
4. Mimeographed Documents: Cite the mimeographed
document only if it is not reprinted as an official record or sales
document by the name of the institutional author, the title of the
document, the document number, and the year of publication.
Example:
U.N. ECONOMICS & SOCIAL AFFAIRS COUNCIL,
COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONSULTATION
WITH NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS,
DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM ON THE AFRICAN
CONTINENT; STATEMENT SUBMITTED BY THE
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OFFICIAL TRAVEL
ORGANIZATIONS, U.N. DOC. E/C.2/162, (1960).
5. Yearbooks and Periodicals
b. Cite the original source or the official records of a
U.N. organ for materials reprinted in yearbooks.
Example:
Report of the International Law Commission to the
General Assembly, 19 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 9)
at 1, U.N. Doc. A/5509 (1963), reprinted in
[1963] 2 Y.B. Intíl L. Commín 187, U.N. Doc. A/
CN.4/SER.A/1963/Add.1.
B. INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
Cite a case before the International Court of Justice, the
Permanent Court of International Justice, or other international
courts by the case name; the names of the parties, if any; the
volume and the name of the publication in which the decision is
found; the page on which the case begins or the number of the
case; and the date.

Examples:
Military and Paramilitary Activities (Nicaragua v. United States),
1986 I.C.J. 4 (June 27).
Diversion of Water from the Meuse (Netherlands v. Belgium),
1937 P.C.I.J. (ser. A/B) No. 70, at 7 (June 28).
Pajs, Czaky, and Esterhazy Case (Hungary v. Yugoslavia), 1936
P.C.I. J. (ser A/B) No. 68 (Dec. 16).
C. INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL BODIES
Cite the name of the case, the international parties in
parentheses, the official source of the arbitral award, and the
year of arbitration parenthetically. If the tribunal that decided
the award is the Permanent Court of Arbitration, indicate at
the end of the citation together with the year enclosed in
parentheses. Parallel citations may be given but do not give
more than three citations.
Examples:
The Island of Palmas Case (United State v. Netherlands) in 2 J.
Scott, HAGUE COURT REPORTS 84 (Perm Ct. Arb. 1928).
The Tinoco Concessions (Great Britain v. Costa Rica), 1 U.N.

Rep. Intíl Arb. Awards 369 (1923)
•INTERNET SOURCES
1. Cite the internet source only if the printed
material is not available in the Philippines.
2. Observe the rules on citation and then add
the electronic address enclosed in angled
brackets followed by the word “visited” and
the date the material was last accessed from
the internet in parentheses.
Example:

OUTLINE
1. Introduction
➤ Constitutions
Regulations
➤ Court Decisions
5.Repeating Citations
REPEATING
CITATIONS
REPEATING CITATIONS
SUPRA
•Use the word .supra to identify a material

previously cited on the same or preceding page.
NOTE: It should not be used to refer to statutes or constitutions.

REPEATING CITATIONS
SUPRA
•If the title of the authority is given in the text, the footnote
consists of the source. When the same authority is repeated in
the text, use “supra”.
Example:
Petitioner invoked this Courts ruling in Concepcion v. Paredes
REPEATING CITATIONS
SUPRA
• If more than one page intervenes between the

citations, use “supra” and indicate the footnote
number where the full citation can be found.
REPEATING CITATIONS
ID
• Use .Id.. When citing the immediately preceding

footnote that has only one authority. Indicate any
particular such as…
REPEATING CITATIONS
ID
•If the first citation is only a part of an authority, do

not use “Id” for a subsequent citation of an entire
authority; instead give the full citation of the
authority.
REPEATING CITATIONS
INTRODUCTORY SIGNALS
9.3.1. SIGNALS THAT INDICATE SUPPORT
•No Signal
•See
•See also
•Cf
REPEATING CITATIONS
9.3.2. SIGNALS THAT SUGGESTS A USEFUL

COMPARISON
• Compare
REPEATING CITATIONS
9.3.3 SIGNALS THAT INDICATE

CONTRADICTION
•But see
•But cf
•But
REPEATING CITATIONS
9.3.4. SIGNAL THAT INDICATES

BACKGROUND MATERIAL
•See generally

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CHAPTER 9

search for the authority that can be

A LEGAL RESEARCHER MUST BE

• familiar with multiple sources and different

• able to search for primary authorities, as well as

CATEGORIES OF LEGAL RESEARCH MATERIAL

• Primary Authority

• Secondary Authority

standard language that allows one writer to refer

PROPERLY WRITTEN REFERENCE

• provide the reader with sufficient information to

• furnish additional important information

“to provide a standardized

“to provide tools for clarity

FULL ADDRESS PRINCIPLES

Principles that specify completeness of the

OTHER MINIMUM CONTENT

Principles that call for the inclusion in a citation of

Principles about punctuation, typography, order

RECORD, CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION 24 (June 24, 1986)

HOW TO CITE STATUTES

b. Document to Cite: Sec 1 of Batas Pambansa,

(1) if provisions in the code are numbered continuously –then

*Include the year when the code is no longer in force or has

(1) if provisions in the code are numbered continuously –then

CIVIL CODE, Art. 297

(1) if provisions in the code are numbered continuously –then

ADMINISTRATIVE CODE, Sec 29

*Include the year when the code is no longer in force or

Examples: Civil code 1889 , Chapter 5 the rights and

CIVIL CODE (1889), Art. 67

II JOURNAL, SENATE 6TH CONGRESS 1st SESSION 24 (June 24, 1966)

2 Use shorter or popular name for subsequent citations

Example: When citing, the convention on prevention and

EXECUTIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES

Example: Executive Order

Executive Order No. 329 (1950)

EXECUTIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES

Proclamation No. 784 (1961)

EXECUTIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES

Example: Administrative Orders

Administrative Order No. 21 (1966)

EXECUTIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES

Example: General Orders

General Order No. 39 (1972)

EXECUTIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES

Example: Letters of Instruction

Letters of Instruction No. 230 (1972)

EXECUTIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES

Format for Presidential Acts under Martial Law:

Example: Letters of Authority

Letter of Authority No. 1 (1972)

EXECUTIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES

Format for Provincial, city, municipal ordinances :

1.Decisions and Resolutions

1.Decisions and Resolutions

DECISIONS AND RESOLUTIONS

B. Exceptions - i. Cite Islamic and Chinese names in full

Lim Sian Tek v. Ladislao

DECISIONS AND RESOLUTIONS

ii. Cite compound names in full

DECISIONS AND RESOLUTIONS

iii. Cite names of corporations, associations,

Mata v. Rita Legarda Inc.