Davao Doctors College

General Malvar St. Davao City

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

A Blood Donation Project of the Department of Health and Red Cross Philippines

A Symposium Presented to the Nursing Clinical Instructor and Students

of Davao Doctor College

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement in

Mother and Child Nursing 204

Name:
Galan, Abbeygale Joyhn G
Huqueriza, Ninna Alliah A.
Delos Santos, Japhet P
Diamante, Kia Leanne
Dhyani, Sharmaine S.
Haguisan, Aldrich S.
Heje, Marcia Mae E.
Digao, Irene Joy M.
Galedo, Melanie A.
Devilla, Sarah L.

January 21, 2020

 Introduction

Blood donation refers to the process of collecting, testing, preparing, and storing blood
and blood components. Donors are most commonly unpaid volunteers, but they may also
be paid by commercial enterprise. Blood registry refers to the collection and sharing data
about donated blood and ineligible donors.

Purpose

The purpose of the blood collection and distribution system is to help ensure an adequate
supply of blood for accident victims, people needing surgery, and people suffering from
certain diseases, as well as for medical research.

Vision

The DOH is hoping that many individuals will become regular voluntary unpaid donors to
guarantee sufficient supply of safe blood and to meet national blood necessities.
DOH Mission

There are 4 types of Blood Donating program Mission that the Department of Health
has focus on to achieve the high quality of care in a cost efficient manner and providing
a well-being to the community and serving all people including the poor.

First is the Blood Safety. Before a blood donor is able to donate blood, a series of
questions are asked to determine if the donor in good health and free from any type of
disease that can be transmitted through blood. If a donor is not in a health stage, he or
she is not allowed to donate blood because they’ll do more harm than good to other clients
receiving there blood. To make sure that the blood is safe for transfusion, it is tested in
laboratories to be certain that it doesn't have any infectious disease such as Hepatitis A
and B and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Second is Blood Adequate. Donating blood must acceptable meaning it must have
the main 4 components which are plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Plasma has 3 components which are proteins, hormones, and nutrients which are being
transported to different parts of the body. Red Blood Cell helps remove waste products
such as carbon dioxide by exhaling. White Blood Cell defends or fights against foreing
material such as bacteria, virus and germs. Platelets prevent the body from bleeding by
sending platelets to the damaged area and clotting the damage vessel. Each component
of blood has their own function and when one component is missing then the blood
component itself is not acceptable to be transfused to receiver.

Third is rational blood use. This means that all the patients that are receiving blood
transfusion will have a reliable safe access to blood products, appropriate to their clinical
need and safely administer. To anyone that needs blood for medical emergency case,
they will have an easier access on purchasing the blood and it will also be disease free.

Fourth is Efficiency of blood services. This is to have a healthcare system which has
a specific objective to keep blood donation program improving. This an example of their
objective is to ensure safe access to blood, quality to afford blood and to improve the
facilities and service to all Filipino. Also encouraging Filipino to donate blood for their
benefits and to others.
DOH Goals

1. Development of a fully voluntary blood donation system;

- Encourage people to voluntarily donate blood for their health benefits such as
reducing the risk for cancer and hemochromatosis and also by donating blood, they are
saving are people live.

2. Strengthening of a nationally coordinated network of BSF to increase efficiency by

centralized testing and processing of blood

- The increase of Blood Service Facilities can increase of the blood processing
which will make blood test much faster and ready for availability when it is needed.

3. Attainment of maximum utilization of blood through rational use of blood products and
component therapy

- To those that are receiving blood transfusion, they will be having an effective and
safe blood that will use for their own rehabilitation.

Objectives

● Provide a global platform to celebrate and thank individuals who donate blood
voluntarily, for altruistic reasons and without any monetary reward.

● Promote and support national activities to celebrate and promote voluntary non-
remunerated blood donation by:

○ Encouraging existing low-risk voluntary donors to give blood regularly

○ Encouraging new people to donate their blood on a voluntary unpaid basis

○ Promoting low-risk behaviour so that individuals protect their own health as well as
being safe to donate blood.
Republic Act. 7719

Also known as the National Blood Services Act of 1994, promotes voluntary blood
donation to provide sufficient supply of safe blood and to regulate blood banks. This act
aims to inculcate public awareness that blood donation is a humanitarian act.

The National Voluntary Blood Services Program (NVBSP) of the Department of

Health is targeting the youth as volunteers in its blood donation program this year. In
accordance with RA No. 7719, it aims to create public consciousness on the importance
of blood donation in saving the lives of millions of Filipinos.
 Importance of Blood Donation

Donating blood is a vital way to help save lives. Along with helping save lives, there are
a number of reasons why donating blood is important.

1. Single donation can save three lives. One blood donation provides different blood
components that can help up to three different people. Because each blood donation
provides three different blood components, each of its own role in treating patients. The
red blood cells allows you to donate twice the amount of red blood cells than you normally
would during a whole blood donation.

Red blood cells deliver oxygen to the entire body. People with a medical need for only
red blood cells include those with severe blood loss, such as after an injury or accident,
and those who have anemia with serious symptoms. The plasma which collects the liquid
portion of the blood (plasma). Plasma helps blood clot and contains proteins and other
substances, such as electrolytes, that help the body function normally. Plasma is
commonly given to people with liver conditions, burns and severe bacterial infections in
their blood. Lastly, Platelets the cells that help stop bleeding by clumping and forming
plugs (clotting) in blood vessels. Donated platelets are commonly given to people with
leukemia, people receiving chemotherapy and babies with severe infections.

2. Blood cannot be manufactured. Despite medical and technological advances, blood

cannot be made, so donations are the only way we can give blood to those who need it.

3. Needed for treatment of accident victims, cancer patients, hemophiliacs, and surgery
patients.

4. Blood that is donated last a little more than 40 days. Then it must be disposed of. That
means we need to constantly replenish the blood so it is there when someone needs it.

5. Blood is needed every 2 seconds. There is a constant need for regular blood supply
because blood can be stored for only a limited time before use. Regular blood donations
by a sufficient number of healthy people are needed to ensure that safe blood will be
available whenever and wherever it is needed.
Blood donors

Voluntary non-remunerated blood donor: A person who donates blood (and plasma or
cellular components) of his/her own free will and receives no payment for it, either in the
form of cash, or in kind which could be considered a substitute for money.

Family/replacement blood donor: A person who gives a replacement unit of blood only
when a family member or friend requires transfusion

Paid “donor”: A person who provides blood for money or other form of payment

Autologous donor: A patient who donates his/her blood to be stored and reinfused, if
needed, during surgery.

Who can donate?

1. Age between 18 and 60 years old.

Age limit should be set for blood donation, taking into account national legal
requirements for consent, the increased risk of vasovagal reactions in younger donors,
and the increased iron requirements of adolescents and young menstruating females.
While Upper age limits for blood donation of between 60 and 70 years have been
implemented in the past because of concerns regarding the increasing incidence of
cardiovascular disease with age and the potential risk of adverse reactions, which are
more likely in first-time donors.

2. Weight at least 50kg.

It is important to set weight limits for blood donation to protect donors from adverse
effects, in particular vasovagal episodes and anemia.

3. Vital signs is within normal limits

Pulse - A normal pulse rate of 60–100 per minute and a regular rhythm are
indicators of good health; many BTS recommend that these are examined prior to
donation. The ability to detect significant abnormalities of pulse rate or rhythm depends
on the skill and experience of staff. The usefulness of this examination in a blood donation
setting needs to be assessed.

Body temperature- A prospective donor who is febrile – defined as a core oral

temperature more than 37.5°C is by definition unwell and should be deferred. Fever can
indicate any number of medical conditions and infections.

Blood Pressure - A normal blood pressure (systolic 120–129 mmHg, diastolic 80–
89 mmHg) is generally regarded as an indicator of good health. The measurement of BP
is required by many national guidelines on donor selection and some BTS set an upper
limit of BP for blood donors on the basis that uncontrolled hypertension is an independent
risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

4. Had no operation for 6 months – 12 months

A deferral period of 12 months following major surgery is usually sufficient to allow for
the individual’s full recovery, restoration of iron stores and resolution of any bacterial
infection, and for routine donation testing to detect any transfusion-transmissible viral
infections.

5. Not Pregnant

The average woman needs about 350–500 mg additional iron to maintain iron balance
during pregnancy. Female donors should be deferred during pregnancy and for a
sufficient time after delivery (or following abortion or miscarriage) and during lactation to
allow for the recovery of iron stores.

6. Have not donated blood in last 56 days.

Iron deficiency is common worldwide and donation-induced iron deficiency is of

particular concern in relation to women of childbearing age and adolescents.
Haemoglobin screening safeguards anaemic individuals from donating blood and also
protects returning donors from donation-induced iron deficiency (DIID), the depletion of
iron stores by repeated donations
7. Hemoglobin Level at least 125 g/l.

There are no rapid, simple and direct bedside methods for determining iron status.
The pre-donation assessment of donor hemoglobin remains the best approach. Collecting
a unit of blood from a donor with a normal hemoglobin level also provides good quality
blood components, with adequate and consistent hemoglobin content in the collected
blood.

— Minor surgical procedures: defer until treatment is complete and successful and
they have resumed normal activity

— Major surgery: defer for 12 months

Can I still donate after recent vaccination?

Hepatitis B- Individuals who have received hepatitis B post-exposure prophylaxis with

vaccine and/or immunoglobulin: accept 12 months after exposure.

Rabies- Defer, Individuals who have received rabies post-exposure prophylaxis with
vaccine and/or immunoglobulin: defer for 12 months after exposure.

Inactivated vaccines

Non-live vaccines and toxoids include cholera, diphtheria toxoid, hepatitis B,

human papillomavirus (HPV), influenza, meningococcal meningitis, pertussis,
pneumococcal, polio (injected), rabies, tetanus toxoid, tick-borne encephalitis and
typhoid.

Accept- Individuals who have received non-live vaccines and toxoids (with the
exception of HBV vaccine) with no history or known exposure and who feel well.

Defer- Individuals with no known exposure to hepatitis B who have recently

received routine vaccination: defer for 14 days.
Who Cannot Donate?

What does the term "donor deferral" mean?

Individuals disqualified from donating blood are known as "deferred" donors. A

prospective donor may be deferred at any point during the collection and testing process.
Whether or not a person is deferred temporarily or permanently will depend on the specific
reason for disqualification (e.g. a person may be deferred temporarily because of anemia,
a condition that is usually reversible).

1. Weight less than 50 kg.

Low body weight and low blood volume have been shown to be independent
predictors for vasovagal reactions.

2. Have a cold, flu, and sore throat.

Minor non-specific symptoms (e.g. general malaise, pain, fever, headache, cough,
and diarrhea) may indicate the presence of an acute infection that may be transmissible
by transfusion.

3. Had recent piercing and tattoo.

Defer for 12 months following last acupuncture, piercing, tattoo, scarification or invasive
cosmetic procedure

4. Diagnosed with anemia, hypertension, diabetes, cardiac problem, acute

infection, immunological disease, respiratory disease,

ANEMIA- The history of anemia should be assessed in relation to its cause, current status
and any treatment that has been received. Individuals who suffer from hematinic
deficiency anemia of whatever etiology should not be accepted as donors until the cause
of the anemia has been identified and the anaemia has been successfully treated.
 Accept

Individuals who:

— Have a past history of iron deficiency anaemia, with a known cause that is not a
contraindication to donation, and who have completed treatment and are fully recovered.

Defer

Individuals who:

— Do not meet the minimum haemoglobin level for blood donation

— Are under investigation or on treatment for anaemia

Defer permanently

Individuals who have chronic anaemia of unknown cause or associated with systemic
disease: e.g. renal failure, rheumatoid disease.

- HYPERTENSION- Donors who have recently started taking anti-hypertensive

medication or for whom the dose of anti-hypertensive medication has been
adjusted, should be deferred for a period of 28 days after the blood pressure
has been stabilized.

- DIABETES MELLITUS- Individuals with diabetes who require insulin should

be permanently deferred from blood donation because of concerns regarding
diabetes-related complications and an increased risk of hepatitis and other
infections if safe injection practices cannot be assured.

- CARDIAC PROBLEM- These donors should not be accepted for donation

unless the circumstances are exceptional and the donation is well-monitored.

Defer permanently.

- IMMUNOLOGICAL DISEASES- Individuals with systemic immunological

diseases are generally unwell and are therefore not suitable to donate blood.
 - RESPIRATORY DISEASES- Assessment of the suitability of individuals with
respiratory disease requires consideration of the health of the donor and
assessment of the risk of transmission of infection to the recipient.

- VIRAL INFECTIONS

Hepatitis B- The virus is transmitted from human to human via blood and body fluids;
consequently it may be transmitted by transfusion and transplantation, via needles and
other items exposed to blood, and from mother to child in utero, at birth or perinatally

5. Have a chronic Disease ( HIV, AIDS)

Sexually transmitted infection such as syphilis, herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhoea or

bacterial vaginosis; sharing contaminated needles, syringes and other infected
equipment and drug solutions for injecting drug use; receiving unsafe injections, blood
transfusions or medical procedures.

Defer

Current sexual contacts of individuals with HIV infection

Former sexual contacts of individuals with HIV infection: defer for 12 months since last
sexual contact.

Defer permanently

Individuals with present or past clinical or laboratory evidence of HIV infection

6. Taking several antibiotics/ several medications

The pharmacokinetic properties of the medication and the effect of the medication on
the quality or safety of the donated blood.

Defer

Individuals taking prescribed treatment with injected medications, including self-

administration, based on the underlying condition for which the medication is taken
— Aspirin: defer for 5 days

— Other NSAIDs: defer for 48 hours

— Acitretin: defer for 3 years

— Isotretinoin: defer for 28 days

— Dutasteride: defer for 6 months

— Finasteride: defer for 28 days

— Antibiotics for acute infections: defer for 14 days after completion of treatment.

7. Injecting drug use

The use of injected “recreational” drugs and non-prescribed steroids is commonly

associated with unsafe practices such as the sharing and re-use of needles. It carries a
high risk of blood-borne infections, most commonly HCV, but also HBV and HIV

8. Non-injected drugs and alcohol use

Prospective donors who demonstrate signs and symptoms of intoxication should be

deferred as their capacity to give informed consent is likely to be impaired.

9. Menstrual Period for 7 days thereafter.

Menstruation is not a reason for deferral. However, women who report regular
excessive menstrual bleeding and are found to have low hemoglobin levels should not
donate blood and should be referred for medical assessment.

10. Pregnant or Breastfeeding

Female donors should be deferred during pregnancy and for a sufficient time after
delivery (or following abortion or miscarriage) and during lactation to allow for the recovery
of iron stores.
11. Detention in prisons and penal institutions

Inmates of prisons and penal institutions should not be accepted as blood donors as
there is evidence of a higher incidence of HIV, HBV and HCV in these populations.

12. Country of Residence and Travel History

The deferral of prospective donors who have visited or been resident in disease-
endemic areas should be balanced against the sufficiency of the blood supply.

Where Can I Donate?

Share your blood at the following:

> Blood Service Facilities (BSF)

 Philippine Blood Center

 DOH Hospital (BSF)

 PRC (BSF)

 LGUs / NGOs (BSF)

> During various mobile blood donation activities

 Community

 Participating government organizations

 Private Kabalikat agencies

 Schools / Universities
What can you do if you aren't eligible to donate?

Name of Office: National Voluntary Blood Services Program (NVBSP)

While a given individual may be unable to donate, he or she may be able to recruit a
suitable donor. The Blood Center is always in need of volunteers to assist at blood draws
or to organize mobile blood drives. In addition, volunteer works are always welcome help
the blood center ensure the continuous supply of safe blood to those in need.

Donor Questionaire and Fill up forms.

A donor questionnaire is the key tool in donor selection for assessing donor health and
safety and for reducing the risk of transmission of infection, in particular for infections for
which no suitable screening tests are available.
Health Benefits of Donating Blood:
 It aids in fighting Hemochromatosis, a disorder where too much iron builds in the
body, also known as “iron overload.”

 It benefits the human heart because it prevents occurrence of heart attacks and
strokes, for it lowers the cholesterol level.

 The production of red blood cells will increase, as for the bone marrow signals
that it needs to release new set of red blood cells to supply more oxygenated
blood throughout the body.
 The donors will be automatically warned of serious illness of serious illness by
undergoing blood screening test before donating
 Beneficial to lose weight, which a 450 ml of blood can burn 650 calories.
 Makes the donor psychologically rejuvenated, means changes in the body occurs
like feeling of being a new person and a feeling of being stronger.

 Donating blood also reduces the risk of developing cancer, because by lowering
the amount of iron stored in the body is the reason for lowering the risk of cancer
development, the iron stored in the body must be at level, because too much
storage of iron may cause arterial blockage that may lead to more complications.

 Lastly, it replenishes blood, this may be compared to a car that undergoes

change oil, it replaces or changed blood into new ones.

What do I get from donating blood?

 SELF WORTH
- It is something that will make you feel good about yourself

 SPIRIT OF SHARING

- It is something you can spare; most people have blood to spare… Yet, there
is still not enough to go around
 ADEQUACY OF BLOOD SUPPLY

- You will help ensure blood is on the shelf when needed, most people don’t
think they’ll ever need blood, but many do.
 TO BE A HERO

- You will be someone’s hero. In fact, you could save more than one LIFE with
just one donation.
OTHER BENEFITS

Blood donation will help people feel good about themselves and has the power to
impact up to three people wo need the blood to survive. Knowing that they have made a
difference to the lives of others can make them mentally well or better about themselves
that they did before especially in reducing stress cause when giving blood, you are
reducing this viscosity and relieving any stress on your arteries that means it could
reduce the risk of having a heart attack, stroke, or other cardiovascular event that could
harm patient’s life.

Donating blood can also improve your emotional well-being cause according to
the Mental Health Foundation that doing good or contributing something that come from
you for others is also good for your human soul, mind and even your spirit. It can benefit
your physical health where by donating blood may help in improving cardiovascular
health and reducing obesity.

This will help get rid of negative feeling as well because this may be the key in
developing affective strategies to boost donor retention. And, the last one is that it
provides a sense of belonging and reduce isolation where the donor engage in creating
and maintaining meaningful friendships and joining in social activities to meet new
people as well as by donating blood they will learn something new.

POOR REASON FOR NOT DONATING BLOOD

First is “I’m afraid” because everyone’s scared the first time around but after one
donation you will even wonder why you have ever hesitated. Second is “it hurts” where
you will only feel a slight pinch on your arm, that’s it. Third is that “I’m too busy” so let’s
remember that a little of your time can mean a lifetime for someone. Fourth is “I’m
anemic” you will be checked before you even donate if your hemoglobin is low, you will
be temporarily deferred but you can always come back and try again. The last reason is
that “I’m afraid of getting AIDS and other disease” so there is no way you can be
exposed to AIDS by donating. All needles and other supplies are sterile and disposable.
 References

 (49), jemzem, (37), missj-vee, & (65), steemph.cebu. (n.d.). Blood Donation:
An Advocacy. Retrieved from
https://steemit.com/advocacy/@jemzem/blood-donation-an-advocacy
 (48), lifediaries, (63), arrliinn, (62), kennyroy, (48), gilvelosoreyes, & (55),
pingcess. (n.d.). BLOOD DONATION AS SERVICE TO THE COMMUNITY OF
UAE. Retrieved from https://steemit.com/philippines/@lifediaries/blood-
donation-as-service-to-the-community-of-uae
 Guidelines on Assessing Donor Suitability for Blood Donation. World
Health Organization (2012).
 https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/divisions-diagnostics-and-
procedures/medicine/blood-donation-and-registry
 Mittal, S. (2018, June 14). World blood donor day. Retrieved from
http://shilpsnutrilife.com/?p=40911
 Null, R. (2017). Advantages and disadvantages of donating blood. UK Ltd,
Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company.
 Santos, A. (2019). The Benefits of Donating Blood. Healthline Media a Red
Ventures Company.
 Uid=Alfonso.ramos. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.tricare4u.com/wps/portal/tdb/tricare4u/home/news/importance-
of-donating-
blood/!ut/p/z0/fY5BCoMwFAWvYhcuw48thGxFCiIV6i7NpkRNY1r9iRpqe_tqD
-By4M3wQIIAieptjQrWoepXvkl2v-Y5yxNOL7w6U5oynhRVkp04ZVCA3B-
sBfscR5mCbBwG_QkgFj9Hf8AQaTS9nbuYdm7QMUW9zDG1g3dTUNho4h6
kXa8Ei4bUvXPtVjxOZVYakF6Fjlh8OBCbCGJX9C9Zf5f08APEvOnK/
 Why Give Blood. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://givingblood.org/donate-
blood/why-give-blood.aspx