Daniel Kaufmann, in his work entitled The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and

Analytical Issues, identified the six dimensions of governance, in a more widely applicable way, namely

the Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness,

Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption. These six dimensions will define what truly

governance is all about which consists the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is

exercised. This includes the process by which governments are selected, monitored and replaced; the

capacity of the government to effectively formulate and implement sound policies; and the respect of

citizens and the state for the institutions that govern economic and social interactions among them.

Good governance must be indicated of the factors mentioned but the bigger challenge is to attain

sustainability of these indicators in the society.

In the broadest sense, governance concerns performance of the government including public

and private sectors, global and local arrangements, formal structures and informal norms and practices,

spontaneous and intentional systems of control. In the simplest sense, governance means the process of

1
decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented or not implemented. In the

empirical analysis of public policies, governance is considered to encompass all aspects of the exercise of

authority in the management of the resource endowment of a state and the manner in which the power

is exercised. The quality of governance is determined by the impact of this exercise of power on the

quality of life enjoyed by the citizens.

Moreover, these six dimensions of governance are very essential for a government to be

successful. In the same manner, the most important elements of governance, as cited in an article

entitled Governance in Indonesia: Some Comments by Peter McCawley, should be present as well. These

are the following: The processes by which governments are chosen, monitored and changed; The

systems of interaction between the administration, the legislature and the judiciary; The ability of
government to create and to implement public policy; and the mechanism by which citizens and groups

define their interests and interact with institutions of authority and with each other. Asian Development

Bank (1995) identifies four basic elements of good governance (which McCawley calls democratic

governance) such as accountability, participation, predictability and transparency. 2 These four elements

must be present to consider governance of a leader a good one. This system of governance that a leader

has is what we called leadership. It means vision, cheerleading, enthusiasm, love, trust, verve, passion,

obsession, consistency, the use of symbols, paying attention as illustrated by the content of one’s

calendar, out and out drama (and the management thereof), creating heroes at all levels, coaching,

effectively wandering around, and numerous other things. Although a person anchored the four

elements of a good governance, he cannot be labeled as a good leader if he is not credible enough to be

a public servant.

1
Daniel, Kaufmann, “The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical
Issues,” December 23, 2016, 1:09PM. http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/pdf/WGI.pdf
2
Dilip Kumar Roy, “Governance, Competitiveness and Growth: The Challenges for Bangladesh,”
December 23, 2016, 2:25PM. http;//www.abdi.org/discussion-paper/2007/08/28/1959
governance.competitiveness.growth.bangladesh/